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  • Articles  (33)
  • 2015-2019  (33)
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  • Articles  (33)
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  • 1
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    Clinical Significance of YAP1 Activation in Colorectal Cancer (2015)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: Purpose: Activation of YAP1, a novel oncogene in the Hippo pathway, has been observed in many cancers, including colorectal cancer. We investigated whether activation of YAP1 is significantly associated with prognosis or treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: A gene expression signature reflecting YAP1 activation was identified in colorectal cancer cells, and patients with colorectal cancer were stratified into two groups according to this signature: activated YAP1 colorectal cancer (AYCC) or inactivated YAP1 colorectal cancer (IYCC). Stratified patients in five test cohorts were evaluated to determine the effect of the signature on colorectal cancer prognosis and response to cetuximab treatment. Results: The activated YAP1 signature was associated with poor prognosis for colorectal cancer in four independent patient cohorts with stage I–III disease (total n = 1,028). In a multivariate analysis, the impact of the YAP1 signature on disease-free survival was independent of other clinical variables [hazard ratio (HR), 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–2.13; P 〈 0.001]. In patients with stage IV colorectal cancer and wild-type KRAS, IYCC patients had a better disease control rate and progression-free survival (PFS) after cetuximab monotherapy than did AYCC patients; however, in patients with KRAS mutations, PFS duration after cetuximab monotherapy was not different between IYCC and AYCC patients. In multivariate analysis, the effect of YAP1 activation on PFS was independent of KRAS mutation status and other clinical variables (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05–3.16; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Activation of YAP1 is highly associated with poor prognosis for colorectal cancer and may be useful in identifying patients with metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to cetuximab. Clin Cancer Res; 21(2); 357–64. ©2014 AACR .
    Print ISSN: 1078-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-3265
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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  • 2
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    microDuMIP: target-enrichment technique for microarray-based duplex molecular inversion probes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-14
    Description: Molecular inversion probe (MIP)-based capture is a scalable and effective target-enrichment technology that can use synthetic single-stranded oligonucleotides as probes. Unlike the straightforward use of synthetic oligonucleotides for low-throughput target capture, high-throughput MIP capture has required laborious protocols to generate thousands of single-stranded probes from DNA microarray because of multiple enzymatic steps, gel purifications and extensive PCR amplifications. Here, we developed a simple and efficient microarray-based MIP preparation protocol using only one enzyme with double-stranded probes and improved target capture yields by designing probes with overlapping targets and unique barcodes. To test our strategy, we produced 11 510 microarray-based duplex MIPs (microDuMIPs) and captured 3554 exons of 228 genes in a HapMap genomic DNA sample (NA12878). Under our protocol, capture performance and precision of calling were compatible to conventional MIP capture methods, yet overlapping targets and unique barcodes allowed us to precisely genotype with as little as 50 ng of input genomic DNA without library preparation. microDuMIP method is simpler and cheaper, allowing broader applications and accurate target sequencing with a scalable number of targets.
    Keywords: Microarray Technology, Phsyical and Biochemical Characterisation of DNA, Genomics
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Associated With the Progression of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults [Clinical Sciences] (2015)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    In: Stroke
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-24
    Description: Background and Purpose— We investigated the association between cardiovascular risk factors, including carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and future risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in elderly subjects. Methods— We conducted a population-based prospective study as a part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. Our study included 348 participants who were nondemented at the baseline (mean age, 71.7±6.3 years) and underwent cognitive evaluation at the 5-year follow-up. Baseline cardiovascular risk factors were compared according to the development of MCI or dementia during the study period. Results— At the baseline evaluation, 278 subjects were cognitively normal and 70 subjects had MCI. Diagnoses of cognitive function either remained unchanged or improved during the study period in 292 subjects (nonprogression group), whereas 56 subjects showed progression of cognitive impairment to MCI or dementia (progression group). The progression group exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension and greater CIMT compared with the nonprogression group. Other baseline cardiovascular risk factors, including sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral fat, pulse wave velocity, and ankle-brachial index, were not significantly different between 2 groups. The association between greater baseline CIMT and the progression of cognitive impairment was maintained after adjustment for conventional baseline risk factors of cognitive impairment. Greater baseline CIMT was also independently associated with the development of MCI in the subjects whose baseline cognitive function was normal. Conclusions— Greater baseline CIMT was independently associated with the risk of cognitive impairment, such as MCI and dementia in elderly subjects.
    Keywords: Carotid Stenosis
    Print ISSN: 0039-2499
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4628
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 4
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    Membrane Binding of HVR K-Ras4B [Membrane Biology] (2015)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: K-Ras4B belongs to a family of small GTPases that regulates cell growth, differentiation and survival. K-ras is frequently mutated in cancer. K-Ras4B association with the plasma membrane through its farnesylated and positively charged C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) is critical to its oncogenic function. However, the structural mechanisms of membrane association are not fully understood. Here, using confocal microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular dynamics simulations, we observed that K-Ras4B can be distributed in rigid and loosely packed membrane domains. Its membrane binding domain interaction with phospholipids is driven by membrane fluidity. The farnesyl group spontaneously inserts into the disordered lipid microdomains, whereas the rigid microdomains restrict the farnesyl group penetration. We speculate that the resulting farnesyl protrusion toward the cell interior allows oligomerization of the K-Ras4B membrane binding domain in rigid microdomains. Unlike other Ras isoforms, K-Ras4B HVR contains a single farnesyl modification and positively charged polylysine sequence. The high positive charge not only modulates specific HVR binding to anionic phospholipids but farnesyl membrane orientation. Phosphorylation of Ser-181 prohibits spontaneous farnesyl membrane insertion. The mechanism illuminates the roles of HVR modifications in K-Ras4B targeting microdomains of the plasma membrane and suggests an additional function for HVR in regulation of Ras signaling.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 5
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    Toll-like receptor 4-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to impairment of vasodilator action of insulin (2015)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-02
    Description: Impairment of vasodilator action of insulin is associated with endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induces proinflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) activate TLR4, which induces ER stress and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we determined whether TLR4-mediated ER stress is an obligatory step mediating SFA-induced endothelial dysfunction. Palmitate stimulated proinflammatory responses and ER stress, and this was suppressed by knockdown of TLR4 in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Next, we examined the role of TLR4 in vasodilatory responses in intact vessels isolated from wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and TLR4-KO mice after feeding high-fat (HFD) or normal chow diet (NCD) for 12 wk. Arterioles isolated from HFD WT mice exhibited impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilation compared with arterioles isolated from NCD WT mice. Deficiency of TLR4 was protective from HFD-induced impairment of insulin-stimulated vasodilation. There were no differences in acetylcholine (Ach)- or sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated vasodilation between the two groups. Furthermore, we examined whether ER stress is involved in SFA-induced impairment of vasodilator actions of insulin. Infusion of palmitate showed the impairment of vasodilatory response to insulin, which was ameliorated by coinfusion with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress suppressor. Taken together, the results suggest that TLR4-induced ER stress may be an obligatory step mediating the SFA-mediated endothelial dysfunction.
    Print ISSN: 0193-1849
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1555
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Simultaneous deletion of Bax and Bak is required to prevent apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy (2015)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Description: Proximal tubular injury and apoptosis are key mediators of the development of kidney fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. However, the molecular mechanism by which tubular apoptotic cell death leads to kidney fibrosis is poorly understood. In the present study, we tested the roles of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Bcl-2 antagonist/killer (Bak), two crucial proteins involved in intrinsic apoptotic cell death, in the progression of kidney fibrosis. Mice with proximal tubule-specific Bax deletion, systemic deletion of Bak, and dual deletion of Bax and Bak were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Dual deficiency of Bax and Bak inhibited tubular apoptosis and atrophy. Consistent with decreased tubular injury, dual ablation of Bax and Bak suppressed UUO-induced inflammation and kidney fibrosis with decreased tubular cell cycle arrest, expression of fibrogenic and inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in the kidney. Bax or Bak deficiency was insufficient to prevent apoptosis and all other aforementioned malevolent effects, suggesting compensatory mediation by each other in the respective signaling pathways. These data suggest that dual ablation of Bax and Bak in the kidney is required to prevent UUO-induced tubular apoptosis and the consequent kidney inflammation and fibrosis.
    Print ISSN: 1931-857X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1466
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    U2AF65 inhibits splicing [Cell Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: U2 snRNP auxiliary factor 65 kDa (U2AF65) is a general splicing factor that contacts polypyrimidine (Py) tract and promotes prespliceosome assembly. In this report, we show that U2AF65 stimulates alternative exon skipping in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-related survival motor neuron (SMN) pre-mRNA. A stronger 5′ splice-site mutation of alternative exon...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Vibrio vulnificus VvpE inhibits mucin 2 expression by hypermethylation via lipid raft-mediated ROS signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: Vibrio vulnificus VvpE inhibits mucin 2 expression by hypermethylation via lipid raft-mediated ROS signaling in intestinal epithelial cells Cell Death and Disease 6, e1787 (June 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.152 Authors: S-J Lee, Y H Jung, S Y Oh, K K Jang, H S Lee, S H Choi & H J Han
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Single-cell analysis of targeted transcriptome predicts drug sensitivity of single cells within human myeloma tumors (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    In: Leukemia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-05
    Description: Single-cell analysis of targeted transcriptome predicts drug sensitivity of single cells within human myeloma tumors Leukemia 30, 1094 (May 2016). doi:10.1038/leu.2015.361 Authors: A K Mitra, U K Mukherjee, T Harding, J S Jang, H Stessman, Y Li, A Abyzov, J Jen, S Kumar, V Rajkumar & B Van Ness
    Print ISSN: 0887-6924
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5551
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    RNF20 Suppresses Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting the SREBP1c-PTTG1 Axis in Kidney Cancer [Research Article] (2017)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-28
    Description: Elevated lipid metabolism promotes cancer cell proliferation. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancers, characterized by ectopic lipid accumulation. However, the relationship between aberrant lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis in ccRCC is not thoroughly understood. Here, we demonstrate that ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) acts as a tumor suppressor in ccRCC. RNF20 overexpression repressed lipogenesis and cell proliferation by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), and SREBP1 suppression, either by knockdown or by the pharmacological inhibitor betulin, attenuated proliferation and cell cycle progression in ccRCC cells. Notably, SREBP1c regulates cell cycle progression by inducing the expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 ( PTTG1 ), a novel target gene of SREBP1c. Furthermore, RNF20 overexpression reduced tumor growth and lipid storage in xenografts. In ccRCC patients, RNF20 downregulation and SREBP1 activation are markers of poor prognosis. Therefore, RNF20 suppresses tumorigenesis in ccRCC by inhibiting the SREBP1c-PTTG1 axis.
    Print ISSN: 0270-7306
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5549
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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