GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • MDPI AG  (10)
  • 2015-2019  (10)
Material
Publisher
  • MDPI AG  (10)
Person/Organisation
Language
Years
  • 2015-2019  (10)
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sociocultural Impacts of Tourism on Residents of World Cultural Heritage Sites in China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2019-02-06), p. 840-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2019-02-06), p. 840-
    Abstract: The development of tourism induces changes in the social character of a destination. Tourism is a globalized business activity and thus presents growing challenges in terms of traditional social culture. With the continuous development of the tourism industry, traditional social culture has changed dramatically at many World Heritage sites (WHSs). Additionally, the growing dependence of many regions’ economies on the tourism industry has brought about an inexorable shift in the perception of many rural residents. These transformations include the impact of tourism development and its economic efficiency on inhabitants’ traditional values, lifestyles, and interpersonal relationship in ancient villages serving as WHSs. A qualitative analysis including participatory in-depth interviews was conducted to compare changes in the social culture induced by tourism development at the WHS comprising three ancient villages in China. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis was chosen to examine the impact of tourism development on residents’ perceptions of changes in moral values. The results demonstrate that tourism development is the major catalyst for change in local residents’ moral values.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11030840
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Solution Deposition Process on Modulating Majority Charge Carrier Type and Quality of Perovskite Thin Films for Solar Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2019-08-06), p. 2494-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2019-08-06), p. 2494-
    Abstract: In the past ten years, extensive research has witnessed the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and diversified preparation processing craft. At present, the most widely used methods of preparing perovskite solar cells are the one-step method and the two-step method. The main work of this paper is to study the effect of the solution deposition process on the quality of perovskite thin films, as well as modulating majority charge carrier types. Perovskite film was prepared in air by designing different processes, which were then adequately analyzed with corresponding methods. It was demonstrated that the preparation process plays a crucial role in modulating the type of majority carrier and in achieving high-quality perovskite thin film. The one-step prepared perovskite layer is enriched in MA+, leading to a P type majority carrier type thin film. The two-step prepared perovskite layer is enriched in Pb2+, leading to a N type majority carrier type thin film. In addition, we found that the one-step method caused PbI2 residue due to component segregation, which seriously affects the interface and film quality of the perovskite layer. This work aims to modulate the majority carrier type of perovskite film through different preparation processes, which can lay the foundation for the study of homojunction perovskite solar cells to improve the device performance of PSCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12152494
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relationship between Serum Bilirubin and Elevated Fibrotic Indices among HBV Carriers: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Chinese Population
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2016-12-09), p. 2057-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2016-12-09), p. 2057-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122057
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applied Trace Alkali Metal Elements for Semiconductor Property Modulation of Perovskite Thin Films
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2019-11-07), p. 4039-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2019-11-07), p. 4039-
    Abstract: With the rapid consumption of energy, clean solar energy has become a key study and development subject, especially the when new renewable energy perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are involved. The doping method is a common means to modulate the properties of perovskite film. The main work of this paper is to incorporate trace amounts of alkali metal elements into the perovskite layer and observe the effects on the properties of the perovskite device and the majority carrier type of the perovskite film. Comparative analysis was performed by doping with Na+, K+, and Rb+ or using undoped devices in the perovskite layer. The results show that the incorporation of alkali metal ions into the perovskite layer has an important effect on the majority carrier type of the perovskite film. The majority carrier type of the undoped perovskite layer is N-type, and the majority carrier type of the perovskite layer doped with the alkali metal element is P-type. The carrier concentration of perovskite films is increased by at least two orders of magnitude after doping. That is to say, we can control the majority of the carrier type of the perovskite layer by controlling the doping subjectively. This will provide strong support for the development of future homojunction perovskite solar cells. This is of great help to improve the performance of PSC devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224039
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Delay Time before Annealing MAI-PbI2-DMSO Intermediate Phase on Perovskite Film Quality and Photo-Physical Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Crystals Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2019-03-14), p. 151-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2019-03-14), p. 151-
    Abstract: High-performance perovskite solar cells are strongly dependent on the quality of the perovskite layer. Two-step sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films is widely used to fabricate perovskite solar cells and many factors influence the quality of perovskite films, such as the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase, which would impact the morphology and photo-physical properties of perovskite thin films. Here, the experimental research indicates that the impact of the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase on the quality, crystallinity, and photo-physical properties of perovskite film is crucial. During the delay process, the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase plays an important role in the nucleation process of perovskite grains inside the intermediate phase. With the extension of the delay time before annealing, the quality of the perovskite film deteriorates, thus the photo-physical properties change. We found that after the localized liquid–liquid diffusion of MAI and PbI2, with the extension of the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase, the nucleation number of the perovskite grains increases and the grain size becomes smaller. Therefore, with the extension of the delay time before annealing, the device performance deteriorates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst9030151
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of K+ Doping on Modulating Majority Charge Carrier Type and Quality of Perovskite Thin Films by Two-step Solution Method for Solar Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Coatings Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-06), p. 647-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-06), p. 647-
    Abstract: Traditional hetero-junction perovskite solar cells are composed of light-absorbing layers, charge carrier-transporting layers, and electrodes. Recently, a few papers on homo-junction perovskite solar cells have been studied. Here, we studied the effect of K+ doping on TiO2/PbI2 interface quality, perovskite film morphology, photo-physical properties, and majority carrier type. In particular, the K+ extrinsic doping can modulate the majority carrier type of the perovskite thin film. The study indicated that the interface between the perovskite layer and the TiO2 layer deteriorates with the increase of K+ doping concentration, affecting the electron transport ability from the perovskite film to the TiO2 layer and the photo-physical properties of the perovskite layer by K+ doping. In addition, the majority charge carrier type of perovskite thin films can be changed from n-type to p-type after K+ extrinsic doping, and the corresponding hole concentration increased to 1012 cm−3. This approach of modulating the majority charge carrier type of perovskite thin film will pave the way for the investigation of perovskite homo-junction by extrinsic doping for solar cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings9100647
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation of Radiation Damage for Silicon Drift Detector
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2019-04-13), p. 1767-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2019-04-13), p. 1767-
    Abstract: Silicon drift detector with high sensitivity and energy resolution is an advanced detector which is suitable to be used in deep space detection. To study and reveal the radiation damage of the silicon drift detector (SDD) in a deep-space environment, which will degrade the detector performance, in this paper, the SDD radiation damage effects and mechanics, including displacement damage and ionization damage, for irradiations of different energy of neutrons and gammas are investigated using Geant4 simulation. The results indicate the recoil atoms distribution generated by neutrons in SDD is uniform, and recoil atoms’ energy is mainly in the low energy region. For secondary particles produced by neutron irradiation, a large energy loss in inelastic scattering and fission reactions occur, and neutron has a significant nuclear reaction. The energy deposition caused by gammas irradiation is linear with the thickness of SDD; the secondary electron energy distribution produced by gamma irradiation is from several eV to incident particle energy. As the scattering angle of secondary electron increases, the number of secondary electrons decreases. Therefore, a reasonable detector epitaxial thickness should be set in the anti-irradiation design of SDD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19081767
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ranking Chinese SMEs Green Manufacturing Drivers Using a Novel Hybrid Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Model
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-07-29), p. 2661-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-07-29), p. 2661-
    Abstract: While the rapid development of Chinese manufacturing SMEs has contributed significantly to economic growth, it has also resulted in environmental pollution and resource abuse problems. To resolve these problems, Chinese manufacturing SMEs need to accelerate their implementation of comprehensive green manufacturing (GM); However, this is a complex and arduous task as it involves government, enterprise and societal considerations. Therefore, it is has become imperative to identify Chinese manufacturing SMEs green drivers. Focusing on the current situation in China and using a combination of previous research and expert views, this paper comprehensively examines the development of SMEs in China to deconstruct the green driver dimensions. The identified drivers are then evaluated using a novel hybrid multi-criterion decision-making methods (MCDM), the evaluation criteria weights calculated using fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy TOPSIS employed to rank the green drivers. It was found that technology innovation, customer demand, incentives, regulations, supply chain pressure and public pressure were the most significant drivers for the implementation of GM in Chinese manufacturing SMEs. Finally, some managerial implications are given to assist the government, enterprises and the public focus on a few crucial drivers to ensure that the green transformation of Chinese manufacturing SMEs is scientific and efficient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10082661
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Air Quality in Ningbo and Transport Trajectory Characteristics of Primary Pollutants in Autumn and Winter
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2019-03-05), p. 120-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2019-03-05), p. 120-
    Abstract: By using meteorology and pollution observation data from Zhejiang province, and data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s Global Data Assimilation System from 1 June 2013, to 31 May 2016, we analyzed air quality characteristics in Ningbo and applied the HYSPLIT model to do backward trajectory clustering statistics for pollution cases of moderate, heavy and severe (henceforth referred to as moderate-and-above) levels. The results indicated that the percentage of moderate-and-above pollution was approximately 6%, which mostly occurred from November to February, with the primary pollutant being particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm; Moderate-and-above pollution was mainly caused by pollutants from three types of trajectories (type mx, type 1, and type 2), with type 2 differing significantly from types 1 and mx. Type 2 occurred in stable boundary layers, whereas types mx and 1 occurred in unstable and conditionally unstable layers respectively. These three trajectory types were all related to cold air, but type 2 was weaker than the other two. Analysis of typical cases of various pollution types revealed that a heavy pollution outbreak was due to continuous superposition of pollutants. The input particles most likely originated from the northwest. The upstream situation was the focus of investigation to assist in local pollution forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos10030120
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Online IMU Self-Calibration for Visual-Inertial Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2019-04-04), p. 1624-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2019-04-04), p. 1624-
    Abstract: Low-cost microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS)-based inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements are usually affected by inaccurate scale factors, axis misalignments, and g-sensitivity errors. These errors may significantly influence the performance of visual-inertial methods. In this paper, we propose an online IMU self-calibration method for visual-inertial systems equipped with a low-cost inertial sensor. The goal of our method is to concurrently perform 3D pose estimation and online IMU calibration based on optimization methods in unknown environments without any external equipment. To achieve this goal, we firstly develop a novel preintegration method that can handle the IMU intrinsic parameters error propagation. Then, we frame IMU calibration problem into general factors so that we can easily integrate the factors into the current graph-based visual-inertial frameworks and jointly optimize the IMU intrinsic parameters as well as the system states in a big bundle. We evaluate the proposed method with a publicly available dataset. Experimental results verify that the proposed approach is able to accurately calibrate all the considered parameters in real time, leading to significant improvement of estimation precision of visual-inertial system (VINS) compared with the estimation results with offline precalibrated IMU measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19071624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...