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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 175 (1979), S. 239-245 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Erythrocyte ghosts ; Erythrocyte volume ; Enzymes immobilized ; Enzyme replacement therapy ; Erythrozytenschatten (ghosts) ; Erythrozytenvolumen ; Zellulare Trägersysteme ; Immobilisierte Enzyme ; Enzymersatz-Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Reversibel verschlossene Erythrozytenschatten (ghosts) sind als in-vivo-Trägersysteme für die Enzymsubstitution bei angeborenen Stoffwechselleiden vorgeschlagen worden. Ein Vergleich von Methoden zur reversiblen hypotonen Hämolyse zeigte, daß die fünffache Menge an Serumalbumin eingeschlossen werden konnte, wenn eine Dialysemethode anstelle der direkten Hämolyse angewandt wurde. Hämatokrit, Mischtechnik und Dauer der hypotonen und isotonen Phasen beeinflußten die Höhe des Proteineinschlusses. Der Prozentsatz der Inkorporation blieb jedoch konstant, wenn die Pufferzusammensetzung oder die extrazellulären Proteinkonzentrationen verändert wurden. Höher war der Proteinschluß, wenn Erythrozyten von Blutkonserven und nicht von frischem Blut verwandt wurden, was auf die verminderte osmotische Resistenz der konservierten Erythrozyten zurückzuführen sein dürfte. Das Volumen der Erythrozytenschatten war bei Messungen mit einem Coulter Counter sowie mit einem Gerät zur fluoreszenzaktivierten Zelltrennung (FACS) kleiner als das normaler Erythrozyten und noch kleiner, wenn Protein eingeschlossen war.
    Notes: Summary Resealed erythrocyte ghosts have been proposed as in vivo carriers for enzyme replacement therapy of inherited metabolic diseases. In comparative studies of methods for reversible hypotonic haemolysis of erythrocytes, a five-fold increased entrapment of human serum albumin was obtained by use of a dialysis procedure instead of direct dilution. The percentage incorporation of protein was also affected by varying mixing procedure, haematocrit, lysis, and resealing times but not by varying buffer composition or added protein concentrations over a wide range. Higher protein entrapment was observed with time-expired blood compared to fresh blood and this may be ascribed to increased osmotic fragility of the erythrocyte membrane in stored cells. Haemolysed and resealed ghosts prepared by any method used were smaller than normal erythrocytes as measured with a Coulter Counter and with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and protein entrapment reduced the ghost size further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 3 (1977), S. 179-196 
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ocean bottom seismographs designed to meet the requirements of both seismicity and refraction experiments have been operated extensively on twelve cruises (72 deployments). Signals from a hydrophone, and two geophones (horizontal and vertical) are direct recorded on a modified commercial tape recorder providing 10 day continuous recording at 1/40 ips and a 2–80 Hz band width. The free-fall deployment technique with timed ballast release has yielded a 93% recovery rate (96% over the most recent 24 deployments) despite frequently difficult weather and sea conditions. Emphasis on reliability and operational simplicity has produced an instrument that can be operated in arrays by a single shipboard technician.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 3 (1977), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-12-01
    Description: Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic Water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here, we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation (MC) approach. A new 150-m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous datasets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals the total sea level potential of the Greenland Ice Sheet is 7.42±0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-01-09
    Description: Several recent studies from both Greenland and Antarctica have reported significant changes in the water isotopic composition of near‐surface snow between precipitation events. These changes have been linked to isotopic exchange with atmospheric water vapor and sublimation‐induced fractionation, but the processes are poorly constrained by observations. Understanding and quantifying these processes are crucial to both the interpretation of ice core climate proxies and the formulation of isotope‐enabled general circulation models. Here, we present continuous measurements of the water isotopic composition in surface snow and atmospheric vapor together with near‐surface atmospheric turbulence and snow‐air latent and sensible heat fluxes, obtained at the East Greenland Ice‐Core Project drilling site in summer 2016. For two 4‐day‐long time periods, significant diurnal variations in atmospheric water isotopologues are observed. A model is developed to explore the impact of this variability on the surface snow isotopic composition. Our model suggests that the snow isotopic composition in the upper subcentimeter of the snow exhibits a diurnal variation with amplitudes in δ18O and δD of ~2.5‰ and ~13‰, respectively. As comparison, such changes correspond to 10–20% of the magnitude of seasonal changes in interior Greenland snow pack isotopes and of the change across a glacial‐interglacial transition. Importantly, our observation and model results suggest, that sublimation‐induced fractionation needs to be included in simulations of exchanges between the vapor and the snow surface on diurnal timescales during summer cloud‐free conditions in northeast Greenland.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-04-30
    Description: The concept of a positive feedback between ice flow and enhanced melt rates in a warmer climate fuelled the debate regarding the temporal and spatial controls on seasonal ice acceleration. Here we combine melt, basal water pressure and ice velocity data. Using 20 years of data covering the whole ablation area, we show that there is not a strong positive correlation between annual ice velocities and melt rates. Annual velocities even slightly decreased with increasing melt. Results also indicate that melt variations are most important for velocity variations in the upper ablation zone up to the equilibrium line altitude. During the extreme melt in 2012, a large velocity response near the equilibrium line was observed, highlighting the possibility of meltwater to have an impact even high on the ice sheet. This may lead to an increase of the annual ice velocity in the region above S9 and requires further monitoring.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150 m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.42 ± 0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Methane seepage from the upper continental slopes of Western Svalbard has previously been attributed to gas hydrate dissociation induced by anthropogenic warming of ambient bottom waters. Here we show that sediment cores drilled off Prins Karls Foreland contain freshwater from dissociating hydrates. However, our modeling indicates that the observed pore water freshening began around 8 ka BP when the rate of isostatic uplift outpaced eustatic sea-level rise. The resultant local shallowing and lowering of hydrostatic pressure forced gas hydrate dissociation and dissolved chloride depletions consistent with our geochemical analysis. Hence, we propose that hydrate dissociation was triggered by postglacial isostatic rebound rather than anthropogenic warming. Furthermore, we show that methane fluxes from dissociating hydrates were considerably smaller than present methane seepage rates implying that gas hydrates were not a major source of methane to the oceans, but rather acted as a dynamic seal, regulating methane release from deep geological reservoirs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Tools to reliably measure Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) exposure in individuals and communities are needed to guide and evaluate malaria control interventions. Serologic assays can potentially produce precise exposure estimates at low cost; however, current approaches based on responses to a few characterized antigens are not designed to estimate exposure in...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: Turbulence acting on mixes of gas and particles generally diffuses the latter evenly through the former. However, in the presence of background gas temperature gradients, a phenomenon known as turbulent thermal diffusion appears as a particle drift velocity (rather than a diffusive term). This process moves particles from hot regions to cold ones. We re-derive turbulent thermal diffusion using astrophysical language and demonstrate that it could play a major role in protoplanetary discs by concentrating particles by factors of tens. Such a concentration would set the stage for collective behaviour such as the streaming instability and hence planetesimal formation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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