Note: Cover -- Table des matières -- Remerciements -- Introduction -- Chapitre 1 L'expédition du Challenger : la naissance de l'océanographie -- Chapitre 2 De l'océanographie physique aux interactions océan-atmosphère -- Chapitre 3 De la chimie à la biogéochimie marine -- Chapitre 4 De la biologie marine à l'océanographie biologique -- Chapitre 5 Anoxie et chimiosynthèse -- Chapitre 6 Un océan plus chaud, acidifié et moins oxygéné -- Chapitre 7 L'océan à haute résolution -- Chapitre 8 « Défis » pour l'océan -- Conclusion -- Glossaire -- Bibliographie -- Liste des auteurs -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. The Challenger Expedition: The Birth of Oceanography -- 1.1. The Challenger cruise (1872-1876) -- 1.2. From the Challenger to the "golden age" of oceanography -- Chapter 2. From Physical Oceanography to Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions -- 2.1. Technological advances revealing the complexity of the ocean -- 2.1.1. Hydrological measurements -- 2.1.2. Current measurements -- 2.2. The international TOGA and WOCE programs -- 2.3. Observing for short-term forecasting and climate study -- 2.4. Major advances -- 2.5. An ocean of change -- 2.6. Conclusion -- Chapter 3: From Chemistry to Marine Biogeochemistry -- 3.1. The birth of chemical oceanography -- 3.2. From the chemical composition of seawater to that of plankton -- 3.3. Chemical tracers 3 and water mass identification -- 3.4. Advancement of concepts on the pelagic ecosystem -- 3.5. Vertical nutrient inputs and coastal upwellings -- 3.6. Nutrient upwelling and Southern Ocean -- 3.7. Rise of marine biogeochemistry -- 3.8. From local nutrient inputs to large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions -- 3.9. Conclusion -- Chapter 4: From Marine Biology to Biological Oceanography -- 4.1. The key role of marine stations -- 4.2. The beginnings of marine ecology -- 4.3. A case study: a comparative approach to phyto- and zooplankton -- 4.3.1. Progress in phytoplankton analysis -- 4.3.2. History of pigment measurement -- 4.3.3. Progress in zooplankton determination -- 4.4. The rise of marine genomics -- 4.4.1. The starting point: the search for picoplankton -- 4.4.2. Marine genomics, biodiversity and biotechnology -- 4.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Anoxia and Chemosynthesis -- 5.1. Hypoxia and anoxia in the ocean -- 5.1.1. Extension of the dioxygen minimum zone. , 5.1.2. Anoxia and mineralization of organic matter -- 5.2. Eutrophication and anoxia of coastal systems -- 5.2.1. The case of the Baltic Sea -- 5.2.2. "Dead zones" in coastal areas -- 5.3. Hydrothermal ecosystems -- 5.3.1. From suspicion to discovery -- 5.3.2. A wide variety of hydrothermal springs -- 5.3.3. The epic of underwater devices -- 5.3.4. In the deepest depths, autonomous vehicles -- 5.3.5. In deep water, continuous monitoring -- 5.3.6. Biological and ecological aspects -- 5.3.7. Toward laboratory experimentation -- 5.4. Conclusion -- Chapter 6: A Warmer, More Acidified and Less Oxygenated Ocean -- 6.1. Ocean "acidification": process, evolution and impacts -- 6.1.1. From acidity to pH of seawater and carbonate chemistry -- 6.1.2. Variations in ocean pH over geological eras -- 6.1.3. Decrease in ocean pH during the industrial era -- 6.1.4. Decrease in pH and disturbances to the carbonate system -- 6.1.5. Impact of acidification on acoustics -- 6.1.6. Impact of acidification on organisms and ecosystems -- 6.1.7. Impact of acidification on corals -- 6.2. A less productive ocean? -- 6.2.1. What are the impacts of climate change on primary production? -- 6.2.2. What are the impacts on carbon export to the deep ocean? -- 6.2.3. A biological carbon pump activated by climate change? -- 6.2.4. A deep deoxygenated ocean? -- 6.2.5. What are the impacts on plankton? -- 6.3. Impacts of climate change on the ocean -- 6.3.1. Rising sea level -- 6.3.2. Impact on ecosystem services -- 6.4. Conclusion -- Chapter 7: The Ocean at High Resolution -- 7.1. Reminder: the ocean on a large scale -- 7.2. Tools for moving from large to small scale -- 7.2.1. Satellite sensors -- 7.2.2. Underwater gliders -- 7.2.3. Lagrangian floats (profilers) -- 7.2.4. Instrumented animals -- 7.3. A new vision of the ocean. , 7.3.1. Elements of ocean physics at the meso- and submesoscale -- 7.3.2. Frontogenesis and dynamics at the submesoscale -- 7.3.3. High-resolution modeling -- 7.3.4. Impact of mesoscale structures on upper trophic levels -- 7.3.5. Impact of the submesoscale on ecosystem structure -- 7.3.6. Integrating submesoscale dynamics into general circulation models -- 7.3.7. Incorporating diversity into physical-biogeochemical-ecosystem models -- 7.4. Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Challenges for the Ocean -- 8.1. Context -- 8.2. Combining the exploitation of biological resources and sustainable development? -- 8.3. Combining the exploitation of deep sea mineral resources with biodiversity conservation? -- 8.4. Mitigating the anthropogenic greenhouse effect by manipulating the ocean? -- 8.4.1. In the 19th Century -- 8.4.2. A half tanker loaded with iron... -- 8.4.3. Artificial fertilization -- 8.4.4. Natural fertilizations -- 8.4.5. Geo-engineering -- 8.5. Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Glossary of Terms -- References -- List of Authors -- Index -- EULA.