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  • Oxford University Press  (87)
  • The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)  (27)
  • The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)  (16)
  • 2015-2019  (130)
  • 1
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    PALLD Regulates Phagocytosis by Enabling Timely Actin Polymerization and Depolymerization [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION] (2017)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-22
    Description: PALLD is an actin cross-linker supporting cellular mechanical tension. However, its involvement in the regulation of phagocytosis, a cellular activity essential for innate immunity and physiological tissue turnover, is unclear. We report that PALLD is highly induced along with all- trans -retinoic acid–induced maturation of myeloid leukemia cells, to promote Ig- or complement-opsonized phagocytosis. PALLD mechanistically facilitates phagocytic receptor clustering by regulating actin polymerization and c-Src dynamic activation during particle binding and early phagosome formation. PALLD is also required at the nascent phagosome to recruit phosphatase oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, which regulates phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis and actin depolymerization to complete phagosome closure. Collectively, our results show a new function for PALLD as a crucial regulator of the early phase of phagocytosis by elaborating dynamic actin polymerization and depolymerization.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 2
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    LincRNA-Cox2 Promotes Late Inflammatory Gene Transcription in Macrophages through Modulating SWI/SNF-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION] (2016)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are long noncoding transcripts (〉200 nt) from the intergenic regions of annotated protein-coding genes. One of the most highly induced lincRNAs in macrophages upon TLR ligation is lincRNA-Cox2, which was recently shown to mediate the activation and repression of distinct classes of immune genes in innate immune cells. We report that lincRNA-Cox2 , located at chromosome 1 proximal to the PG-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( Ptgs2/Cox2 ) gene, is an early-primary inflammatory gene controlled by NF-B signaling in murine macrophages. Functionally, lincRNA-Cox2 is required for the transcription of NF-B–regulated late-primary inflammatory response genes stimulated by bacterial LPS. Specifically, lincRNA-Cox2 is assembled into the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex in cells after LPS stimulation. This resulting lincRNA-Cox2/SWI/SNF complex can modulate the assembly of NF-B subunits to the SWI/SNF complex, and ultimately, SWI/SNF-associated chromatin remodeling and transactivation of the late-primary inflammatory-response genes in macrophages in response to microbial challenge. Therefore, our data indicate a new regulatory role for NF-B–induced lincRNA-Cox2 as a coactivator of NF-B for the transcription of late-primary response genes in innate immune cells through modulation of epigenetic chromatin remodeling.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 3
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    Specific recognition of guanines in non-duplex regions of nucleic acids with potassium tungstate and hydrogen peroxide (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-10
    Description: Structural features of nucleic acids have become an integral part of current biomedical research. Highly selective and readily performed methods with little toxicity that target guanosines in non-duplex nucleic acids are needed, which led us to search for an effective agent for guanosine sequencing. Treatment of DNA or RNA with potassium tungstate and hydrogen peroxide produced damaged guanosines in DNA or RNA sequences. The damaged guanosines in non-duplex DNA could be cleaved by hot piperidine. Similarly, damaged guanosines in non-duplex RNA could be cleaved by aniline acetate. We could identify structural features of nucleic acid using this strategy instead of dimethyl sulphate and Ribonuclease T1.
    Keywords: Nucleic acid structure, Phsyical and Biochemical Characterisation of DNA
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Simultaneous seismic data interpolation and denoising with a new adaptive method based on dreamlet transform (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-29
    Description: Interpolation and random noise removal is a pre-requisite for multichannel techniques because the irregularity and random noise in observed data can affect their performances. Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS) method can better handle seismic data interpolation if the data's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high, while it has difficulty in noisy situations because it inserts the noisy observed seismic data in each iteration. Weighted POCS method can weaken the noise effects, while the performance is affected by the choice of weight factors and is still unsatisfactory. Thus, a new weighted POCS method is derived through the Iterative Hard Threshold (IHT) view, and in order to eliminate random noise, a new adaptive method is proposed to achieve simultaneous seismic data interpolation and denoising based on dreamlet transform. Performances of the POCS method, the weighted POCS method and the proposed method are compared in simultaneous seismic data interpolation and denoising which demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The recovered SNRs confirm that the proposed adaptive method is the most effective among the three methods. Numerical examples on synthetic and real data demonstrate the validity of the proposed adaptive method.
    Keywords: Marine Geosciences and Applied Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 5
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    PET Imaging of Tenascin-C with a Radiolabeled Single-Stranded DNA Aptamer (2015)
    The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-02
    Description: Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed by injured tissues and by various cancers. Recent publications showed that tenascin-C expression by cancer lesions predicts tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, suggesting tenascin-C as a potential therapeutic target. Currently there is no noninvasive method to determine tumoral tenascin-C expression in vivo. To address the need for an agent to image and quantify tenascin-C, we report the development of a radioactive PET tracer based on a tenascin-C–specific single-stranded DNA aptamer (tenascin-C aptamer). Methods: Tenascin-C aptamer was radiolabeled with 18 F and 64 Cu. PET imaging studies for the evaluation of tumor uptake and pharmacokinetics of tenascin-C aptamer were performed in comparison to a nonspecific scrambled aptamer (Sc aptamer). Results: The labeled tenascin-C aptamer provided clear visualization of tenascin-C–positive but not tenascin-C–negative tumors. The uptake of tenascin-C aptamer was significantly higher than that of Sc aptamer in tenascin-C–positive tumors. The labeled tenascin-C aptamer had fast clearance from the blood and other nonspecific organs through the kidneys, resulting in high tumor contrast. Conclusion: Our data suggest that suitably labeled tenascin-C aptamer can be used as a PET tracer to image tumor expression of tenascin-C with a high tumor-to-background ratio and might provide insightful and personalized medical data that will help determine appropriate treatment and monitoring.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3123
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
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  • 6
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    Casein Kinase II Controls TBK1/IRF3 Activation in IFN Response against Viral Infection [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION] (2015)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: By sensing viral nucleic acids, host innate receptors elicit signaling pathways converging on TBK1-IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 axis in mediating IFN-αβ induction and defense mechanisms. In contrast, viruses have evolved with diverse immune evasion/interference mechanisms to undermine innate receptor signaling and IFN response. In this regard, approaches enabling host to overcome such immune evasion/interference mechanisms are urgently needed to combat infections by epidemic/pandemic viruses. In this study, we report that protein kinase CK2 serves as a key component controlling TBK1 and IRF3 activation in IFN-inducing TLR, RIG-I–like receptors, and cGAS/STING signaling pathways. Accordingly, knocking down of CK2 expression or genetic ablation of its kinase activity resulted in elevated IFN-αβ response in response to infection by DNA and RNA viruses. Moreover, PP2A was identified as one of the intermediate phosphatases responsible for CK2-regulated IFN response, suggesting that CK2 may regulate TBK1 and IRF3 activation indirectly. Importantly, blockade of CK2 activity by small molecule inhibitor was able to activate TBK1, whereby eliciting effective host defense mechanisms against hepatitis C virus infection. Taken together, our results identify CK2 as a novel regulator of TBK1 and IRF3 and suggest that targeting CK2 by small molecular inhibitor may be a viable approach to prevent and treat viral infections.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 7
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    Elastic wave finite-difference simulation using discontinuous curvilinear grid with non-uniform time step: two-dimensional case (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: A discontinuous grid finite-difference (FD) method with non-uniform time step Runge–Kutta scheme on curvilinear collocated-grid is developed for seismic wave simulation. We introduce two transition zones: a spatial transition zone and a temporal transition zone, to exchange wavefield across the spatial and temporal discontinuous interfaces. A Gaussian filter is applied to suppress artificial numerical noise caused by down-sampling the wavefield from the finer grid to the coarser grid. We adapt the non-uniform time step Runge–Kutta scheme to a discontinuous grid FD method for further increasing the computational efficiency without losing the accuracy of time marching through the whole simulation region. When the topography is included in the modelling, we carry out the discontinuous grid method on a curvilinear collocated-grid to obtain a sufficiently accurate free-surface boundary condition implementation. Numerical tests show that the proposed method can sufficiently accurately simulate the seismic wave propagation on such grids and significantly reduce the computational resources consumption with respect to regular grids.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Plasma auto-antibodies to angiotensin II receptors are correlated with blood pressure and inflammatory factors in hypertension patients (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-24
    Description: Auto-antibodies against to angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R-AA) have been discovered in patients with hypertension and they have a close relationship with inflammatory factors. However, auto-antibodies to angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT 2 R-AA) are seldom investigated in hypertension. Subjects ( n = 138) were enrolled and divided into three groups according to their blood pressure levels by using the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7) criteria: normotensive (≤120/80 mmHg, n = 31), pre-hypertensive (120–139/80–89 mmHg, n = 39), and hypertensive (≥140/90 mmHg, n = 68) groups. Plasma AT 1 R-AAs and AT 2 R-AAs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and angiotensin II (Ang II) were measured by radioimmunity assay. (i) Plasma AT 1 R-AAs were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), TNF-α, ET-1, and Ang II. (ii) AT 2 R-AAs were negatively correlated with SBP, DBP, MAP, TNF-α, ET-1, Ang II, as well as uric acid and serum creatinine. (iii) TNF-α, ET-1, Ang II (all P 〈 0.01, when compared with the normotensive group), blood uric acid, and serum creatinine (both P 〈 0.05, when compared with the normotensive group) increased with BP level. (iv) Multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, AT 1 R-AAs, AT 2 R-AAs, and ET-1 were independent predictors for SBP. AT 1 R-AAs, AT 2 R-AAs, and ET-1 were independent predictors for DBP. AT 1 R-AAs, AT 2 R-AAs, ET-1, and Ang II were independent predictors for MAP. Plasma AT 1 R-AAs and AT 2 R-AAs play an important role in hypertension progression. AT 2 R-AAs are inversely related to renal dysfunction.
    Print ISSN: 1520-765X
    Electronic ISSN: 1554-2815
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Simultaneous seismic data interpolation and denoising with a new adaptive method based on dreamlet transform (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-27
    Description: Interpolation and random noise removal is a pre-requisite for multichannel techniques because the irregularity and random noise in observed data can affect their performances. Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS) method can better handle seismic data interpolation if the data's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high, while it has difficulty in noisy situations because it inserts the noisy observed seismic data in each iteration. Weighted POCS method can weaken the noise effects, while the performance is affected by the choice of weight factors and is still unsatisfactory. Thus, a new weighted POCS method is derived through the Iterative Hard Threshold (IHT) view, and in order to eliminate random noise, a new adaptive method is proposed to achieve simultaneous seismic data interpolation and denoising based on dreamlet transform. Performances of the POCS method, the weighted POCS method and the proposed method are compared in simultaneous seismic data interpolation and denoising which demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The recovered SNRs confirm that the proposed adaptive method is the most effective among the three methods. Numerical examples on synthetic and real data demonstrate the validity of the proposed adaptive method.
    Keywords: Marine Geosciences and Applied Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 10
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    A possible formation channel for blue hook stars in globular clusters (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: The formation mechanism for blue hook (BHk) stars in globular clusters (GCs) is still unclear. Following one of the possible scenarios, called the late hot flash scenario, we propose that a tidally enhanced stellar wind in binary evolution might provide the huge mass loss on the red giant branch (RGB) and produce BHk stars. Employing the detailed stellar evolution code mesa (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics), we have investigated the contributions of tidally enhanced stellar wind as a possible formation channel for BHk stars in GCs. We evolved the primary stars with different initial orbital periods using the binary module in mesa (version 6208) from the zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) to the post-horizontal branch (HB) stage, and obtained their evolution parameters, which are compared with the observation. The results are consistent with observations in the colour–magnitude diagram and the log g – T eff plane for NGC 2808, which is an example GC hosting BHk stars. However, the helium abundance in the surface for our models is higher than the one obtained in BHk stars. This discrepancy between our models and observations is possibly due to the fact that gravitational settling and radiative levitation, which are common processes in hot HB stars, are not considered in the models as well as the fact that the flash mixing efficiency might be overestimated in the calculations. Our results suggest that tidally enhanced stellar wind in binary evolution is able to naturally provide the huge mass loss on the RGB needed for the late hot flash scenario, and it is a possible and reasonable formation channel for BHk stars in GCs.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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