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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative mechanisms involved in kainate-induced cytotoxicity in cortical neurons (1994)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 19 (1994), S. 1557-1564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Free radicals ; kainic acid ; cortical neuron ; a-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone ; excitotoxicity ; xanthine oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In our previous experiments, evidence of free radical formation has been demonstrated in gerbil brain after kainic acid (KA) administration. In the present study, the mechanisms involved in KA-induced free radical formation and subsequent cell degeneration were investigated using high density cortical neuron cultures. A free radical trapping agent,a-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN), as well as the combined action of superoxide dismutase and catalase attenuated KA neurotoxic effect. Calpain-induced xanthine oxidase (XO) activation may play an important role in KA excitotoxicity since calpain inhibitor I as well as allopurinol, a selective XO inhibitor, significantly protected the cortical neurons from KA-induced cell death. However, XO activation may not be the only source producing free radicals, other free radical generating systems such as nitric oxide synphase may also play a role in KA insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00969006
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submicrometer phase chemical composition analysis with an electron probe microanalyzer (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 23 (1994), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Submicrometer phase quantitative analysis is always a challenging problem for electron beam microanalysis because the phase is smaller than the electron beam and the specimen interaction volume. In order to obtain more accurate composition information, other analytical techniques need to be used to clarify the elements present and characterize the valence state of major elements in that submicrometer phase In this study, the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was used to determine the contamination phase in the tungsten carbide-cobalt ceramic system. The average size of the contamination phase was approximately 0.5 μm in diameter. The chemical composition of the contamination phase was elucidated by combining results from x-ray mapping, valence state determination and EPMA quantitative analysis data. The effect of the contamination phase in the tungsten carbide-cobalt ceramic system is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300230504
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the copper oxidation state in a zeolite catalyst through the X-ray absorption edge/self-absorption effect by electron probe microanalysis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 23 (1994), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Owing to improvements in impregnation techniques, the impregnation of copper compounds into a zeolite framework to form copper zeolite catalysts results in more uniformly distributed and finer (nanoscale size) copper-containing particles. In order to determine the oxidation state of copper in a copper zeolite catalyst, a method utilizing the X-ray absorption-induced (absorption edge/self-absorption) effect was developed using electron probe microanalysis. This method can provide oxidation state information that is not possible with traditional quantitative microanalysis owing to the electron beam and specimen interaction volume. The advantages and limitations of this method are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300230608
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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