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  • 1995-1999  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1165
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Batch sorption experiments have been carried out using two explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3-dinitrobenze (DNB), and six clays of natural origin with very low fractions of organic carbon (fox). Results of these studies are depicted as Langmuir- and Henry-adsorption isotherms. The K d values of the clays show a positive relation to their exchangeable K+ content and their specific surface area. This is in good accordance with literature data which state electron donor-acceptor complexation (EDA) of nitroaromatic compounds to homoionized monomineralic clays as the driving force of adsorption. Hence this sorption mechanism yet described for homogeneous systems of clay adsorbents only can be applied to natural and thus more complex clay mineralogical systems. The K d values of TNT are about a factor of 1,6 greater than those of DNB and cover a range between 0,4–1,8.
    Notes: Kurzfassung: In Batchversuchen wurden sechs Tone sehr geringen C org -Gehaltes und drei Sande mit 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol- (TNT) und 1,3-Dinitrobenzollösungen (DNB) unterschiedlicher Konzentrationen versetzt und geschüttelt. Anhand der Ergebnisse dieser Versuche wurden Henry- und Langmuir-Adsorptionsisothermen erstellt. Bei den Tonen ergeben sich durchschnittlich um den Faktor 1,6 höhere K d -Werte für TNT (0,4–1,8) gegenüber DNB (0,2–1,3). Die Sande zeigen diesen Effekt der stärkeren Adsorption von TNT aufgrund ihrer geringeren reaktiven Oberfläche und zum Teil durch den Einfluß hydrophober Adsorption nicht. Die K d -Werte der Tone weisen eine positive Abhängigkeit von der K + -Ionenkonzentration und der spezifischen Oberfläche auf. Diese Ergebnsise stehen mit der in der Literatur beschriebenen Adsorption von Nitroaromaten an homoionisch belegten, monomineralischen Tonen via Elektronen-Donator-Akzeptor-Komplexierung (EDA) in Einklang. Dieser bisher nur an homogenen Systemen beschriebene Sorptionsmechanismus kann folglich auch auf differenziert beladene und tonmineralogisch komplexere Systeme angewendet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: A PET tracer is desired to help guide the discovery and development of disease-modifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the predominant tau pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD). We describe the preclinical characterization of the NFT PET tracer 18 F-MK-6240. Methods: In vitro binding studies were conducted with 3 H-MK-6240 in tissue slices and homogenates from cognitively normal and AD human brain donors to evaluate tracer affinity and selectivity for NFTs. Immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated tau was performed on human brain slices for comparison with 3 H-MK-6240 binding patterns on adjacent brain slices. PET studies were performed with 18 F-MK-6240 in monkeys to evaluate tracer kinetics and distribution in the brain. 18 F-MK-6240 monkey PET studies were conducted after dosing with unlabeled MK-6240 to evaluate tracer binding selectivity in vivo. Results: The 3 H-MK-6240 binding pattern was consistent with the distribution of phosphorylated tau in human AD brain slices. 3 H-MK-6240 bound with high affinity to human AD brain cortex homogenates containing abundant NFTs but bound poorly to amyloid plaque–rich, NFT-poor AD brain homogenates. 3 H-MK-6240 showed no displaceable binding in the subcortical regions of human AD brain slices and in the hippocampus/entorhinal cortex of non-AD human brain homogenates. In monkey PET studies, 18 F-MK-6240 displayed rapid and homogeneous distribution in the brain. The 18 F-MK-6240 volume of distribution stabilized rapidly, indicating favorable tracer kinetics. No displaceable binding was observed in self-block studies in rhesus monkeys, which do not natively express NFTs. Moderate defluorination was observed as skull uptake. Conclusion: 18 F-MK-6240 is a promising PET tracer for the in vivo quantification of NFTs in AD patients.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3123
    Topics: Medicine
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