Note: Intro -- Author biographies -- Nikola Šibalić -- C Stuart Adams -- Chapter Introduction -- References -- Chapter Discovery of quantum optics -- 2.1 Optics timeline: from corpuscles and waves to photons -- 2.2 Classical, semi-classical or quantum? -- 2.3 From radio frequency electromagnetic fields controlling quantum systems to quantum optics and back -- References -- Chapter What is quantum in quantum optics? -- 3.1 Einstein's introduction of the photon concept -- 3.2 New types of dynamics brought by quantum theory -- 3.3 When are phenomena or technology quantum? -- 3.4 Single quanta, optics and biological systems -- References -- Chapter One quanta -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 What is a photon? -- 4.3 Photon properties -- 4.4 Photons as qubits -- 4.5 Photon polarization -- 4.6 The Bloch and Poincaré sphere -- 4.7 Photon polarization: linear basis -- 4.8 Density matrix -- 4.9 A photon beam splitter -- 4.10 Rotations -- 4.11 Waveguide beam splitter -- 4.12 Photon creation: a single-photon emitter -- 4.13 Mathematical description of light-matter interactions -- 4.14 Two-level system driven by a near-resonant field -- 4.15 Decay and decoherence -- 4.16 Detecting single photons: homodyne detection -- References -- Chapter Measurements: projective and non-destructive -- 5.1 Bang, and what happens next: quantum jumps and quantum regression theorem -- 5.2 Effects of jumps -- 5.2.1 Post-jump transients viewed in frequency: Mollow triplet -- 5.2.2 Post-jump transients viewed in detection: photon anti-bunching -- 5.2.3 Jumps communicating information overlap: entanglement and interference -- 5.2.4 Quantum non-demolition measurements -- 5.3 Effects of information leakage: new coherent dynamics -- 5.4 On phase in quantum physics -- 5.4.1 Quantum dynamics in full colour: a new convention for figure making. , 5.4.2 Measurement induced feedback with no decay leading to fixed relative phase: electromagnetically induced transparency transient example -- 5.4.3 Well defined relative phase, with no global phase: example of two inverted two-level systems -- References -- Chapter Fighting environmental noise and imperfections -- 6.1 Ramsey sequence -- 6.2 Dynamical decoupling (bang-bang control) -- 6.3 Spin-echo -- 6.4 Switching external perturbation: Dicke narrowing -- 6.5 Non-Markov environments: coupling initially independent field modes -- References -- Chapter Two photons -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Two-photon interference -- 7.3 Hong-Ou-Mandel effect: Fock basis -- 7.4 Bell states -- 7.5 Polarization-entangled photons -- 7.6 Bell's inequality -- 7.7 Two-qubit visualization: rotations -- 7.8 Linear optics quantum computing -- 7.9 Hong-Ou-Mandel effect: non-symmetric network -- 7.10 Controlled-NOT gate -- References -- Chapter Seeing entanglement: counting and correlation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Quantum erasure -- 8.3 Photon experiments -- 8.4 A quantum circuit model -- References -- Chapter Strong interactions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Jaynes-Cummings model -- 9.2.1 Exotic multi-quanta states -- 9.2.2 Squeezed light -- 9.2.3 Cat states -- References -- Chapter Outlook -- 10.1 Semiotics**The study of signs and symbols and of their meaning and use. Its potential power for knowledge transmission was underlined by John Locke (1632-1704) in his 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' first published in 1690: 'Semeiotike, or the doctrine of signs -- the most usual whereof being words, it is aptly enough termed also Logike, logic: the business whereof is to consider the nature of signs, the mind makes use of for the understanding of things, or conveying its knowledge t -- 10.2 Finding and connecting insights -- 10.3 Sharing in accessible and reusable form. , 10.4 Science versus decision making -- Chapter -- A.1 Bloch vector -- A.2 Density matrix -- A.3 Rotations -- A.4 The Rabi solution -- A.5 Quantum regression theorem and two-time correlation calculations.