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  • MDPI AG  (71)
  • 2015-2019  (71)
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  • MDPI AG  (71)
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  • 2015-2019  (71)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Glycemic Index of Breakfast on Energy Intake at Subsequent Meal among Healthy People: A Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2016-01-04), p. 37-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2016-01-04), p. 37-
    Abstract: Meals with low glycemic index (GI) may suppress short-term appetite and reduce subsequent food intake compared with high-GI meals. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to synthesize the evidence. This meta-analytic study was conducted to assess the effect of high- and low-GI breakfast on subsequent short-term food intake. Trials were identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, and manual searches of bibliographies until May 2015. Randomized controlled and cross-over trials comparing the effect of low- with high-GI breakfast on subsequent energy intake among healthy people were included. Nine studies consisting of 11 trials met the inclusion criteria. Only one trial was classified with high methodological quality. A total of 183 participants were involved in the trials. The meta-analytic results revealed no difference in breakfast GI (high-GI vs. low-GI) on subsequent short-term energy intake. In conclusion, it seems that breakfast GI has no effect on short-term energy intake among healthy people. However, high quality studies are still warranted to provide more concrete evidence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu8010037
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    eEF1A Interacts with the NS5A Protein and Inhibits the Growth of Classical Swine Fever Virus
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Viruses Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2015-08-10), p. 4563-4581
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2015-08-10), p. 4563-4581
    Abstract: The NS5A protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is involved in the RNA synthesis and viral replication. However, the NS5A-interacting cellular proteins engaged in the CSFV replication are poorly defined. Using yeast two-hybrid screen, the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) was identified to be an NS5A-binding partner. The NS5A–eEF1A interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown and laser confocal microscopy assays. The domain I of eEF1A was shown to be critical for the NS5A–eEF1A interaction. Overexpression of eEF1A suppressed the CSFV growth markedly, and conversely, knockdown of eEF1A enhanced the CSFV replication significantly. Furthermore, eEF1A, as well as NS5A, was found to reduce the translation efficiency of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of CSFV in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay. Streptavidin pulldown assay revealed that eEF1A could bind to the CSFV IRES. Collectively, our results suggest that eEF1A interacts with NS5A and negatively regulates the growth of CSFV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v7082833
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raw Garlic Consumption and Risk of Liver Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Eastern China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-31), p. 2038-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-31), p. 2038-
    Abstract: Although the major risk factors for liver cancer have been established, preventive factors for liver cancer have not been fully explored. We evaluated the association between raw garlic consumption and liver cancer in a large population-based case-control study in Eastern China. The study was conducted in Jiangsu, China, from 2003 to 2010. A total of 2011 incident liver cancer cases and 7933 randomly selected population-controls were interviewed. Epidemiological data including raw garlic intake and other exposures were collected, and serum markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were assayed. Overall, eating raw garlic twice or more per week was inversely associated with liver cancer, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–0.96) compared to those ingesting no raw garlic or less than twice per week. In stratified analyses, high intake of raw garlic was inversely associated with liver cancer among Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative individuals, frequent alcohol drinkers, those having history of eating mold-contaminated food or drinking raw water, and those without family history of liver cancer. Marginal interactions on an additive scale were observed between low raw garlic intake and HBsAg positivity (attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) = 0.31, 95% CI: -0.01–0.62) and heavy alcohol drinking (AP = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.00–0.57). Raw garlic consumption is inversely associated with liver cancer. Such an association shed some light on the potential etiologic role of garlic intake on liver cancer, which in turn might provide a possible dietary intervention to reduce liver cancer in Chinese population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11092038
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Extensive Changes in LncRNAs during Skeletal Muscle Development in Hu Sheep
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Genes Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 191-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 191-
    Abstract: As an important type of noncoding RNA molecules, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as versatile players in various biological processes. However, little is known about lncRNA regulators during sheep muscle growth. To explore functional lncRNAs during sheep muscle growth, we systematically investigated lncRNAs using strand-specific Ribo-Zero RNA sequencing at three key developmental stages in Hu sheep. A total of 6924 lncRNAs were obtained, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes were screened from (control vs. experiment) fetus vs. lamb, lamb vs. adult, and fetus vs. adult comparisons, respectively. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis results correlated well with the sequencing data. Moreover, functional annotation analysis based on the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases showed that the target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were significantly enriched in organ morphogenesis, skeletal system development as well as response to stimulus and some other terms related to muscle. Furthermore, a co-expression network of the differentially expressed target genes and lncRNAs was constructed and well-known muscle growth regulators such as retrotransposon-like 1 and Junctophilin-2 were included. Finally, we investigated the expression profiles of seven lncRNAs and their target genes, and found that they played vital roles in muscle growth. This study extends the sheep muscle lncRNA database and provides novel candidate regulators for future genetic and molecular studies on sheep muscle growth, which is helpful for optimizing the production of mutton.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes8080191
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resistive Switching Characteristics of HfO2 Thin Films on Mica Substrates Prepared by Sol-Gel Process
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2019-08-04), p. 1124-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2019-08-04), p. 1124-
    Abstract: The resistive switching (RS) characteristics of flexible films deposited on mica substrates have rarely been reported upon, especially flexible HfO2 films. A novel flexible Au/HfO2/Pt/mica resistive random access memory device was prepared by a sol-gel process, and a Au/HfO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) device was also prepared for comparison. The HfO2 thin films were grown into the monoclinic phase by the proper annealing process at 700 °C, demonstrated by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction patterns. The ratio of high/low resistance (off/on) reached 1000 and 50 for the two devices, respectively, being relatively stable for the former but not for the latter. The great difference in ratios for the two devices may have been caused by different concentrations of the oxygen defect obtained by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicating composition and chemical state of the HfO2 thin films. The conduction mechanism was dominated by Ohm’s law in the low resistance state, while in high resistance state, Ohmic conduction, space charge limited conduction (SCLC), and trap-filled SCLC conducted together.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9081124
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seven New Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from a Marine-Derived Fungus Paraconiothyrium sporulosum YK-03
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2019-05-10), p. 1817-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2019-05-10), p. 1817-
    Abstract: Seven new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, namely the sporulositols A–D (1–4), 6-hydroxydiaporol (5), seco-sporulositol (6) and sporuloside (7) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of fermentation broth for a marine-derived fungus Paraconiothyrium sporulosum YK-03. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of extensive spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were established by crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and comparisons of circular dichroism data. Among them, sporulositols A–E (1–4) and seco-sporulositol (6) represent the first five examples of a unique class of drimanic mannitol derivatives, while compounds 6 and 7 may represent two new series of natural drimanes, possessing an aromatic ring with a rare 4,5-secodrimanic skeleton and an unusual CH3-15 rearranged drimanic α-D-glucopyranside, respectively. Furthermore, the origin of mannitol moiety was investigated by reliable HPLC and NMR analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091817
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Functional Analysis of FgNahG Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Toxins Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2019-01-22), p. 59-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2019-01-22), p. 59-
    Abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) is a key defense hormone associated with wheat resistance against Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Although F. graminearum can metabolize SA, it remains unclear how this metabolic activity affects the wheat–F. graminearum interaction. In this study, we identified a salicylate hydroxylase gene (FG05_08116; FgNahG) in F. graminearum. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the conversion of SA to catechol. Additionally, FgNahG was widely distributed within hyphae. Disrupting the FgNahG gene (ΔFgNahG) led to enhanced sensitivity to SA, increased accumulation of SA in wheat spikes during the early infection stage and inhibited development of head blight symptoms. However, FgNahG did not affect mycotoxin production. Re-introducing a functional FgNahG gene into the ΔFgNahG mutant recovered the wild-type phenotype. Moreover, the expression of FgNahG in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the SA concentration and the resistance of leaves to F. graminearum. These results indicate that the endogenous SA in wheat influences the resistance against F. graminearum. Furthermore, the capacity to metabolize SA is an important factor affecting the ability of F. graminearum to infect wheat plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Control Method Based on Demand Response Needs of Isolated Bus Regulation with Series-Resonant Converters for Residential Photovoltaic Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Energies Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2017-05-27), p. 752-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2017-05-27), p. 752-
    Abstract: Considering the effects of isolation and high efficiency, a series-resonant DC-DC converter (L-L-C type, with two inductors and a capacitor) has been introduced into a residential photovoltaic (PV) generation and storage system in this work, and a voltage gain curve upwarp drifting problem was found. In this paper, the reason of upwarp drifting in the voltage gain curve is given, and a new changing topological control method to solve the voltage regulation problem under light load conditions is proposed. Firstly, the ideal and actual first harmonic approximation (FHA) models are given, and this drifting problem is ascribed to the multiple peaks of higher-order resonance between resonant tank and parasitic capacitors. Then the paper presents the pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) driver signals control method to translate the full-bridge LLC into a half-bridge LLC converter, and with this method the voltage gain could easily be reduced by half. Based on this method, the whole voltage and resonant current sharing control methods in on-line and off-line mode are proposed. The parameters design and optimization methods are also discussed in detail. Finally, a residential PV system platform based on the proposed parallel 7-kW full-bridge LLC converter is built to verify the proposed control method and theoretical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en10060752
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Approach to the Uniform Dispersion of Graphene Nanosheets in Powder Metallurgy Nickel-Based Superalloy
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2019-03-24), p. 974-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2019-03-24), p. 974-
    Abstract: In this paper, a wet-chemical based method was adopted to acquire the uniform dispersion of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) in a powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy (FGH96) to fabricate a new GNSs reinforced FGH96 metal matrix composite. The surface of the FGH96 powder was modified using a hydrophilic surfactant named polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which has good wettability and strong hydrogen bonding between the –OH groups of PVA and oxygen groups of GNSs such as –COOH, –CHO, and –OH. It was shown that the GNSs displayed much better dispersion uniformity on the PVA modified FGH96 powder than the unmodified one. The existence of PVA improved the adsorptive capacity of the GNSs attached on the powder surface and prevented the agglomeration in the following thermal preparation process. Consequently, the micro-hardness of PVA modified composite with 0.1 wt.% GNSs reached 497.9 HV, 3.4% higher than the unmodified FGH96 alloy. Therefore, this preparation process could act as the foundation of a common strategy for the fabrication of GNSs in metal matrix composites with good dispersion uniformity, which may have great potential application in aerospace applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12060974
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Biochar Is Comparable to Dicyandiamide in the Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Camellia oleifera Abel. Fields
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Forests Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-11-27), p. 1076-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-11-27), p. 1076-
    Abstract: Research Highlights: Intensive nitrogen (N) application for agricultural purposes has substantially increased soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Agricultural soil has great potential in the reduction of N2O emissions, and applications of biochar and nitrification inhibitors may be useful for mitigating agricultural soil N2O emissions. Background and Objectives: Camellia oleifera Abel. is an important woody oil plant in China. However, intensive N input in C. oleifera silviculture has increased the risk of soil N2O emissions. As an important greenhouse gas, N2O is characterized by a global warming potential at a 100-year scale that is 265 times that of carbon dioxide. Thus, mitigation of soil N2O emissions, especially fertilized soils, will be crucial for reducing climate change. Materials and Methods: Here, we conducted an in situ study over 12 months to examine the effects of C. oleifera fruit shell-derived biochar and dicyandiamide (DCD) on soil N2O emissions from a C. oleifera field with intensive N application. Results: A three-fold increase of cumulative soil N2O emissions was observed following N application. Cumulative N2O emissions from the field with N fertilization were reduced by 36% and 44% with biochar and DCD, respectively. While N2O emissions were slightly deceased by biochar, the decrease was comparable to that by DCD. Conclusions: Results indicated that biochar may mitigate soil N2O emissions substantially and similarly to DCD under specific conditions. This result should be examined by prolonged and multi-site studies before it can be generalized to broader scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f10121076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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