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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ökosystemforschung in der Kieler Bucht : Abschlußbericht für das BMBF-Projekt 03F0166A ; 1996 - 1998 (1999)
    Kiel : Inst. für Meereskunde
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Kieler Bucht ; Ökosystemforschung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Getr. Zählung [168 S.] , Ill., graph. Darst. , Digitalisierungsvorlage: Primärausg.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Berlin SRZ 2008 Online-Ressource (168 S., 10,9 MB)
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fbdig09/594737869.pdf
    URL: http://oceanrep.geomar.de/45442
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fbdig09/594737869l.pdf
    Language: German , English
    Note: TIB Hannover , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Beitr. teilw. in dt. und engl.
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    GEOMAR CATALOGUE
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorobiphenyls: Model Compounds for Metabolism in Food Chain Organisms and Their Potential Use as Ecotoxicological Stress Indicators by Application of the Metabolic Slope Concept (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 1851-1859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00007a021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Dynamics of halocarbons in coastal surface waters during short term mesocosm experiments (2015)
    CSIRO
    In:  Environmental Chemistry, 12 (4). p. 515.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-22
    Description: Environmental context: Halocarbons are trace gases important in atmospheric ozone chemistry whose biogenic production – among other factors – depends on light-induced stress of marine algae. Several studies have confirmed this effect in laboratory experiments but knowledge in natural systems remains sparse. In mesocosm experiments, which are a link between field and laboratory studies, we observed that the influence of natural levels of ultraviolet radiation on halocarbon dynamics in the marine surface waters was either insignificant or concealed by the complex interactions in the natural systems. Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different light quality, especially ultraviolet radiation (UVR), on the dynamics of volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs) at the sea surface. Short term experiments were conducted with floating gas-tight mesocosms of different optical qualities. Six halocarbons (CH3I, CHCl3, CH2Br2, CH2ClI, CHBr3 and CH2I2), known to be produced by phytoplankton, together with a variety of biological and environmental variables were measured in the coastal southern Baltic Sea and in the Raunefjord (North Sea). These experiments showed that ambient levels of UVR have no significant influence on VHOC dynamics in the natural systems. We attribute it to the low radiation doses that phytoplankton cells receive in a normal turbulent surface mixed layer. The VHOC concentrations were influenced by their production and removal processes, but they were not correlated with biological or environmental parameters investigated. Diatoms were most likely the dominant biogenic source of VHOCs in the Baltic Sea experiment, whereas in the Raunefjord experiment macroalgae probably contributed strongly to the production of VHOCs. The variable stable carbon isotope signatures (δ13C values) of bromoform (CHBr3) also indicate that different autotrophic organisms were responsible for CHBr3 production in the two coastal environments. In the Raunefjord, despite strong daily variations in CHBr3 concentration, the carbon isotopic ratio was fairly stable with a mean value of –26 ‰. During the declining spring phytoplankton bloom in the Baltic Sea, the δ13C values of CHBr3 were enriched in 13C and showed noticeable diurnal changes (–12 ‰ ± 4). These results show that isotope signature analysis is a useful tool to study both the origin and dynamics of VHOCs in natural systems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1071/EN14204
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Chlorobiphenyls (PCB) and PAHs in water masses of the northern North Atlantic (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 61 . pp. 101-114.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-21
    Description: Concentrations of 23 individual chlorobiphenyls (CBs) and 6 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in different water masses of the North Atlantic Ocean around Iceland. The study was carried out in the framework of the second Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) baseline studies of contaminants in the North Atlantic Ocean, involving trace organics and trace elements. Concentrations of individual CBs were extremely low. In solution, they varied between 〈2 and 126 fg dm−3 and in suspension between 〈2 and 1400 fg dm−3. The values for their sum (∑CB) were between 10 and 1048 in solution, and 286–11 241 fg dm−3 in suspension. ∑PAHs were present in the 〈5–65 pg dm−3 range, p,p′-DDE and hexachlorobenzene were 〈2 fg dm−3. The concentrations of CBs and PAHs decreased from the surface towards the bottom at each station. The lowest concentrations were found in Norwegian Sea Deep Water (∑CB 10 fg dm−3), concurrent with the lowest halocarbon concentrations found during the cruise. Values in near-surface waters were considerably lower than those determined at mid-latitudes of the North Atlantic. These findings reflect the mixing of water bodies with higher CB concentrations from the central North Atlantic with less contaminated waters from the Arctic Ocean. Concentrations in suspension exceeded those in solution in most samples, as a result of the relatively high suspended matter concentrations in the waters around Iceland. Particulate CB and PAH concentrations were positively correlated with particulate organic carbon concentrations. This suggests that suspended organic material is a carrier for these relatively apolar organic compounds in the water column. The data do not support the co-distillation concept suggested in the literature.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00010-3
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Isotopic composition of polyhalomethanes from marine macrophytes – systematic effects of the halogen substituents on isotopic composition (2015)
    CSIRO
    In:  Environmental Chemistry, 12 (4). p. 504.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-22
    Description: Environmental context: Once released to the atmosphere, halocarbons are involved in key chemical reactions. Stable carbon isotope measurements of halocarbons can provide valuable information on their sources and fate in the atmosphere. Here, we report δ13C values of 13 polyhalomethanes released from brown algae, which may provide a basis for inferring their sources and fate in future studies. Abstract: Halocarbons are important vectors of reactive halogens to the atmosphere, where the latter participate in several key chemical processes. An improved understanding of the biogeochemical controls of the production–destruction equilibrium on halocarbons is of vital importance to address potential future changes in their fluxes to the atmosphere. Carbon stable isotope ratios of halocarbons could provide valuable additional information on their sources and fate that cannot be derived from mixing ratios alone. We determined the δ13C values of 13 polyhalomethanes from three brown algae species (Laminaria digitata, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus) and one seagrass species (Zostera noltii). The δ13C values were determined in laboratory incubations under variable environmental conditions of light, water levels (to simulate tidal events) and addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The δ13C values of the polyhalomethanes ranged from –42.2 ‰ (±3.5 s.d.) for CHCl3 to 6.9 ‰ (±4.5) for CHI2Br and showed a systematic effect of the halogen substituents that could empirically be described in terms of linear free energy relationships. We further observed an enrichment in the δ13C of the polyhalomethanes with decreasing polyhalomethane yield that is attributed to the competing formation of halogenated ketones. Though variable, the isotopic composition of polyhalomethanes may provide useful additional information to discriminate between marine polyhalomethane sources.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1071/EN14210
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Bilanzierung und Quantifizierung des Chlorbiphenyl-Eintrages in das Oderhaff (1997)
    Geologisches Institut, CAU Kiel
    In:  Meyniana, 49 . pp. 47-58.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-23
    Description: Under the EC sponsored research project ODER (Oder Discharge-Environmental Response) first investigations have been carried out to estimate the chlorinated biphenyls (CB) input into Oderhaff via the Oder river. For this purpose, vertical profiles of CB content and composition were analysed on samples of three sediment cores. In two water samples, the content of suspended particulate material as weil as the particulate CB content and congener-specific composition were measured. In the Oderhaff the CB concentrations of particulate material were between 700 to 800 pg/dm3. Significant differences in the composition of the components were not observed. In sediments, CB contents were as high as 17 to 24 ngig dry weight in near surface sediment layers. They decreased with increasing sediment depth and were below detection limits at 15 to 21 cm depth. Based on the size of the 49 accumulation area and related hydrographic conditions, we estimated an input of 95 kg into the Oderhaff for the last 65 years since the onset of CB production. Applying the present prevailing conditions, we calculated an average transport of about 825 kg CB by the Oder river during this period. Comparing these two estimates, we observed that at least 15 % of the CB transported by the Oder river was deposited in the Oderhaff. The remaining 85 % (-730 kg), have been further transported into the South Pomeranian Bight and Southern Baltic Sea.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 7
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    Chlorobiphenyls in suspension and sediment of the southern Baltic Sea: a mass balance calculation since the onset of PCB-production (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 19 (7). pp. 891-910.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The effect of the supply of chlorinated biphenyls by the river Oder into some adjacent areas of Baltic Sea was studied in nine sediment cores and in 10 suspended matter samples. Congener-specific analysis was carried out on 28 individual chlorobiphenyls (CBs). ∑CB concentrations in suspension ranged from 2.4 pg dm-3 in the southern Bornholm Basin to 986 pg dm-3 in the Achterwasser. ∑CB contents in surface sediment decreased with increasing distance from the river mouth. Highest contents were found in the Oderhaff (18 ng g-1 dw) decreasing to 2 ng g-1 dw in the Bornholm Basin. The ∑CB contents generally decreased more or less regularly with increasing depth. The compositions of the CB mixtures in surficial sediment and suspension samples were rather similar, suggesting a common source. Compositions of the CB mixtures in the sediment cores showed distinct differences. These may reflect variations in source strength over time. Mass balance considerations on the basis of the 28 CBs resulted in an estimation of a total storage of approximate 733±158 kg ∑CBs in the Oderhaff, Achterwasser, Greifswalder Bodden, Oder Rinne, Arkona Basin and Bornholm Basin in the past 65 years, covering the time period since CBs were first produced. Based on river data about 500 kg of ∑CBs were supplied during this time by river Oder, that may thus be the major source of these compounds for the southern Baltic Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00117-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    CB pattern in the harbour porpoise: Bioaccumulation, metabolism and evidence for cytochrome P450 IIB activity (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemosphere, 31 (7). pp. 3721-3732.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Metabolism of chlorobiphenyls (CBs) was studied in harbour porpoise by comparing patterns of CB-X/CB-153 ratios in blood, brain, liver and blubber with the patterns in herring, the main food source. The CBs were classified in five groups, based on the presence/absence of vicinal H-atoms (vic. Hs) in meta,para (m,p) and/or ortho,meta (o,m) positions and the number of ortho-Cl-atoms (ortho-Cls). Plots of CB-X/CB-153 ratios in porpoise tissue vs the ratios in herring appeared to be linear for each CB group in all tissues. Slopes of these plots (metabolic slopes) were used as quantitative indicators of metabolic activity. In this way, activity of PB-type isozymes of the P450 monooxygenase system was apparent: in contrast to existing literature data, harbour porpoise appears to be able to metabolize congeners with m,p vic. Hs, even in the presence of more than 2 ortho-Cls. The presence of 3-MC-type (MC-type) isozymes was also detected. The metabolic slopes were also used as basis for risk assessment. Due to their metabolism the most toxic non-ortho CBs were not present in the tissues at detectable levels. We suggest a risk assessment approach which takes this into account. It is considered to be an alternative and more reliable basis for risk assessment than the use of toxic equivalent factors. The results support the model of equilibrium distribution of CBs in harbour porpoise and the role of blood as central transport medium. The model has been developed for persistent compounds; it appears to hold for metabolizable CB congeners as well.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00221-S
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Persistent chlorinated organic contaminants in harbour porpoises from the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and Arctic waters (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Science of the Total Environment, 237/238 . pp. 351-361.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-24
    Description: Individual chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) and chlorinated pesticides (p,p′-DDT and metabolites, HCHs and HCB) were determined in blubber samples of 40 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) of different age and sex from the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and Greenland coastal waters. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were analysed in a selected group of animals. ΣCB concentrations (medians) in North Sea immature specimens were similar (14.9 μg/g lipid) to those from the Baltic Sea (17.0 μg/g lipid) and exceeding those in Greenland specimens by an order of magnitude (1.3 μg/g lipid). The median concentrations (μg/g lipid) of HCB, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD and γ-HCH were in the order Greenland〈North Sea〈Baltic Sea. The highest concentrations of α-HCH (0.14 μg/g lipid) were found in the Greenland population, and p,p′-DDT was detected only in this group. The North Sea and Baltic Sea populations were identified as distinctly separate on the basis of levels and compositions of these contaminants. The ecological risk associated with dioxin-like toxicity was dominated by the CB congeners 118 and 170; the PCDD/Fs were playing only a minor role.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00148-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Ökosystemforschung in der Kieler Bucht : Abschlußbericht für das BMBF-Projekt 03F0166A ; 1996 - 1998 (1999)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 168 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
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