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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Design of a Planting Module for an Automatic Device for Forest Regeneration
    Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb ; 2023
    In:  Croatian journal of forest engineering Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2023), p. 203-215
    Details
    In: Croatian journal of forest engineering, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2023), p. 203-215
    Kurzfassung: Forest regeneration by means of seedlings grown in container nurseries is usually performed manually with the use of the standard dibble bar or the tube dibble. Manual placement of a large number of seedlings in the soil requires a lot of work. Manual removal of the soil cover and digging the soil in spots with a diameter of 0.4 m requires, under average conditions, about 38 man-hours/ha, while planting with a dibble bar requires about 34 man-hours/ha. Additional work time is needed to carry seedlings over an area that is being afforested. At present, forestry does not have automatic planters that would enable the establishment of forest cultures. The aim of the paper is to present the concept of an autonomous robot and an innovative technology of performing forest regeneration and afforestation of former agricultural and reclaimed areas. The paper also presents the design solutions of the key working unit, which is a universal, openable dibble, cooperating with a three-toothed shaft to prepare a planting spot. The solution proposed enables continuous operation of the machine, i.e. without the need to stop the base vehicle.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1848-9672 , 1845-5719
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5552/crojfe
    DOI: 10.5552/crojfe.2023.1722
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2262219-6
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How Can the Engineering Parameters of the NIR Grader Affect the Efficiency of Seed Grading?
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-10), p. 2125-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-10), p. 2125-
    Kurzfassung: The automated grading of Scots pine seeds in the near-infrared wavelength region (NIR grading) is a starting point for further actions, such as coating and priming. This reduces the time and financial costs and increases the accuracy of seed viability classification compared to invasive techniques. The NIR-based wave reflected from each pine seed must be detected and processed with sufficient accuracy. To focus the reflected beam, we used fiber-optic Bragg grating, a Bragg mirror, and diffraction grating. For each focusing option based on the DOE matrix, one experiment of 20 runs (n = 20) and three replicas (m = 3) in each run was conducted. In each replica, we used 100 conditioned and 100 non-conditioned seeds (NC + NNC = 200) selected randomly from five samples weighing 50 g from a seedlot weighing 1 kg extracted from cones collected from a natural tree stand. Three experiments were conducted on the NIR grading of Scots pine seeds using an optoelectronic device. An adequate DOE regression model of the grading efficiency function was obtained. The functions included the following arguments: angle of incidence of the optical beam, NIR wavelength reflected from the seed, and height of the seed pipeline. The influence of the inclination angle of the light source relative to the plane of pine seed movement on the grading quality prevails over other factors. The NIR grading of Scots pine seeds allows the separation of seeds according to the viability index, which is important, since dead petrified seeds (possibly up to 25%) may occur in the seed batch, which cannot be eliminated by either seed size or mass. The peak of NIR grading is achieved by combining the average grader engineering parameters: 968–973 nm for the wavelength and 44–46 degrees for the inclination angle of the reflected beam at a seed pipe size of 0.18–0.23 m.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12122125
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2651678-0
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Systemy wizyjne automatu do przedsiewnego przygotowania żołędzi
    Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT, sp. z.o.o. ; 2021
    In:  PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-1-2), p. 190-193
    Details
    In: PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT, sp. z.o.o., Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-1-2), p. 190-193
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0033-2097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15199/48.2021.01.39
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT, sp. z.o.o.
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2713280-8
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Estimation of Productivity and Costs of Using a Track Mini-Harvester with a Stroke Head for the First Commercial Thinning of a Scots Pine Stand
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2021-06-30), p. 870-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2021-06-30), p. 870-
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the present work was to estimate the productivity and costs of timber harvesting and forwarding during the first commercial thinning of a Scots pine stand. Three harvesting models were introduced and compared: narrow trail, wide access trail, and schematic extraction. The analyzed harvesting equipment consisted of a track mini-excavator (34 kW) with a stroke harvester head (gripping range 4–30 cm), and a farm tractor coupled to a logging trailer with a hydraulic crane. Merchantable timber (roundwood with a minimum diameter of 5 cm inside bark) was harvested from a 25-year-old planted Scots pine stand growing on a grid of 1.4 m × 1.8 m. The study showed the productivity of the mini-harvester ranged from 3.09 to 3.47 m3/PMH15 (productive machine hours plus 15 min), and that of the forwarding equipment to be 4.07 m3/PMH15. The analyzed model of productivity as a function of tree volume and thinning intensity was statistically significant, but the intensity parameter was significant only on plots located along wide access trails (3.7 m) and insignificant on plots located along narrow access trails (2.5 m). The distance between trees was not found to be significant. The calculated net machine costs for the forwarding equipment and track mini-harvester were EUR 36.12 and 52.47 per PMH, respectively. An increase in the usage rate of the harvesting equipment to 80% would reduce the harvesting and forwarding costs to EUR 22.07/m3.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12070870
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2527081-3
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Carbon sink potential and allocation in above- and below-ground biomass in willow coppice
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 349-354
    Details
    In: Journal of Forestry Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 349-354
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1007-662X , 1993-0607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11676-019-01089-3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2299615-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Survival and nutrient supply of seedlings of different tree species at the early stages of afforestation of a hard coal mine dump
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Ecological Engineering Vol. 167 ( 2021-09), p. 106270-
    Details
    In: Ecological Engineering, Elsevier BV, Vol. 167 ( 2021-09), p. 106270-
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0925-8574
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106270
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Elsevier BV
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2000805-3
    ZDB Id: 1127407-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Analysis of the physical properties of spindle seeds for seed sorting operations
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-07-01)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-07-01)
    Kurzfassung: The relationships between the basic physical properties of seeds of selected spindle species were evaluated for the needs of seed sorting operations. Physical properties were measured in the seeds of five spindle species, and the presence of relationships between these attributes was determined in correlation and regression analyses. The average values of the evaluated parameters were determined in the following range: terminal velocity—from 9.2 to 10.3 m s −1 , thickness—from 2.57 to 3.26 mm, width—from 2.87 to 3.74 mm, length—from 3.94 to 5.52 mm, angle of external friction—from 20.7° to 24.6°, mass—from 16.5 to 33.8 mg. Spindle seeds were arranged in the following ascending order based on their geometric mean diameter: winged spindle, Hamilton’s spindle, large-winged spindle, broadleaf spindle and European spindle. Spindle seeds should be separated in a sieve equipped with at least two mesh screens with slotted apertures. Depending on the processed spindle species, aperture size should range from ≠ 2.7 to ≠ 3.5 mm in the top screen, and from ≠ 2.4 to ≠ 3.0 mm in the bottom screen.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93166-z
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2615211-3
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The mental workload of harvester operators working in steep terrain conditions
    Finnish Society of Forest Science ; 2020
    In:  Silva Fennica Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 2020)
    Details
    In: Silva Fennica, Finnish Society of Forest Science, Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 2020)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2242-4075
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14214/sf.10355
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Finnish Society of Forest Science
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2016943-7
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Root Collar Diameter Growth Reveals a Strong Relationship with the Height Growth of Juvenile Scots Pine Trees from Seeds Differentiated by Spectrometric Feature
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Forests Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2023-06-05), p. 1164-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2023-06-05), p. 1164-
    Kurzfassung: This study is intended for forest owners considering options to increase the efficiency of the production of forest seedlings in automated nurseries. In the short rotation technology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), the production of seedlings was integrated in the process of grading seeds by spectrometric features, followed by the fall outplanting of containerized seedlings to a restorable post-pyrogenic site. There are studies of the spectrometric effect grading viable seeds, but a negligible amount of testing has been conducted on the seedling’s field performance from these seeds. It was very important for us to evaluate the morphogenesis of juvenile Scots pine trees in relation to the change in morphological features—increase in root collar diameter (RCD-increment) and increase in stem height (SH-increment)—in the second and third growing season from the field outplanting. To determine the nature of the interaction between independent (RCD increase), dependent (SH-increment), and categorical (seed spectrometric categories and timespans) variables, a regression analysis was performed using the R statistical software. All coefficients of the linear models are statistically significant at the 1% significance level, and all are positively associated with an increase in seedling height. On average, a RCD increment by 0.1 cm causes a SH-increment by 0.72 ± 0.16 cm (p = 9.779 × 10−6). In addition, in 2020, compared to 2019, the SH-increment was 5.46 ± 0.37 cm (p 〈 0.001). The seeds’ differentiation into spectrometric categories is strongly correlated with the stem height increment (p 〈 0.001). Thus, in order to improve the plant propagation protocol, it seems advisable to first condition the seeds in accordance with the spectrometric feature, and to then apply a coating (by pelleting or encapsulating) in order to improve the storage and seeding conditions. For a medium-term assessment of the short rotation technology with an integrated seed spectrometric grading in the future, the morphogenesis of Scots pine trees at 5, 7 and 10 growing seasons from the seedlings field outplanting is controlled.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f14061164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2527081-3
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Impact of MHT9002HV Tracked Harvester on Forest Soil after Logging in Steeply Sloping Terrain
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Forests Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2023-05-09), p. 977-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2023-05-09), p. 977-
    Kurzfassung: The article presents the results of measurements regarding the impact of the MHT9002HV tracked harvester on surface deformations and changing the physical parameters of the soil of three operational trails. The measurements were made in the terrain with a longitudinal slope of up to 14.9° (33.2%) and a transverse slope of up to 8.8° (17.9%). Spruce deadwood trees in mountain forest habitats were harvested. Static Eijkelkamp Penetrologger 0615SA and dynamic own design penetrometer were used to measure penetration resistance, soil samples were taken to determine bulk density, moisture content, and ground deformations on the trails were measured with a laser profilometer. A statistically significant increase in soil penetration resistance measured with penetrometers occurred for trails in the left rut at a depth of 16–20 cm. The change in the bulk density and moisture content proved statistically insignificant. The maximum ground deformation on the trails reached an average of 5.9 cm. The selection of a machine with low unit pressures (33 kPa), under the given favorable atmospheric conditions (there was a high temperature reaching 35 °C), with low soil moisture, protective organic layer of high thickness, and post-limbing residues, was optimal. The comparison of the results of the compactness measurements made with different penetrometers shows that the values obtained for the static penetrometer 0615SA are lower than those of the dynamic penetrometer of our own design. This is due to the lack of registration of high compactness in the memory of the 0615SA device. In the case of the impact penetrometer measurement, this problem does not occur, however, the presented solution does not allow performing a large number of measurements, and data processing in the case of such a simple solution is tedious. There is a need to develop a new penetrometer useful for determining soil compaction under similar difficult measurement conditions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f14050977
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2527081-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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