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  • 1
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    Lagrangian ocean analysis : fundamentals and practices (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ocean Modelling 121 (2018): 49-75, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.11.008.
    Description: Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other ocean velocity data such as from altimetry. In the Lagrangian approach, large sets of virtual particles are integrated within the three-dimensional, time-evolving velocity fields. Over several decades, a variety of tools and methods for this purpose have emerged. Here, we review the state of the art in the field of Lagrangian analysis of ocean velocity data, starting from a fundamental kinematic framework and with a focus on large-scale open ocean applications. Beyond the use of explicit velocity fields, we consider the influence of unresolved physics and dynamics on particle trajectories. We comprehensively list and discuss the tools currently available for tracking virtual particles. We then showcase some of the innovative applications of trajectory data, and conclude with some open questions and an outlook. The overall goal of this review paper is to reconcile some of the different techniques and methods in Lagrangian ocean analysis, while recognising the rich diversity of codes that have and continue to emerge, and the challenges of the coming age of petascale computing.
    Description: EvS has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 715386). This research for PJW was supported as part of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Funding for HFD was provided by Grant No. DE-SC0012457 from the US Department of Energy. PB acknowledges support for this work from NERC grant NE/R011567/1. SFG is supported by NERC National Capability funding through the Extended Ellett Line Programme.
    Keywords: Ocean circulation ; Lagrangian analysis ; Connectivity ; Particle tracking ; Future modelling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Pathophysiologie des Plexus chorioideus (1931)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 117-119 (1931), S. 570-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Werden Plexuszellen länger als wenige Minuten nach dem Tode in situ gelassen, so neigen sie zu einem vakuolären Zerfall mit Verlust des Bürstensaumes. 2. Werden Plexuszellen operativ in einer kombinierten Bulbokapnin-Äthernarkose gewonnen, so zeigen sie eine starke Schwellung, die schließlich auch auf den Kern übergreift, und eine Ansammlung von Fett. 3. Unsere Versuche bestätigen, daß die Weedsche Lösung in die Plexuszellen eindringt. 4. Ebenso bestätigen sie Askanazys Beobachtung, daß Eisen in die Plexuszellen eindringt, wenn Erytrocyten in den Liquor gelangen. Ob es sich bei diesen beiden Vorgängen um eine passive Infiltration oder um eine aktive Resorption handelt, wagen wir noch nicht zu entscheiden. 5. Es hat sich kein Anhaltspunkt dafür ergeben, daß Fette oder Lipoide vom Liquorraum aus in den Plexus dringen. 6. Es fand sich nach Einspritzung gewaschener Erytrocyten ebenso nach Einspritzung von Luft oder Trypanblau in den Liquor eine Reaktion der Plexusepithelien, die wahrscheinlich eine nicht spezifische Antwort dieser Zellen auf Entzündungsreize darstellt. Sie besteht in einer trüben Schwellung mit Vermehrung der Mitochondrien und des Golgi-Apparates und des intrazellulären Fettes. Bei den Versuchen mit Blutinjektion wurden die Veränderungen bis zu 12 Tagen nach der Injektion studiert. In dieser Zeit vermindert sich die Kernfärbbarkeit, während die übrige Zelle schon zur Norm zurückkehrt. Der operative Teil der Versuche wurde im Physiologischen Institut durchgeführt. Für die Erlaubnis hierzu sind wir Herrn Prof. R. Lim zu herzlichem Dank verpflichtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673871
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  • 3
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    Lagrangian ocean analysis: fundamentals and practices (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ocean Modelling, 121 . pp. 49-75.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Highlights: • Lagrangian ocean analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models • We present a review of the Kinematic framework, available tools, and applications of Lagrangian ocean analysis • While there are unresolved questions, the framework is robust enough to be used widely in ocean modelling Abstract: Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other ocean velocity data such as from altimetry. In the Lagrangian approach, large sets of virtual particles are integrated within the three-dimensional, time-evolving velocity fields. Over several decades, a variety of tools and methods for this purpose have emerged. Here, we review the state of the art in the field of Lagrangian analysis of ocean velocity data, starting from a fundamental kinematic framework and with a focus on large-scale open ocean applications. Beyond the use of explicit velocity fields, we consider the influence of unresolved physics and dynamics on particle trajectories. We comprehensively list and discuss the tools currently available for tracking virtual particles. We then showcase some of the innovative applications of trajectory data, and conclude with some open questions and an outlook. The overall goal of this review paper is to reconcile some of the different techniques and methods in Lagrangian ocean analysis, while recognising the rich diversity of codes that have and continue to emerge, and the challenges of the coming age of petascale computing.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.11.008
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 3259: An Application of Sustainable Development in Indigenous People’s Revival: The History of an Indigenous Tribe’s Struggle in Taiwan (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-13
    Description: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 3259: An Application of Sustainable Development in Indigenous People’s Revival: The History of an Indigenous Tribe’s Struggle in Taiwan Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10093259 Authors: Cheng-Yu Yu Community development is seen as a crucial factor to realize sustainable development and vice versa, and for indigenous peoples in particular due to their associations with nature and natural resources. However, historical exploitation of indigenous peoples has resulted in their underachievement worldwide. The popularization of the concept of sustainable development followed a series of international treaties and conventions that shed light on indigenous peoples’ revival. Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s notion of the power-knowledge relationship, this article uses a case study of an indigenous tribe, the Smangus in Taiwan, to demonstrate how a politically, socially and economically disadvantaged community incorporates their traditional norms and customs into the notion of sustainable development and reinterprets it to adapt the community’s conditions. By re-uniting the community and establishing a cooperative organization, the community has revived cohesion in their community. The community’s conduct is investigated through the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030, and the article illustrates how it fulfils three Targets and the extent to which they are fulfilled. To conclude, Smangus’ case remind us of the importance of achieving sustainable development goals on micro- and local levels, and the value of empowering local communities to pursue their own sustainable development goals according to their circumstances. This article ends with suggestions for future research, and suggests that more studies using such a bottom-up approach to sustainable development would help to accumulate knowledge and experiences to establish a pattern of success to help other disadvantaged communities, draw focus to the need to bridge the policy gaps between the United Nations and local communities, and recall attention to the role of micro- and local communities to achieve sustainable development goals.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
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    [ASAP] Copper(II)-Catalyzed Four-Component Oxysulfonylation/Diazenylation: Synthesis of a-Arylhydrazo-ß-keto Sulfones (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-15
    Description: The Journal of Organic Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01843
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 6
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    Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1743: A Dual-Voltage-Vector Model-Free Predictive Current Controller for Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive Systems (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-04
    Description: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1743: A Dual-Voltage-Vector Model-Free Predictive Current Controller for Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive Systems Energies doi: 10.3390/en11071743 Authors: Cheng-Kai Lin Jen-te Yu Hao-Qun Huang Jyun-Ting Wang Hsing-Cheng Yu Yen-Shin Lai For current control in power conversion and motor drive systems, there exist three classic methods in the literature and they are the hysteresis current control (HCC), the sine pulse-width modulation (SPWM), and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). HCC is easy to implement, but has relatively large current harmonic distortion as the disadvantage. On the other hand, the SPWM and SVPWM use modulation technique, commonly together with at least one proportional-integral (PI) regulator to reduce load current ripples, and hence demanding more computation time. This paper aims to improve the performance of a recently proposed new current control method—the single-voltage-vector model predictive current control (SVV-MPCC), for synchronous reluctance motor (SynRMs) drives. To that end, a dual-voltage-vector model-free predictive current control (DVV-MFPCC) for SynRMs is proposed. Unlike the SVV-MPCC that applies only a single voltage vector per sampling period, the proposed DVV-MFPCC is capable of providing two successive segmentary current predictions in the next sampling period through all possible combinations from any two candidate switching states increasing the number of applicable switching modes from seven to nineteen and reducing the prediction error effectively. Moreover, the new control does not utilize any parameters of the SynRM nor its mathematical model. The performance is effectively enhanced compared to that of SVV-MPCC. The working principle of the DVV-MFPCC will be detailed in this paper. Finally, the SVV-MPCC, the single-voltage-vector model-free predictive current control (SVV-MFPCC), the dual-voltage-vector model predictive current control (DVV-MPCC), and the DVV-MFPCC are realized to control the stator currents of SynRM through a 32-bit microcontroller TMS320F28377S. Experimental results are provided to validate the new method and verify that the DVV-MFPCC performs better than do the SVV-MPCC, the SVV-MFPCC, and the DVV-MPCC.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Discovery of stimulator binding to a conserved pocket in the heme domain of soluble guanylyl cyclase [Molecular Biophysics] (2018)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-08
    Description: Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the receptor for nitric oxide and a highly sought-after therapeutic target for the management of cardiovascular diseases. New compounds that stimulate sGC show clinical promise, but where these stimulator compounds bind and how they function remains unknown. Here, using a photolyzable diazirine derivative of a novel stimulator compound, IWP-051, and MS analysis, we localized drug binding to the β1 heme domain of sGC proteins from the hawkmoth Manduca sexta and from human. Covalent attachments to the stimulator were also identified in bacterial homologs of the sGC heme domain, referred to as H-NOX domains, including those from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, Shewanella oneidensis, Shewanella woodyi, and Clostridium botulinum, indicating that the binding site is highly conserved. The identification of photoaffinity-labeled peptides was aided by a signature MS fragmentation pattern of general applicability for unequivocal identification of covalently attached compounds. Using NMR, we also examined stimulator binding to sGC from M. sexta and bacterial H-NOX homologs. These data indicated that stimulators bind to a conserved cleft between two subdomains in the sGC heme domain. L12W/T48W substitutions within the binding pocket resulted in a 9-fold decrease in drug response, suggesting that the bulkier tryptophan residues directly block stimulator binding. The localization of stimulator binding to the sGC heme domain reported here resolves the longstanding question of where stimulators bind and provides a path forward for drug discovery.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 8
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    Regioselective and Switchable meso-Aminations and Couplings of 5,15-Diarylchlorins (2017)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-07
    Description: Organic Letters DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01739
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Sensors, Vol. 18, Pages 983: An Experimental Study of a Micro-Projection Enabled Optical Terminal for Short-Range Bidirectional Multi-Wavelength Visible Light Communications (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-27
    Description: Sensors, Vol. 18, Pages 983: An Experimental Study of a Micro-Projection Enabled Optical Terminal for Short-Range Bidirectional Multi-Wavelength Visible Light Communications Sensors doi: 10.3390/s18040983 Authors: Hsi-Hsir Chou Cheng-Yu Tsai Jhih-Shan Jiang A micro-projection enabled short-range communication (SRC) approach using red-, green- and blue-based light-emitting diodes (RGB-LEDs) has experimentally demonstrated recently that micro-projection and high-speed data transmission can be performed simultaneously. In this research, a reconfigurable design of a polarization modulated image system based on the use of a Liquid Crystal on Silicon based Spatial Light Modulator (LCoS-based SLM) serving as a portable optical terminal capable of micro-projection and bidirectional multi-wavelength communications is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. For the proof of concept, the system performance was evaluated through a bidirectional communication link at a transmission distance over 0.65 m. In order to make the proposed communication system architecture compatible with the data modulation format of future possible wireless communication system, baseband modulation scheme, i.e., Non-Return-to-Zero On-Off-Keying (NRZ_OOK), M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) and M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) were used to investigate the system transmission performance. The experimental results shown that an acceptable BER (satisfying the limitation of Forward Error Correction, FEC standard) and crosstalk can all be achieved in the bidirectional multi-wavelength communication scenario.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
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    IJERPH, Vol. 12, Pages 7949-7958: Doctor-Shopping Behavior among Patients with Eye Floaters (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-14
    Description: Patients suffering from eye floaters often resort to consulting more than one ophthalmologist. The purpose of this study, using the Health Belief Model (HBM), was to identify the factors that influence doctor-shopping behavior among patients with eye floaters. In this cross-sectional survey, 175 outpatients who presented floaters symptoms were enrolled. Data from 143 patients (77 first time visitors and 66 doctor-shoppers) who completed the questionnaire were analyzed. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. We found that women and non-myopia patients were significantly related with frequent attendance and doctor switching. Though the HBM has performed well in a number of health behaviors studies, but most of the conceptual constructors of HBM did not show significant differences between the first time visitors and true doctor-shoppers in this study. Motivation was the only significant category affecting doctor-shopping behavior of patients with eye floaters.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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