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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ommochrome Wing Pigments in the Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Insect Science Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2022-11-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Insect Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2022-11-01)
    Abstract: Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use bright orange coloration to warn off predators as well as for sexual selection. Surprisingly the underlying pigment compounds have not been previously characterized. We used LCMS and fragmentation MS (including MSMS and MSn) of extracted pigments from nonmigratory summer-generation female monarch forewings to identify and provide relative quantitation of various orange pigments from D. plexippus. We observed seven ommochrome pigments, with xanthommatin and decarboxylated xanthommatin being the most abundant followed by xanthommatin methyl ester. Among the seven pigments, we also observed molecules that correspond to deaminated forms of these three amine-containing pigments. To the best of our knowledge, these deaminated compounds have not been previously discovered. A seventh pigment that we observed was α-hydroxyxanthommatin methyl ester, previously described in other nymphalid butterflies. We also show that chemical reduction of pigment extracts results in a change of their color from yellow to red, concomitant with the appearance of dihydro-xanthommatin and similarly reduced forms of the other pigment compounds. These findings indicate that monarchs may employ differences in the redox states of these pigments in order to achieve different hues of orange.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1536-2442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac076
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049098-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mountain- and brown hare genetic polymorphisms to survey local adaptations and conservation status of the heath hare (Lepus timidus sylvaticus, Nilsson 1831)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Scientific Data Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-11-03)
    Details
    In: Scientific Data, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-11-03)
    Abstract: We provide the first whole genome sequences from three specimens of the mountain hare subspecies the heath hare ( Lepus timidus sylvaticus ), along with samples from two mountain hares ( Lepus timidus timidus ) and two brown hares ( Lepus europaeus ) from Sweden. The heath hare has a unique grey winter pelage as compared to other mountain hares (white) and brown hares (mostly brown), and face regional extinction, likely due to competitive exclusion from the non-native brown hare. Whole genome resequencing from the seven hare specimens were mapped to the Lepus timidus pseudoreference genome and used for detection of 11,363,883 polymorphic nucleotide positions. The data presented here could be useful for addressing local adaptations and conservation status of mountain hares and brown hares in Sweden, including unique subspecies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-4463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01794-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775191-0
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