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  • 2015-2019  (76)
  • 1925-1929  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 17 (1925), S. 1169-1169 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 20 (1928), S. 552-552 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    University of Wyoming, Department of Renewable Resources | Laramie, Wyoming
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Institutional, environmental, and economic factors are affecting water quality and quantity within the River Njoro, a major tributary to Lake Nakuru. Between 1979 and 1999, the population within the Njoro watershed greatly increased, from 270,912 people to 413,698 spurring large-scale land use change and increased pressure on watershed resources. In 2003, the USAID funded, Sustainable Management of Rural Watersheds Project (SUMAWA) implemented participatory rural appraisals in the Njoro watershed to identify water use and other resource concerns within the area. Local residents identified two main concerns: 1) lower water quality and associated increases in water borne diseases and 2) reduced access to water and lack of improved water supplies related in part to reduced water quantity. Preliminary results suggest that the hydrologic response within the watershed has been altered to favor increased annual runoff with higher intensity and longer dry spells (Baldyga, 2005). Forest conversion to small-scale agriculture reduces canopy cover, thus exposing soils. If rainfall rates exceed infiltration rates, water once intercepted by the forest canopy contributes to flow flashiness and altered flow regimes. In turn, this may affect the recharge timing of Lake Nakuru.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: GIS ; Water quality ; Fishery institutions ; Water use ; Watersheds ; Lake basins ; Environmental impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 9pp.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Njoro Watershed, typical of the semi-arid basins in the Rift Valley of Kenya, is undergoing a new phase of rapid land use change in the uplands portion of the watershed, and on-going significant growth in both rural and urban populations. Considerable negative environmental impacts are occurring, in particular to the quantity and quality of river water. Domestic, livestock, commercial, industrial, and institutional water users in the basin are affected, as well as important downstream habitat in Lake Nakuru, a large shallow saline lake designated a Ramsar wetlands site of international importance. In response to these concerns, a joint US-Kenyan multidisciplinary applied research project called Sustainable Management of Watersheds Collaborative Research Support Program (SUMAWA-CRSP) was established. SUMAWA aims, over the next 3-5 years, to demonstrate improved and integrated management of water and environmental resources in the Njoro Watershed through local stakeholder participation and action supported by scientific information and analyses. Preliminary results from elements of the SUMAWA planned process for stakeholder participation in management of the Njoro Watershed are presented. A mixture of participatory methods, discussion forums, awareness-raising activities, and local capacity building are being undertaken to address some of the challenges involved in engaging local stakeholders and communities in watershed action planning. The first phase of activities adapts Participatory Rural Appraisal methods to assess local residents’ interests in and perceptions of the current condition of river water quality and quantity, of problems and their causes, and opportunities for local action in six different communities along the length of the watershed.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water management ; River basin management ; Water resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.1-10 [10pp]
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15 (4). pp. 1783-1794.
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Air-sea dimethylsulfide (DMS) fluxes and bulk air-sea gradients were measured over the Southern Ocean in February-March 2012 during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study. The cruise encountered three distinct phytoplankton bloom regions, consisting of two blooms with moderate DMS levels, and a high biomass, dinoflagellate-dominated bloom with high seawater DMS levels (〉 15 nM). Gas transfer coefficients were considerably scattered at wind speeds above 5 m s-1. Bin averaging the data resulted in a linear relationship between wind speed and mean gas transfer velocity consistent with that previously observed. However, the wind-speed-binned gas transfer data distribution at all wind speeds is positively skewed. The flux and seawater DMS distributions were also positively skewed, which suggests that eddy covariance-derived gas transfer velocities are consistently influenced by additional, log-normal noise. A flux footprint analysis was conducted during a transect into the prevailing wind and through elevated DMS levels in the dinoflagellate bloom. Accounting for the temporal/spatial separation between flux and seawater concentration significantly reduces the scatter in computed transfer velocity. The SOAP gas transfer velocity data show no obvious modification of the gas transfer-wind speed relationship by biological activity or waves. This study highlights the challenges associated with eddy covariance gas transfer measurements in biologically active and heterogeneous bloom environments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia remain the leading causes of preterm infant morbidity, mortality, and lifelong disability. Research to improve outcomes requires translational large animal models for RDS. Preterm pigs delivered by caesarian section at gestation days (GD) 98 , 100 , 102 , and 104 were provided 24 h of neonatal intensive care, monitoring (pulse oximetry, blood gases, serum biomarkers, radiography), and nutritional support, with or without intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV; pressure control ventilation with volume guarantee). Spontaneous development of RDS and mortality without MV are inversely related with GD at delivery and correspond with inadequacy of tidal volume and gas exchange. GD 98 and 100 pigs have consolidated lungs, immature alveolar architecture, and minimal surfactant protein-B expression, and MV is essential at GD 98. Although GD 102 pigs had some alveoli lined by pneumocytes and surfactant was released in response to MV, blood gases and radiography revealed limited recruitment 1–2 h after delivery, and mortality at 24 h was 66% (35/53) with supplemental oxygen provided by a mask and 69% (9/13) with bubble continuous positive airway pressure (8–9 cmH 2 O). The lungs at GD 104 had higher densities of thin-walled alveoli that secreted surfactant, and MV was not essential. Between GD 98 and 102, preterm pigs have ventilation inadequacies and risks of RDS that mimic those of preterm infants born during the saccular phase of lung development, are compatible with standards of neonatal intensive care, and are alternative to fetal nonhuman primates and lambs.
    Print ISSN: 1040-0605
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1504
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: Background— Fetal hypoxia has been implicated in the abnormal brain development seen in newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD). New magnetic resonance imaging technology now offers the potential to investigate the relationship between fetal hemodynamics and brain dysmaturation. Methods and Results— We measured fetal brain size, oxygen saturation, and blood flow in the major vessels of the fetal circulation in 30 late-gestation fetuses with CHD and 30 normal controls using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and T2 mapping. Fetal hemodynamic parameters were calculated from a combination of magnetic resonance imaging flow and oximetry data and fetal hemoglobin concentrations estimated from population averages. In fetuses with CHD, reductions in umbilical vein oxygen content ( P 〈0.001) and failure of the normal streaming of oxygenated blood from the placenta to the ascending aorta were associated with a mean reduction in ascending aortic saturation of 10% ( P 〈0.001), whereas cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen extraction were no different from those in controls. This accounted for the mean 15% reduction in cerebral oxygen delivery ( P =0.08) and 32% reduction cerebral V o 2 in CHD fetuses ( P 〈0.001), which were associated with a 13% reduction in fetal brain volume ( P 〈0.001). Fetal brain size correlated with ascending aortic oxygen saturation and cerebral V o 2 ( r =0.37, P =0.004). Conclusions— This study supports a direct link between reduced cerebral oxygenation and impaired brain growth in fetuses with CHD and raises the possibility that in utero brain development could be improved with maternal oxygen therapy.
    Keywords: CT and MRI, Pediatric and congenital heart disease, including cardiovascular surgery, Cardiac development
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4539
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: The present study was undertaken to establish the role of NADPH oxidase (Nox) in impaired vascular compensation to arterial occlusion that occurs in the presence of risk factors associated with oxidative stress. Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice characterized by multiple comorbidities including diabetes and hyperlipidemia were used as a preclinical model. Arterial occlusion was induced by distal femoral artery ligation in lean and DIO mice. Proximal collateral arteries were identified as the site of major (~70%) vascular resistance to calf perfusion by distal arterial pressures, which decreased from ~80 to ~30 mmHg with ligation in both lean and DIO mice. Two weeks after ligation, significant vascular compensation occurred in lean but not DIO mice as evidenced by increased perfusion (147 ± 48% vs. 49 ± 29%) and collateral diameter (151 ± 30% vs. 44 ± 17%). Vascular mRNA expression of p22 phox , Nox2, Nox4, and p47 phox were all increased in DIO mice. Treatment of DIO mice with either apocynin or Nox2ds-tat or with whole body ablation of either Nox2 or p47 phox ameliorated the impairment in both collateral growth and hindlimb perfusion. Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis demonstrated elevated levels of circulating monocytes in DIO mice without impaired mobilization and demargination after femoral artery ligation. These results establish collateral resistance as the major limitation to calf perfusion in this preclinical model, demonstrate than monocyte mobilization and demarginatin is not suppressed, implicate Nox2-p47 phox interactions in the impairment of vascular compensation to arterial occlusion in DIO mice, and suggest that selective Nox component suppression/inhibition may be effective as either primary or adjuvant therapy for claudicants.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-10-20
    Description: The 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), an important alternative to CFC-12 in accordance with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) greenhouse gas. Here we evaluate variations in global and regional HFC-134a emissions and emission trends, from 1995 to 2010, at a relatively high spatial and temporal (3.75° in longitude × 2.5° in latitude and 8-day) resolution, using surface HFC-134a measurements. Our results show a progressive increase of global HFC-134a emissions from 19 ± 2 Gg/yr in 1995 to 167 ± 5 Gg/yr in 2010, with both a slowdown in developed countries and a 20 %/yr increase in China since 2005. A seasonal cycle is also seen since 2002, which becomes enhanced over time, with larger values during the boreal summer.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-07-10
    Description: T-cell defects, immune suppression, and poor antitumor immune responses are hallmarks of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory signaling has emerged as a major immunosuppressive mechanism. However, the effect of different microenvironments and the confounding influence of aging are poorly understood. The current study uses the Eμ-TCL1 mouse model, which replicates human T-cell defects, as a preclinical platform to longitudinally examine patterns of T-cell dysfunction alongside developing CLL and in different microenvironments, with a focus on PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. The development of CLL was significantly associated with changes in T-cell phenotype across all organs and function. Although partly mirrored in aging wild-type mice, CLL-specific T-cell changes were identified. Murine CLL cells highly expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2 in all organs, with high PD-L1 expression in the spleen. CD3 + CD8 + T cells from leukemic and aging healthy mice highly expressed PD-1, identifying aging as a confounder, but adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated CLL-specific PD-1 induction. Direct comparisons of PD-1 expression and function between aging CLL mice and controls identified PD-1 + T cells in CLL as a heterogeneous population with variable effector function. This is highly relevant for therapeutic targeting of CD8 + T cells, showing the potential of reprogramming and selective subset expansion to restore antitumor immunity.
    Keywords: Lymphoid Neoplasia
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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