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  • 1
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Laacher See Region ; Eruption
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract ; Zs.-Fassung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95, [54] Bl. = 3.94 MB, Text) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    Language: English
    Note: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2004
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Active fluid and gas transport were measured and observed along more than 200 km of the convergent margin of Costa Rica during cruise SO144-2 aboard RV Sonne. Ten profiles were run with the TV-sled OFOS, eight of which detected the dense occurrence of cold vent sites. This discovery shows that seafloor fluid expulsion is widely spread along the Pacific margin of Costa Rica. Surficial evidence of fluid expulsion is indicated by the appearance of chemosynthetic vent organisms such as bacterial mats, vesicomyid, solemyid and mytilid bivalves and tubeworms. Numerous active vents were indicated by elevated methane concentrations (≤ 200 nmol L–) in the bottom water. Although fluid-venting activity was known previously from a small area south of Nicoya Peninsula, the present study documents active seepage at landslides, headwall scarps related to seamount subduction, morphological intersections of faults and mid-slope mud volcanoes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18 (5). pp. 1517-1534.
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: The dispersion of volcanic emissions in the Earth atmosphere is of interest for climate research, air traffic control and human wellbeing. Current volcanic emission dispersion models rely on fixed-grid structures that often are not able to resolve the fine filamented structure of volcanic emissions being transported in the atmosphere. Here we extend an existing adaptive semi-Lagrangian advection model for volcanic emissions including the sedimentation of volcanic ash. The advection of volcanic emissions is driven by a precalculated wind field. For evaluation of the model, the explosive eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 is chosen, which was one of the largest eruptions in the 20th century. We compare our simulations of the climactic eruption on 15 June 1991 to satellite data of the Pinatubo ash cloud and evaluate different sets of input parameters. We could reproduce the general advection of the Pinatubo ash cloud and, owing to the adaptive mesh, simulations could be performed at a high local resolution while minimizing computational cost. Differences to the observed ash cloud are attributed to uncertainties in the input parameters and the course of Typhoon Yunya, which is probably not completely resolved in the wind data used to drive the model. The best results were achieved for simulations with multiple ash particle sizes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-07-17
    Description: The use of radar Doppler velocimetry for the observation of volcanic activity is new. We used this method to continuously observe the activity of one vent of Stromboli volcano, Italy, from the end of 2000 April until early May. During this period we recorded 702 eruptions, 132 of which occurred before a strong rain storm passed over the island on April 29. In order to interpret the recorded Doppler data we developed a program that simulates different strombolian eruption scenarios, for which we then calculate the theoretical Doppler spectra. Comparing our theoretical data with the observed data we are able to show that most of the eruptions are nearly vertical, although we did observe only one component of the eruption vector with our Doppler radar. One of the most interesting features of the data set is a significant change in eruptive behaviour that correlates with the occurrence of the rain storm: we find that on average the eruption duration increased by a factor of 2, eruptive velocities were much higher and indirect evidence indicates that the average particle diameter of the erupted material decreased. This change may have several causes, but the coincidence with the rain storm may be evidence of magma–water interaction and feedback on the volcanic activity. If the fluid source (rain) changing the eruptive style is at the surface and in near-surface layers then the main control on final eruption dynamics at Stromboli volcano must also be in rather shallow regions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Central American arc volcanism shows strong regional trends in lava chemistry that result from differing slab contributions to arc melting. However, the mechanism that transfers slab-derived trace elements into the mantle wedge remains largely unknown. By using a dynamic model for mantle flow and fluid release, we model the fate of three different slab-fluid sources: sediment, ocean crust, and serpentinized mantle. In the open subarc system, sediments lose almost all their highly fluid mobile elements by ∼50 km depth, so other fluid sources are necessary to explain the slab signal in arc-lava compositions. The well-documented transition from lavas with a strong geochemical slab signature (i.e., high Ba/La ratios) found in Nicaragua to lavas with a weaker slab signature (i.e., low Ba/La ratios) erupted in Costa Rica seems easiest to produce by a higher fraction of serpentine-hosted fluids released from the deeply faulted, highly serpentinized lithosphere subducting beneath Nicaragua than from the less deeply faulted, thicker, amphibolitic oceanic-crust and oceanic-plateau lithosphere subducting beneath Costa Rica.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: The intention of our study was to gain new insight into the complex interplay between different types of eruption of the Stromboli volcano by combining detailed field observation with different geophysical methods. We recorded more than 600 eruptions by use of continuous Doppler radar measurements. We detected the onset of the seismic precursor and the beginning of the visible eruption by use of seismic and infrared data. Two soil samples per day were used to monitor the effect of humidity on the eruptive style. We mapped the crater region as a reference base for the long-term morphological changes of the active region and for the exact positions of our measurement systems. Two distinct types of eruption were distinguished from each other on the basis of seismic and radar data – short, wide-angle Strombolian explosions and pulsating, sharp angle fountain-like eruptions. Data and visual observations imply that weather conditions significantly effect volcanic activity. We also interpret the intensification of eruptive activity during our field study as replenishment of the reservoir with a new batch of magma in late September 2000.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Active fluid and gas transport were measured and observed along more than 200 km of the convergent margin of Costa Rica during cruise SO144-2 aboard RV Sonne. Ten profiles were run with the TV-sled OFOS, eight of which detected the dense occurrence of cold vent sites. This discovery shows that seafloor fluid expulsion is widely spread along the Pacific margin of Costa Rica. Surficial evidence of fluid expulsion is indicated by the appearance of chemosynthetic vent organisms such as bacterial mats, vesicomyid, solemyid and mytilid bivalves and tubeworms. Numerous active vents were indicated by elevated methane concentrations (≤ 200 nmol L–) in the bottom water. Although fluid-venting activity was known previously from a small area south of Nicoya Peninsula, the present study documents active seepage at landslides, headwall scarps related to seamount subduction, morphological intersections of faults and mid-slope mud volcanoes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 131 . pp. 165-178.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-18
    Description: Most simple models for cooling of sheet like intrusions, the Hawaiian lava lakes being one example, neglect the effect of side wall heat loss on the overall thermal evolution. In this paper we extend a conventional one-dimensional (1D) model for cooling of sheet like intrusions to account for lateral heat loss by either prescribing a fixed side wall heat flux, or a heat flux controlled by heat transport in the surrounding wall rock. In the first part of the study we analyze the general interplay between side wall cooling and the thermal evolution of the system; the second part focuses on a comparison between our modeling results including models without and with lateral heat flux, and the Hawaiian lava lake data. This comparison leads to the following three main conclusions: (1) Side wall cooling does have a significant impact on the cooling history of lava lakes. (2) Models assuming a time dependent temperature profile in the wall rock lead to a better fit with the measured temperature data. (3) Due to the sluggish conductive heat transfer in the mush its thermal evolution is significantly decoupled from the temperature evolution of the convecting bulk liquid.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: When teaching at a non-English language universi- ty, we often argue that because English is the international language, students need to become familiar with English terms, even if the bulk of the class is in the native language. However, to make the meaning of the terms clear, a translation into the native language is always useful. Correct translation of terminology is even more crucial for emergency managers and decision makers who can be confronted with a confusing and inconsistently applied mix of terminology. Thus, it is im- perative to have a translation that appropriately converts the meaning of a term, while being grammatically and lexicologically correct, before the need for use. If terms are not consistently defined across all languages following indus- try standards and norms, what one person believes to be a dog, to another is a cat. However, definitions and translations of English scientific and technical terms are not always available, and language is constantly evolving. We live and work in an international world where English is the common language of multi-cultural exchange. As a result, while finding the correct translation can be difficult because we are too used to the English language terms, translated equivalents that are avail- able may not have been through the peer review process. We have explored this issue by discussing grammatically and lexicologically correct French, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Japanese versions for terms involved in communicating effu- sive eruption intensity.
    Description: This is ANR-LAVA contribution no. 2.
    Description: Published
    Description: 57
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: volcanology ; communication ; teaching ; translation ; Translations of volcanological terms ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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