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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 119, No. 20 ( 2022-05-17)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 20 ( 2022-05-17)
    Abstract: Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus , and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel ( 〉 300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117440119
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Vol. 595, No. 7866 ( 2021-07-08), p. E8-E16
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 595, No. 7866 ( 2021-07-08), p. E8-E16
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03397-3
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
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    Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Vol. 595, No. 7866 ( 2021-07-08), p. E20-E28
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 595, No. 7866 ( 2021-07-08), p. E20-E28
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03464-9
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
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  • 4
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    Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2022
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 8, No. 33 ( 2022-08-19)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 8, No. 33 ( 2022-08-19)
    Abstract: Vertical habitat use by sharks, rays, and skates varies globally and has implications for their conservation and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1754
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Seasonal patterns in stable isotope and fatty acid profiles of southern stingrays (Hypanus americana) at Stingray City Sandbar, Grand Cayman
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-11-12)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-11-12)
    Abstract: Ecotourism opportunities in the marine environment often rely heavily on provisioning to ensure the viewing of cryptic species by the public. However, intentional feeding of wildlife can impact numerous aspects of an animals’ behavior and ecology. Southern stingrays ( Hypanus americana ) provisioned at Stingray City Sandbar (SCS) in Grand Cayman have altered diel activity patterns and decreased measures of health. This study looked at seasonal changes in stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) profiles of provisioned stingrays at SCS. Plasma δ 15 N was higher in male stingrays (11.86 ± 1.71‰) compared to females (10.70 ± 1.71‰). Lower values for δ 15 N in males and females were measured in October during low tourist season, suggesting stingrays may be forced to rely on native prey items to supplement the decreased amount of provisioned squid available during this time. Plasma FA profiles were significantly different between sexes and across sampling time points, with FAs 22:6n3, 16:0, 20:5n3, 18:1n3C, 18:0 and 18:1n9T contributing to dissimilarity scores between groups. Dietary FAs primarily contributed to differences between males and females lending further evidence to differences in foraging patterns at SCS, likely due to intraspecific competition. Further, canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) analysis of FA profiles suggest similar diets during peak tourist season and differences in diet between males and females during the low season. This study demonstrates alterations in feeding ecology in stingrays at SCS which is of critical importance for effective management of the SCS aggregation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76858-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    Hunting behavior of a solitary sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and estimated energy gain after prey capture
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-27)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-27)
    Abstract: Foraging behavior and interaction with prey is an integral component of the ecological niche of predators but is inherently difficult to observe for highly mobile animals in the marine environment. Billfishes have been described as energy speculators, expending a large amount of energy foraging, expecting to offset high costs with periodic high energetic gain. Surface-based group feeding of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, is commonly observed, yet sailfish are believed to be largely solitary roaming predators with high metabolic requirements, suggesting that individual foraging also represents a major component of predator–prey interactions. Here, we use biologging data and video to examine daily activity levels and foraging behavior, estimate metabolic costs, and document a solitary predation event for a 40 kg sailfish. We estimate a median active metabolic rate of 218.9 ± 70.5 mgO 2 kg −1  h −1 which increased to 518.8 ± 586.3 mgO 2 kg −1  h −1 during prey pursuit. Assuming a successful predation, we estimate a daily net energy gain of 2.4 MJ (5.1 MJ acquired, 2.7 MJ expended), supporting the energy speculator model. While group hunting may be a common activity used by sailfish to acquire energy, our calculations indicate that opportunistic individual foraging events offer a net energy return that contributes to the fitness of these highly mobile predators.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28748-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Table_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 10 ( 2023-3-31)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-3-31)
    Abstract: Nassau grouper ( Epinephelus striatus , Serranidae) were one of the most important fishery species in the Caribbean, but are now listed as critically endangered. Population collapse in most places occurred primarily by fishers targeting their spawning aggregation sites, where thousands of fish gathered during full moon periods from December to April. Identifying management options for protecting this vulnerable period is crucial for their survival. In the US Virgin Islands, we tagged 24 Nassau grouper with acoustic transmitters at a fish spawning aggregation (FSA) site called the Grammanik Bank, a 1.5 km 2 , marine protected area (MPA) closed each year from February to April. We tracked their movements over a seven-year period and found that the small MPA protected Nassau grouper only 65% of time during the spawning season. Nassau grouper arrived at the FSA from January to May, with a peak in March, and made daily roundtrip migrations (1-25 km) from the FSA site. Females swam twice as far as males, while males were more sedentary and remained longer (22 d) at the FSA than females (9 d); behavioural characteristics that may cause differential bycatch mortality among sexes. We also found nearly half of all fish were temporary residents within 5 km of the FSA site for 2 to 6 months after the spawning season. This mismatch of MPA size and timing of closed season provided the impetus for developing new guidelines for protection. The large acoustic array allowed us to calculate spatially relevant areas useful for conservation including courtship arena (1.2 km 2 ), staging area (4.7 km 2 ) and primary migration pathways (9.6 km 2 ) used by Nassau grouper during spawning season. To improve conservation goals of this endangered species, increasing the Grammanik Bank seasonal closure to five months and its size to 6.4 km 2 would increase protection to & gt;96%. These spatial and temporal changes to existing management regulations incorporate the best available data to improve conservation goals by reducing potential bycatch mortality, eliminating disturbance of spawning fish, and protecting critical spawning habitat for Nassau grouper. These guidelines may also be applied more broadly to other Nassau grouper FSA sites located on large insular or continental shelfs areas throughout the Caribbean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1154689
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1154689.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Age and growth of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) at an insular nursery in the southern Caribbean
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Marine and Freshwater Research Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 2021), p. 163-
    Details
    In: Marine and Freshwater Research, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 2021), p. 163-
    Abstract: During the first few years of life, lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) occupy discrete nursery areas in small numbers ( & lt;100). Biotic and abiotic features vary among nursery areas, resulting in young sharks experiencing a range of physical and biological conditions that, in turn, influence life-history characteristics such as growth and mortality and are, therefore, directly related to population structure and ability to withstand fishing pressure. In the present study, we used tag and recapture data to estimate growth rates and construct size at age models for lemon sharks at Los Roques, Venezuela. Annual growth rates of lemon sharks were comparable to those in other nursery areas, but considerably higher than those reported for the well studied nursery at Bimini, Bahamas. Growth rate increased with age during the first 4 years of life for lemon sharks at Los Roques, while they occupied the nursery area. Comparison of growth rates of lemon sharks among geographically separate nursery areas showed no obvious relationships between growth rate and latitude or temperature. For species with broad geographical distributions, consideration of variability of life-history characteristics such as growth is important for accurate stock assessment and effective large-scale management of populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-1650
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/MF20070
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    High-resolution post-release behaviour and recovery periods of two highly prized recreational sportfish: the blue marlin and sailfish
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 79, No. 7 ( 2022-09-28), p. 2055-2068
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 79, No. 7 ( 2022-09-28), p. 2055-2068
    Abstract: High recreational catch rates of istiophorid billfishes in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) have led to substantial eco-tourism derived economic benefits for the countries in the region, prompting many countries to mandate catch-and-release practices for recreational anglers. Previous estimates of billfish post-release behaviours and recovery periods after these physiologically stressful capture events, however, vary widely depending on the type of tag used. Using high-resolution, multi-sensor biologging tags, we provide a fine-scale, detailed view of the behaviour and recovery periods of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans; n = 9) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus, Istiophoridae; n = 9) caught in a typical recreational fishery in the ETP. Angling times ranged from 4 to 90 min, and fish were monitored for periods of 6–70 h after release. Blue marlin showed a characteristic long, deep dive immediately after release, with significantly greater duration associated with longer fight times, a behaviour not typical for sailfish. Diving depths were, however, much shallower than those previously reported for both species due to the shallow thermocline and oxycline present in the ETP. Data from 40 derived metrics from acceleration (i.e. tailbeat period, amplitude, pitch, etc.) and physical parameters (i.e. depth, speed, temperature, oxygen saturation, etc.) used to quantify a recovery period suggest blue marlin and sailfish recover 9.0 ± 3.2 and 4.9 ± 2.8 h after release, respectively. Our high-resolution assessment of post-release behaviour suggests that these billfish are capable of rapid physiological recovery after capture in recreational fisheries, and that catch-and-release practices like those used here can be an effective approach to conserve and sustain billfish populations in the ETP. Predicted climate change caused shallowing of the oxygen minimum zone, however, would increase the vertical habitat compression present in this region, potentially prolonging or inhibiting recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsac137
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    First insights into the vertical habitat use of the whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari revealed by pop‐up satellite archival tags
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology Vol. 98, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 89-101
    Details
    In: Journal of Fish Biology, Wiley, Vol. 98, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 89-101
    Abstract: The whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari is a tropical to warm‐temperate benthopelagic batoid that ranges widely throughout the western Atlantic Ocean. Despite conservation concerns for the species, its vertical habitat use and diving behaviour remain unknown. Patterns and drivers in the depth distribution of A. narinari were investigated at two separate locations, the western North Atlantic (Islands of Bermuda) and the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A.). Between 2010 and 2014, seven pop‐up satellite archival tags were attached to A. narinari using three methods: a through‐tail suture, an external tail‐band and through‐wing attachment. Retention time ranged from 0 to 180 days, with tags attached via the through‐tail method retained longest. Tagged rays spent the majority of time (82.85 ± 12.17% S.D.) within the upper 10 m of the water column and, with one exception, no rays travelled deeper than ~26 m. One Bermuda ray recorded a maximum depth of 50.5 m, suggesting that these animals make excursions off the fore‐reef slope of the Bermuda Platform. Individuals occupied deeper depths (7.42 ± 3.99 m S.D.) during the day versus night (4.90 ± 2.89 m S.D.), which may be explained by foraging and/or predator avoidance. Each individual experienced a significant difference in depth and temperature distributions over the diel cycle. There was evidence that mean hourly depth was best described by location and individual variation using a generalized additive mixed model approach. This is the first study to compare depth distributions of A. narinari from different locations and describe the thermal habitat for this species. Our study highlights the importance of region in describing A. narinari depth use, which may be relevant when developing management plans, whilst demonstrating that diel patterns appear to hold across individuals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1112 , 1095-8649
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.v98.1
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14560
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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