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  • MDPI AG  (15)
  • 2015-2019  (15)
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  • MDPI AG  (15)
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  • 2015-2019  (15)
Year
  • 1
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-04-28), p. 290-
    Abstract: To effectively control the critical thickness of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film and enhance the sensitivity characteristics of the fiber pressure sensor, we propose a new method to optimize the thickness of the PDMS film in a fiber tube. It is characterized by analyzing the relationship between the diffusion rate of the PDMS and its viscosity, and using an oven to solidify the PDMS to a certain extent to accurately control the diffusion rate and diffusion length of the PDMS in the fiber tube. We also used multiple transfer methods to control the volume of the PDMS in the fiber tube to minimize the thickness of the formed PDMS film. Fabry-Perot interference occurs when the surface of the PDMS film layer filled into the fiber tube and the adjacent single mode fiber/fiber tube form a joint surface. This method forms a new fiber-optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor that is very sensitive to external pressure parameters. The experimental results show that the optimized film thickness will be reduced to an order of 20 μm. Correspondingly, the fiber-optic pressure sensor has a sensitivity of up to 100 pm/kPa, which is about 100 times that reported in the literature. The structure also has better resistance to temperature interference. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study of the effects of the PDMS viscosity coefficient, diffusion rate, and fiber pressure sensitivity in fiber. The film thickness optimization method has some advantages, including a low cost, good controllability, and good application value in high sensitivity pressure and sound wave detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2018-08-13), p. 2015-
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2018-08-13), p. 2015-
    Abstract: The oxidation of cefalexin (CFX), a commonly used cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated by permanganate (PM) in water. Apparent second-order rate constant of the reaction between CFX and PM was determined to be 12.71 ± (1.62) M−1·s−1 at neutral pH. Lower pH was favorable for the oxidation of CFX by PM. The presence of Cl− and HCO3− could enhance PM-induced oxidation of CFX, whereas HA had negligible effect on CFX oxidation by PM. PM-induced oxidation of CFX was also significant in the real wastewater matrix. After addition of bisulfite (BS), PM-induced oxidation was significantly accelerated owing to the generation of Mn(III) reactive species. Product analysis indicated oxidation of CFX to three products, with two stereoisomeric sulfoxide products and one di-ketone product. The thioether sulfur and double bond on the six-membered ring were the reactive sites towards PM oxidation. Antibacterial activity assessment indicated that the activity of CFX solution was significantly reduced after PM oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-06-26), p. 915-
    Abstract: Intermediate phase is considered an important aspect to deeply understand the crystallization procedure in the growth of high-quality perovskite layers by an anti-solvent technique. However, the moisture influence on the intermediate phase formation is not clear in air conditions as yet. In this work, pure (FA0.2MA1.8)Pb3X8(DMSO·DMF) intermediate phase was obtained in as-prepared perovskite film by spin-coating the precursor of co-solvent (DMSO and DMF) in an ambient air (RH20–30%). Moreover, the appropriate quantity of ethyl acetate (C4H8O2, EA) also controls the formation of pure intermediate phase. The uniform and homogeneous perovskite film was obtained after annealing this intermediate film. Therefore, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is 16.24% with an average PCE of 15.53%, of which almost 86% of its initial PCE was preserved after 30 days in air conditions. Besides, the steady-state output efficiency ups to 15.38% under continuous illumination. In addition, the PCE of large area device (100 mm2) reaches 11.11% with a little hysteresis effect. This work would give an orientation for PSCs production at the commercial level, which could lower the cost of fabricating the high efficiency PSCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Entropy Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2018-10-11), p. 778-
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2018-10-11), p. 778-
    Abstract: The bulk high-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit similar deformation behaviours as traditional metals. These bulk behaviours are likely an averaging of the behaviours exhibited at the nanoscale. Herein, in situ atomic-scale observation of deformation behaviours in nanoscaled CoCrCuFeNi face-centred cubic (FCC) HEA was performed. The deformation behaviours of this nanoscaled FCC HEA (i.e., nanodisturbances and phase transformations) were distinct from those of nanoscaled traditional FCC metals and corresponding bulk HEA. First-principles calculations revealed an obvious fluctuation of the stacking fault energy and stability difference at the atomic scale in the HEA. The stability difference was highlighted only in the nanoscaled HEA and induced unconventional deformation behaviours. Our work suggests that the nanoscaled HEA may provide more chances to discover the long-expected essential distinction between the HEAs and traditional metals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2017-09-21), p. 1681-
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2017-09-21), p. 1681-
    Abstract: Livability is the ultimate goal of city development. However, the question of whether the changing pattern of a city’s livability follows a certain rule or not has seldom been argued. To address the question, three cities, including New York, Tokyo, and Shanghai are selected for case studies. Based on a proposed assessment framework, the long-term trend and determinants of three cities’ livability are quantified and investigated. The results suggest that the livability of three cities demonstrates a similar changing pattern during the last decades, with the level going through a three-staged N-curve development, increasing at the beginning, then declining in the mid-term, and rebounding afterward. It implies that the staged development rule should be followed when constructing a livable city. Efforts should be targeted towards the most underlying aspects in different periods. The empirical analysis of the three cities ascertains the existence of a development rule regarding livability, and suggests many potential uses for decision-making support.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-12-12), p. 2312-
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-12-12), p. 2312-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2018-11-28), p. 4459-
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2018-11-28), p. 4459-
    Abstract: A better understanding of the urban spatial interaction is important for optimizing the spatial structure and layout of urban agglomeration (UA). We develop a crawler program to compile online big data for urban spatial interaction analysis. Differing from the previous studies, vectorial, realistic, and high spatiotemporal resolution inter-city, bus-passenger-flow big data instead of statistical and modeled data are used for urban spatial interaction analysis. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is selected as a case study region to test the big data approach and to gain insights into the cities’ interaction in China’s largest UA. The results testified the superiorities of the big-data method over the traditional gravity model, confirmed some phenomena discussed or mentioned in the literature and regional plans regarding the urban interaction in YRD, derived policy implications for enhancing the sustainability of UA, and suggested some potentials for improving the limitations of the big-data method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Electronics Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-07-26), p. 833-
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-07-26), p. 833-
    Abstract: Recently, supervised deep super-resolution (SR) networks have achieved great success in both accuracy and texture generation. However, most methods train in the dataset with a fixed kernel (such as bicubic) between high-resolution images and their low-resolution counterparts. In real-life applications, pictures are always disturbed with additional artifacts, e.g., non-ideal point-spread function in old film photos, and compression loss in cellphone photos. How to generate a satisfactory SR image from the specific prior single low-resolution (LR) image is still a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised method named unsupervised single-image SR with multi-gram loss (UMGSR) to overcome the dilemma. There are two significant contributions in this paper: (a) we design a new architecture for extracting more information from limited inputs by combining the local residual block and two-step global residual learning; (b) we introduce the multi-gram loss for SR task to effectively generate better image details. Experimental comparison shows that our unsupervised method in normal conditions can attain better visual results than other supervised SR methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 9
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-04-26), p. 485-
    Abstract: A NbTiHfZr high-entropy alloy (HEA) with a main phase of body-centered cubic structure is fabricated. Some hexagonal closed-packed (hcp) precipitates are observed in this alloy. A thermal-mechanical process, i.e., cold-rolling followed by annealing, can manipulate the volume fraction of the hcp nano-precipitates that can enhance strength and ductility. The enhancement is tailorable as a function of the volume fraction of the hcp nano-precipitate. The results indicate that the strength-ductility property can be manipulated via adjusting post-deformation heat-treatment methods, which provide a new strategy by utilizing metastability at high-temperature to design high strength refractory HEAs (RHEAs) without lost in ductility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Coatings Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-12-15), p. 860-
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-12-15), p. 860-
    Abstract: The current study pertains to the self-cleaning nanoscale coating of graphene/polymer nanohybrid system for the separation of oil–water mixture. Using a single nanohybrid system, we have developed a two-stage process for the selective removal of the hydrocarbons. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and separation efficiency are determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Analysis of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the two stage samples is carried out by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis shows the reduction in TPHs from 290 ppm to less than 1 ppm and more than 99.5% separation efficiency (oil removal from oil–water mixture) is achieved. No polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in the treated water.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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