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  • 2015-2019  (28)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Space and time. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Originally published in 1980. The author's arguments here provide grounds for rejecting both the absolutist and the relativist theories of time and presents two new theories, shifting the traditional debate to a consideration of time as a theoretical structure and theoretical framework.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (277 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780429671838
    Series Statement: Routledge Library Editions: Philosophy of Time Series
    DDC: 115
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- Preface -- I The Nature of Time -- 1 What is Time? -- 2 The Intractability of Time -- 3 Things in Time and Temporal Items -- 4 Reductionism -- 5 Platonism -- 6 A Plan of the Work -- II Time and Change -- 1 Reductionism and Aristotle's Principle -- 2 Changes -- 3 Inconceivability and Verification -- 4 Towards Changeless Time -- 5 Quantized Change -- 6 Date Causality -- 7 Duration Causality -- 8 Spatial Vacua and Reductionist Theories of Space -- 9 A Comparison of Temporal and Spatial Vacua -- 10 Temporal Vacua and Modalities -- III The Topology of Time I: The Linearity of Time -- I The Standard Topology -- 2 Cyclical Time and Closed Time -- 3 A Maximal Exposition of the Hypothesis of Closed Time -- 4 The Underdetermination of Theory by Data -- 5 Reductionism, Platonism and Closed Time -- IV The Topology of Time II: The Unity of Time -- 1 Space, Time and Unity -- 2 Non-unified Space -- 3 Non-unified Space and Non-unified Time -- 4 The Essentially Temporal Character of Evidence -- 5 Unified Space and Non-unified Time? -- V The Topology of Time III: The Beginning of Time -- 1 Beginnings and Endings -- 2 Aristotle, Swinburne and Tenses -- 3 Kant, Indefinite Extrapolation and Possibility -- 4 Empty Time, Leibniz and Explanation -- 5 Aristotle's Principle, Empty Time and the Beginning of the Universe -- VI The Topology of Time IV: The Micro-aspects -- 1 The Micro-structure of Time -- 2 Discrete Time -- 3 The Empirical Significance of Continuity Postulates -- 4 The Points of Time -- 5 The Russellian Construction of Instants -- 6 Instants as Propositions -- 7 Instants as Parts of Durations -- 8 Intervals of Time -- VII The Metric of Time -- 1 Dates and Durations -- 2 The Metrication of Time -- 3 Clocks and Conventions. , 4 Choosing a Clock -- 5 Conventionalism -- 6 Objectivism -- 7 Platonism and Objectivism -- 8 Objectivism and Semantic Revisionism -- 9 Unmeasurable Time -- VIII The Special Theory of Relativity -- 1 The Special Theory of Relativity -- 2 The Lorentz Transformations -- 3 Consequences of the Lorentz Transformations -- (i) Relativization of Simultaneity and Platonism -- (ii) STR and the Topology of Time -- (iii) Quine and the STR -- 4 The Twins Paradox -- 5 Platonism, Reductionism and the Special Theory of Relativity -- IX The Direction of Time -- 1 The Criterion of Temporal Order -- 2 Memory and Temporal Order -- 3 Memories and Mories -- 4 Physical Correlates -- 5 Predicates and Relations without Physical Correlates -- X Towards a Positive Theory -- 1 What, then, is Time? -- 2 Platonism -- 3 Time as a Construction from Events -- 4 Time as a Logical Space -- 5 Time as a System of Non-empirical Abstract Objects -- 6 The Flexible Response Theory -- 7 The Facts of the Matter -- 8 Time as a Theoretical Structure -- 9 Time as a Theoretical Framework -- Appendix: Properties of Relations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 2
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    Oceans and Law of the Sea, United Nations
    In:  EPIC3The First Global Integrated Marine Assessment, Chapter 36G: Arctic Ocean, New York, Oceans and Law of the Sea, United Nations, 47 p., pp. 1-47
    Publication Date: 2016-03-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-04-21
    Description: Author(s): R. J. deBoer, D. W. Bardayan, J. Görres, P. J. LeBlanc, K. V. Manukyan, M. T. Moran, K. Smith, W. Tan, E. Uberseder, M. Wiescher, P. F. Bertone, A. E. Champagne, and M. S. Islam Background: The slowest reaction in the first CNO cycle is 14 N(p,γ) 15 O, therefore its rate determines the overall energy production efficiency of the entire cycle. The cross section presents several strong resonance contributions, especially for the ground-state transition. Some of the properties of... [Phys. Rev. C 91, 045804] Published Mon Apr 20, 2015
    Keywords: Nuclear Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: Treatment of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) or events in sickle cell disease (SCD) remains limited to symptom relief with opioids. Animal models support the effectiveness of the pan-selectin inhibitor GMI-1070 in reducing selectin-mediated cell adhesion and abrogating VOC. We studied GMI-1070 in a prospective multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study of 76 SCD patients with VOC. Study drug (GMI-1070 or placebo) was given every 12 hours for up to 15 doses. Other treatment was per institutional standard of care. All subjects reached the composite primary end point of resolution of VOC. Although time to reach the composite primary end point was not statistically different between the groups, clinically meaningful reductions in mean and median times to VOC resolution of 41 and 63 hours (28% and 48%, P = .19 for both) were observed in the active treatment group vs the placebo group. As a secondary end point, GMI-1070 appeared safe in acute vaso-occlusion, and adverse events were not different in the two arms. Also in secondary analyses, mean cumulative IV opioid analgesic use was reduced by 83% with GMI-1070 vs placebo ( P = .010). These results support a phase 3 study of GMI-1070 (now rivipansel) for SCD VOC. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01119833.
    Keywords: Free Research Articles, Red Cells, Iron, and Erythropoiesis, Clinical Trials and Observations
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: By magnetizing the fusion fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) systems, the required stagnation pressure and density can be relaxed dramatically. This happens because the magnetic field insulates the hot fuel from the cold pusher and traps the charged fusion burn products. This trapping allows the burn products to deposit their energy in the fuel, facilitating plasma self-heating. Here, we report on a comprehensive theory of this trapping in a cylindrical DD plasma magnetized with a purely axial magnetic field. Using this theory, we are able to show that the secondary fusion reactions can be used to infer the magnetic field-radius product, BR , during fusion burn. This parameter, not ρR , is the primary confinement parameter in magnetized ICF. Using this method, we analyze data from recent Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments conducted on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories. We show that in these experiments BR ≈ 0.34(+0.14/−0.06) MG cm, a ∼ 14× increase in BR from the initial value, and confirming that the DD-fusion tritons are magnetized at stagnation. This is the first experimental verification of charged burn product magnetization facilitated by compression of an initial seed magnetic flux.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments performed at Sandia's Z facility have demonstrated significant thermonuclear fusion neutron yields (∼10 12 DD neutrons) from multi-keV deuterium plasmas inertially confined by slow (∼10 cm/ μ s), stable, cylindrical implosions. Effective magnetic confinement of charged fusion reactants and products is signaled by high secondary DT neutron yields above 10 10 . Analysis of extensive power, imaging, and spectroscopic x-ray measurements provides a detailed picture of ∼3 keV temperatures, 0.3 g/cm 3 densities, gradients, and mix in the fuel and liner over the 1–2 ns stagnation duration.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-09-29
    Keywords: Emergency treatment of Stroke, Other Stroke Treatment - Medical
    Print ISSN: 0039-2499
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4628
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-07-29
    Description: Phytoplankton growth and biomass accumulation vary spatially and temporally in the Ross Sea, largely as a function of ice concentrations, vertical mixing depths, and iron concentrations. To assess the role of vertical mixing in bloom initiation, we used a high-resolution numerical model to estimate changes in mixed layer depths from October 1 through early December, the period where phytoplankton growth begins and biomass accumulates, and estimate critical depths for this period. Mixed layers in October ranged from the complete water column (〉600 m) to ca. 200 m; over a 60-day period, the mixed layers decreased on average by 70%. Estimated critical depths were exceeded in October, but would allow growth to proceed in late October due to shoaling of mixed layer depths, consistent with the known onset of the spring bloom in the Ross Sea. We also analysed a series of stations sampled near the Ross Ice Shelf during January 2012. Mean vertical profiles for the stations indicated deep vertical mixing; mixed layer depths averaged 60 m and ranged up to 96 m. Chlorophyll concentrations within the mixed layer averaged 6.60 µg l –1 , and the pigment contributions were dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica . We suggest that this mesoscale region near the ice shelf is elevated in phytoplankton biomass due to frequent mixing events that redistribute biomass to depth and replenish nutrients, which in turn are utilized by an assemblage capable of utilizing low mean irradiance levels. Thus, the deep mixed layers and high biomass concentrations represent growth over long periods under reduced mixing punctuated by short periods of deeper vertical mixing that redistribute biomass. Water column vertical mixing and phytoplankton biomass in the Ross Sea are consistent with the critical depth concept as originally proposed by Sverdrup.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen that often leads to human infections through the consumption of contaminated poultry. Wild birds may play a role in the transmission of C. jejuni by acting as reservoir hosts. Despite ample evidence that wild birds harbor C. jejuni , few studies have addressed the role of host ecology in transmission to domestic animals or humans. We tested the hypothesis that host social behavior and habitat play a major role in driving transmission risk. C. jejuni infection and host ecology were studied simultaneously in wild American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ) in Davis, CA, over 3 years. We found that 178 of 337 samples tested were culture positive (53%), with infection varying by season and host age. Among adult crows, infection rates were highest during the winter, when migrants return and crows form large communal roosts. Nestlings had the highest risk of infection, and whole-genome sequencing supports the observation of direct transmission between nestlings. We deployed global positioning system (GPS) receivers to quantify habitat use by crows; space use was nonrandom, with crows preferentially occupying some habitats while avoiding others. This behavior drastically amplified the risk of environmental contamination from feces in specific locations. This study demonstrates that social behavior contributes to infection within species and that habitat use leads to a heterogeneous risk of cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in industrialized countries. Despite efforts to reduce the colonization of poultry flocks and eventual infection of humans, the incidence of human C. jejuni infection has remained high. Because wild birds can harbor strains of C. jejuni that eventually infect humans, there has long been speculation that wild birds might act as an important reservoir in the C. jejuni infection cycle. We simultaneously studied infection prevalence, social behavior, and movement ecology in wild American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ). We found that social behavior contributed to patterns of infection and that movement behavior resulted in some areas having a high risk of transmission while others had a low risk. The incorporation of ecological data into studies of C. jejuni in wild birds has the potential to resolve when and how wild birds contribute to domestic animal and human C. jejuni infection, leading to better control of initial poultry contamination.
    Print ISSN: 0099-2240
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5336
    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Description: Objective To explore incidents of bullying and undermining among obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) consultants in the UK, to add another dimension to previous research and assist in providing a more holistic understanding of the problem in medicine. Design Questionnaire survey. Setting Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). Participants O&G consultant members/fellows of the RCOG working in the UK. Main outcome measures Measures included a typology of 4 bullying and undermining consequences from major to coping. Results There was a 28% (664) response rate of whom 44% (229) responded that they had been persistently bullied or undermined. Victims responded that bullying and undermining is carried out by those senior or at least close in the hierarchy. Of the 278 consultants who answered the question on ‘frequency of occurrence’, 50% stated that bullying and undermining occurs on half, or more, of all encounters with perpetrators and two-thirds reported that it had lasted more than 3 years. The reported impact on professional and personal life spans a wide spectrum from suicidal ideation, depression and sleep disturbance, and a loss of confidence. Over half reported problems that could compromise patient care. When victims were asked if the problem was being addressed, 73% of those that responded stated that it was not. Conclusions Significant numbers of consultants in O&G in the UK are victims of bullying and undermining behaviour that puts their own health and patient care at risk. New interventions to tackle the problem, rather than its consequences, are required urgently, together with greater commitment to supporting such interventions.
    Keywords: Open access, Medical management, Obgyn
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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