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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Introduction to Chemical Graph Theory. (2018)
    Milton :CRC Press LLC,
    Details
    Keywords: Graph theory. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Chemical Graph Theory is a concise introduction to the main topics and techniques in chemical graph theory, specifically the theory of topological indices. The book covers some of the most commonly used mathematical approaches in the subject.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (271 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780429833984
    Series Statement: Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5514734
    DDC: 540.1/5115
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Editors -- Title -- Copyrights -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Preliminaries -- 1.1 Basic graph notations -- 1.2 Special types of graphs -- 1.3 Trees -- 1.4 Degrees in graphs -- 1.5 Distance in graphs -- 1.6 Independent sets and matchings -- 1.7 Topological indices -- Chapter 2 Distance in graphs and the Wiener index -- 2.1 An overview -- 2.2 Properties related to distances -- 2.3 Extremal problems in general graphs and trees -- 2.3.1 The Wiener index -- 2.3.2 The distances between leaves -- 2.3.3 Distance between internal vertices -- 2.3.4 Distance between internal vertices and leaves -- 2.3.5 Sum of eccentricities -- 2.4 The Wiener index of trees with a given degree sequence -- 2.5 The Wiener index of trees with a given segment sequence . . -- 2.5.1 The minimum Wiener index in trees with a given seg-ment sequence -- 2.5.2 The maximum Wiener index in trees with a given seg-ment sequence -- 2.5.3 Further characterization of extremal quasi-caterpillars -- 2.5.4 Trees with a given number of segments -- 2.6 General approaches -- 2.6.1 Caterpillars -- 2.6.2 Greedy trees -- 2.6.3 Comparing greedy trees of different degree sequences and applications -- 2.7 The inverse problem -- Chapter 3 Vertex degrees and the Randic ´index -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Degree-based indices in trees with a given degree sequence . -- 3.2.1 Greedy trees -- 3.2.2 Alternating greedy trees -- 3.3 Comparison between greedy trees and applications -- 3.3.1 Between greedy trees -- 3.3.2 Applications to extremal trees -- 3.3.3 Application to specific indices -- 3.4 The Zagreb indices -- 3.4.1 Graphs with M1 = M2 -- 3.4.2 Maximum M2(·) −M1(·) in trees -- 3.4.3 Maximum M1(·) −M2(·) in trees -- 3.4.4 Further analysis of the behavior of M1() M2() -- 3.5 More on the ABC index -- 3.5.1 Defining the optimal graph. , 3.5.2 Structural properties of the optimal graphs -- 3.5.3 Proof of Theorem 3.5.1 -- 3.5.4 Acyclic, unicyclic, and bicyclic optimal graphs -- 3.6 Graphs with a given matching number -- 3.6.1 Generalized Randic ´index -- 3.6.2 Zagreb indices based on edge degrees -- 3.6.3 The Atom-bond connectivity index -- Chapter 4 Independent sets: Merrifield-Simmons index and Hosoya in- dex -- 4.1 History and terminologies -- 4.2 Merrifield-Simmons index and Hosoya index: elementary prop-erties -- 4.3 Extremal problems in general graphs and trees -- 4.4 Graph transformations -- 4.5 Trees with fixed parameters -- 4.6 Tree-like graphs -- 4.7 Independence polynomial and matching polynomial -- Chapter 5 Graph spectra and the graph energy -- 5.1 Matrices associated with graphs -- 5.2 Graph spectra and characteristic polynomials -- 5.3 The graph energy: elementary properties -- 5.4 Bounds for the graph energy -- 5.5 Extremal problems in trees -- 5.6 Extremal problems in tree-like graphs -- 5.7 Energy-like invariants -- 5.7.1 Matching energy -- 5.7.2 Laplacian energy -- 5.7.3 Incidence energy and Laplacian-energy-like invariant . -- 5.8 Other invariants based on graph spectra -- 5.8.1 Spectral radius of a graph -- 5.8.2 Estrada index -- Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Addressing the Uneven Distribution of Water Quantity and Quality Endowment : Physical and Virtual Water Transfer Within China. (2019)
    Singapore :Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,
    Details
    Keywords: Water-supply-China-Management. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (86 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789811391637
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5806476
    DDC: 333.9100951
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Comparison of Physical and Virtual Water Transfer -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Review on Physical Water Transfer Projects and Their Impacts -- 2.2.1 Water Transfer Projects in the World -- 2.2.2 The South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China -- 2.2.3 Water Transfer Projects for Water Quality Improvement -- 2.2.4 Multidimensional Impacts from Water Transfer Project -- 2.2.5 Water Transfer Projects and Their Water Availability Related to Climate Change -- 2.3 Review on Virtual Water Transfer -- 2.3.1 Virtual Water Accounting Approaches -- 2.3.2 Virtual Water Trade and Its Impact on Water Scarcity -- 2.3.3 Global Water Savings from Virtual Water Trade -- 2.3.4 Virtual Water Trade as a Food Security Tool -- 2.3.5 Virtual Water as an Efficient Water Use and Water Policy Tool -- 2.3.6 Driving Forces of Virtual Water Trade -- 2.4 Comparison Between Physical Water Transfer and Virtual Water Flow -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Pattern of Physical and Virtual Water Flows: The Impact to Water Quantity Stress Among China's Provinces -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Physical Water Pattern Within China -- 3.3 Virtual Water Flows Pattern Within China -- 3.3.1 Virtual Water Flows Per Sectors Within China -- 3.4 Impacts on Water Stress -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Physical Water Transfer and Its Impact on Water Quality: The Case of Yangtze River Diversions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Physical Water Transfer: The Case of Lake Taihu -- 4.2.1 Numerical Model -- 4.2.2 Results and Discussion -- 4.3 Physical Water Transfer: The Case of Lake Chao -- 4.3.1 Numerical Model -- 4.3.2 Results and Discussion -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Water Transfer to Achieve Environmental Issues: Waterfront Body -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area. , 5.3 The Inner Lake: Pb Pollution -- 5.3.1 The Pattern of Pb in the Sediment -- 5.3.2 Mathematical Models for Migration and Transformation of Pb -- 5.3.3 Water Operation Schemes of the Inner Lakes -- 5.3.4 Variation of the Concentration of Pb Pollution Load -- 5.4 Effects of Water Transfer in the Waterfront Body -- 5.4.1 Model Establishment -- 5.4.2 Mathematical Equations -- 5.5 Investigation on Water Quantity Operation -- 5.5.1 Water Quantity Operation -- 5.5.2 Pattern of Water Quantity -- 5.6 Environmental Effects Forecast After Water Quantity Operation -- 5.6.1 Estimation of Water Quantity and Suspended Sediment -- 5.6.2 Water Quality Estimation -- 5.6.3 Assessing Water Transparency -- 5.6.4 Assessing Submerged Aquatic Plant Restoration -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Case of Physical Water Transfer from Yangtze River: Different Routes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Description of the Different Routes -- 6.2.1 The Eastern Route -- 6.2.2 The Middle Route -- 6.2.3 The Western Route -- 6.3 Impacts of the Different Routes of the SNWTP -- 6.3.1 Eastern Route -- 6.3.2 Middle Route -- 6.3.3 Western Route -- 6.4 Assessing Environmental Impacts of Water Consumption in China -- 6.4.1 Method -- 6.4.2 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Virtual Water Transfer Within China: The Case of Shanghai -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Shanghai's Water Endowment -- 7.3 Method and Data -- 7.3.1 Water Stress Index -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.4.1 Shanghai's Consumption and Water Quantity -- 7.4.2 Shanghai's Consumption and Water Quality -- 7.4.3 Magnitude of Water Trade -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced resistance to photorefraction and photovoltaic effect in Li-rich LiNbO3:Mg crystals (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 260-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have found that in connection with photorefraction the Li-rich LiNbo3:Mg (5 mol %) can withstand higher light intensities than the congruent LiNbO3:Mg (5 mol %) and that the improvement is due to the increased photoconductivity with little change in photovoltaic current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100591
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    Determinants of tobacco smoking among rural-to-urban migrant workers: a cross-sectional survey in Shanghai (2015)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: Background: Although there are several studies to investigate the smoking behaviors among rural-to-urban Chinese migrants, no study has focused individually on this population in Shanghai. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence and identify the determinants of tobacco smoking among rural-to-urban migrants in Shanghai. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage quota sampling was used to select 5,856 rural-to-urban migrants aged 18 years or older from seven districts in Shanghai between July and October 2012. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess smoking knowledge, attitude, behavior and demographic characteristics. Mental health was assessed by the self-reported SCL-90. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of smoking behavior. Results: A total of 5,380 of the 5,856 migrants enrolled completed the questionnaire, among whom 45.0% of male and 2.0% of female participants reported current smoking. Multivariate analysis revealed current smoking in female migrants to be significantly associated with working at construction (OR, 8.08; 95%CI, 1.80-36.28), hotels/restaurants (OR, 5.06; 95%CI, 1.68-15.27), entertainment sector (OR, 6.79; 95%CI, 2.51-18.42), with monthly income 〉 3500 yuan (OR, 2.69; 95%CI, 1.21-5.98), number of migratory cities of 2 (OR, 2.39; 95%CI, 1.23-4.65), and SCL-90 total score 〉 160 (OR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.03-3.98), while the male migrants working at construction (OR, 1.30; 95%CI, 1.04-1.62), entertainment sector (OR, 1.86; 95%CI, 1.36-2.56), being divorced/widowed (OR, 2.20; 95%CI, 1.02-4.74), with duration of migration of 4 or more than 4 years (OR, 1.42; 95%CI, 1.06-1.91), number of migratory cities of 3 or more than 3 (OR, 1.42; 95%CI, 1.13-1.80), and SCL-90 total score 〉 160 (OR,1.39; 95%CI, 1.07-1.79) showed an excess smoking prevalence. Conclusion: Migration lifestyle and mental status were associated with current smoking behaviors. The identifications of risk factors for current smoking may help to target health promotion interventions.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
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    ERRATUM: Long-range magnetic interaction and frustration in double perovskites Sr2NiIrO6 and Sr2ZnIrO6 (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-05
    Description: Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep08798
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Myc-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 positively regulates Wnt signalling by protecting Dishevelled from Dapper1-mediated degradation (2015)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: Wnt signalling regulates embryonic development and tissue homoeostasis by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Dapper1 (Dpr1) has been shown to be an important key negative regulator of Wnt signalling by promoting Dishevelled (Dvl) degradation. In the present study, we found that Myc-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 (MIZ1) interacts with Dpr1 and this interaction attenuates the ability of Dpr1 to induce Dvl2 degradation, thus enhancing Wnt signalling. Mechanistically, MIZ1 is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon Wnt3a stimulation or overexpression of Dpr1 and Dvl2, disrupting the interaction between Dpr1 and Dvl2. Furthermore, MIZ1 can promote the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells through Wnt signalling and reverse the anti-proliferative effect of Dpr1 on colorectal cancer Caco-2. Together, our findings establish a novel layer of Wnt signalling regulation via the MIZ1-Dpr1-Dvl axis.
    Print ISSN: 0264-6021
    Electronic ISSN: 0006-2936
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press on behalf of The Biochemical Society.
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  • 7
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    Spin-dependent ? softness or triaxiality in even-even 132?138 Nd nuclei (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-22
    Description: The properties of ? instability in rapidly rotating even-even 132?138 Nd isotopes have been investigated using the pairing-deformation self-consistent total-Routhian-surface calculations in a deformation space of (? 2 , ?, ? 4 ). It is found that even-even 134?138 Nd nuclei exhibit triaxiality in both ground and excited states, even up to high-spin states. The lightest isotope possesses a well-deformed prolate shape without a ? deformation component. The current numerical results are compared with previous calculations and available observables such as quadrupole deformation ? 2 and the feature of ?-band levels, showing basically a general agreement with the observed trend of ? correlations (e.g. the pattern of the odd-even energy staggering of the ? band). The existing differences between theory and experiment are analyzed and discussed briefly.
    Print ISSN: 1674-1137
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    Immortalized Mouse Floxed Fam20c Dental Papillar Mesenchymal and Osteoblast Cell Lines Retain Their Primary Characteristics (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-02
    Description: Fam20c is essential for the normal mineralization of dentin and bone. The generation of odontoblast and osteoblast cell lines carrying floxed Fam20c allele can offer valuable tools for the study of the roles of Fam20c in the mineralization of dentin and bone. The limited capability of the primary odontoblasts and osteoblasts to proliferate necessitates the development of odontoblast and osteoblast cell lines serving as substitutes for the study of differentiation and mineralization of the odontoblasts and osteoblasts. In this study, we established and characterized immortalized mouse floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines. The isolated primary mouse floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts were immortalized by the infection of lentivirus containing Simian Virus 40 T-antigen (SV40 T-Ag). The immortalization of floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts was verified by the long-term passages and genomic integration of SV40 T-Ag. The immortalized floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines not only proliferated at a high rate and retained the morphology of their primary counterparts, but also preserved the dentin and bone specific gene expression as the primary dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts did. Consistently, the capability of the primary floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts to mineralize was also inherited by the immortalized dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines. Thus, we have successfully generated the immortalized mouse floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    S100A8, an Oocyte-Specific Chemokine, Directs the Migration of Ovarian Somatic Cells During Mice Primordial Follicle Assembly (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-07
    Description: In the mammalian ovaries, the primordial follicle pool determines the reproductive capability over the lifetime of a female. The primordial follicle is composed of two cell members, namely the oocyte and the pre-granulosa cells that encircle the oocyte. However, it is unclear what factors are involved in the reorganization of the two distinct cells into one functional unit. This study was performed to address this issue. Firstly, in an in vitro reconstruction system, dispersed ovarian cells from murine fetal ovaries at 19.0 days post coitum (dpc) reassembled into follicle-like structures, independent of the physical distance between the cells, implying that either oocytes or ovarian somatic cells (OSCs) were motile. We then carried out a series of transwell assay experiments, and determined that it was in fact 19.0 dpc OSCs (as opposed to oocytes), which exhibited a significant chemotactic response to both fetal bovine serum and oocytes themselves. We observed that S100A8, a multi-functional chemokine, may participate in the process as it is mainly expressed in oocytes within the cysts/plasmodia. S100A8 significantly promoted the number of migrating OSCs by 2.5 times in vitro , of which 66.9% were FOXL2 protein-positive cells, implying that the majority of motile OSCs were pre-granulosa cells. In addition, an S100A8-specific antibody inhibited the formation of follicle-like reconstruction cell mass in vitro . And, the primordial follicle formation was reduced when S100a8 -specific siRNA was applied onto in vitro cultured 17.5 dpc ovary. Therefore, S100A8 could be a chemokine of oocyte origin, which attracts OSCs to form the primordial follicles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Impacts of the triggering function of cumulus parameterization on warm-season diurnal rainfall cycles at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-27
    Description: In this study, we investigated the impacts of the triggering function of the deep convection scheme on diurnal rainfall variation in the middle latitudes by using the single-column version of the Community Atmospheric Model (SCAM). Using the climate statistics of a long-term ensemble analysis of SCAM simulations, we quantified and validated the diurnal rainfall climatological regimes at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. The results showed that the averaged diurnal rainfall cycle simulated using the default Zhang-Mcfarlane (ZM) scheme of the SCAM peaks near noon, which is far earlier than the observed nighttime peak phase. This bias was due to the ZM scheme, which produced spurious daytime rainfall, even during days in which only light rainfall was observed. By contrast, using a weather-focused scheme, the Simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) scheme, we successfully simulated the nocturnal peak of the diurnal cycle. Experiments conducted on the ZM and SAS schemes featuring different triggering functions revealed that, the relaxation of launching parcels above the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the inclusion of convective inhibition (CIN) were crucial designs for the model to capture the nocturnal rainfall events of the SGP. The inclusion of CIN reduces spurious weak convective events, and the allowance of launching parcels being above the PBL better captures convective cloud base. The results of this study highlight the modulatory effect of low-level inhomogeneity on the diurnal variation of convection over mid-latitudes and the importance of the triggering function of the deep convection scheme in capturing those variations.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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