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  • 2020-2024  (193)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence Chatbot: How Well Does It Answer Accounting Assessment Questions?
    American Accounting Association ; 2023
    In:  Issues in Accounting Education ( 2023-11-01), p. 1-28
    Details
    In: Issues in Accounting Education, American Accounting Association, ( 2023-11-01), p. 1-28
    Abstract: ChatGPT, a language-learning model chatbot, has garnered considerable attention for its ability to respond to users’ questions. Using data from 14 countries and 186 institutions, we compare ChatGPT and student performance for 28,085 questions from accounting assessments and textbook test banks. As of January 2023, ChatGPT provides correct answers for 56.5 percent of questions and partially correct answers for an additional 9.4 percent of questions. When considering point values for questions, students significantly outperform ChatGPT with a 76.7 percent average on assessments compared to 47.5 percent for ChatGPT if no partial credit is awarded and 56.5 percent if partial credit is awarded. Still, ChatGPT performs better than the student average for 15.8 percent of assessments when we include partial credit. We provide evidence of how ChatGPT performs on different question types, accounting topics, class levels, open/closed assessments, and test bank questions. We also discuss implications for accounting education and research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-3172 , 1558-7983
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2308/ISSUES-2023-013
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Accounting Association
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068538-5
    SSG: 3,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Altered TCA Cycle Flux Parallels Insulin Resistance And Metabolic Inflexibility In Late Chronotype With Obesity : 882
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 292-292
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 292-292
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1530-0315 , 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000762520.46012.44
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility Parallel Plasma TCA Levels in Early Chronotype With Metabolic Syndrome
    The Endocrine Society ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2022-07-14), p. e3487-e3496
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2022-07-14), p. e3487-e3496
    Abstract: People characterized as late chronotype have elevated type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk compared to early chronotype. It is unclear how chronotype is associated with insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or plasma TCA cycle intermediates concentration, amino acids (AA), and/or beta-oxidation. Objective This study examined these metabolic associations with chronotype. Methods The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to classify adults with metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) as either early (n = 15 [13F], MEQ = 64.7 ± 1.4) or late (n = 19 [16F] , MEQ = 45.5 ± 1.3) chronotype. Fasting bloods determined hepatic (HOMA-IR) and adipose insulin resistance (Adipose-IR) while a 120-minute euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min, 5 mmoL/L) was performed to test peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate). Carbohydrate (CHOOX) and fat oxidation (FOX), as well as nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), were also estimated (indirect calorimetry). Plasma tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, AA, and acyl-carnitines were measured along with VO2max and body composition (DXA). Results There were no statistical differences in age, BMI, fat-free mass, VO2max, or ATP III criteria between groups. Early chronotype, however, had higher peripheral insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) and lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.02) and Adipose-IR (P = 0.05) compared with late chronotype. Further, early chronotype had higher NOGD (P = 0.008) and greater insulin-stimulated CHOOX (P = 0.02). While fasting lactate (P = 0.01), TCA intermediates (isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate; all P ≤ 0.04) and some AA (proline, isoleucine; P = 0.003-0.05) were lower in early chronotype, other AA (threonine, histidine, arginine; all P ≤ 0.05) and most acyl-carnitines were higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared with late chronotype. Conclusion Greater insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility relates to plasma TCA concentration in early chronotype.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac233
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extracellular vesicles and insulin‐mediated vascular function in metabolic syndrome
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Physiological Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01)
    Details
    In: Physiological Reports, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01)
    Abstract: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) raises cardiovascular disease risk. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of insulin sensitivity, although few studies on vascular function exist in humans. We determined the effect of insulin on EVs in relation to vascular function. Adults with MetS ( n  = 51, n  = 9 M, 54.8 ± 1.0 years, 36.4 ± 0.7 kg/m 2 , ATPIII: 3.5 ± 0.1 a.u., VO 2 max: 22.1 ± 0.6 ml/kg/min) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (M‐value) was determined during a euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m 2 /min, 90 mg/dl), and blood was collected for EVs (CD105+, CD45+, CD41+, TX+, and CD31+; spectral flow cytometry), inflammation, insulin, and substrates. Central hemodynamics (applanation tonometry) was determined at 0 and 120 min via aortic waveforms. Pressure myography was used to assess insulin‐induced arterial vasodilation from mouse 3rd order mesenteric arteries (100–200 μm in diameter) at 0.2, 2 and 20 nM of insulin with EVs from healthy and MetS adults. Adults with MetS had low peripheral insulin sensitivity (2.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg/min) and high HOMA‐IR (4.7 ± 0.4 a.u.) plus Adipose‐IR (13.0 ± 1.3 a.u.). Insulin decreased total/particle counts ( p   〈  0.001), CD45+ EVs ( p  = 0.002), AIx75 ( p  = 0.005) and Pb ( p  = 0.04), FFA ( p   〈  0.001), total adiponectin ( p  = 0.006), ICAM ( p  = 0.002), and VCAM ( p  = 0.03). Higher M‐value related to lower fasted total EVs ( r  = −0.40, p  = 0.004) while higher Adipose‐IR associated with higher fasted EVs ( r  = 0.42, p  = 0.004) independent of VAT. Fasting CD105+ and CD45+ derived total EVs correlated with fasting AIx75 ( r  = 0.29, p   〈  0.05) and Pb ( r  = 0.30, p   〈  0.05). EVs from MetS participants blunted insulin‐induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries compared with increases from healthy controls across insulin doses (all p   〈  0.005). These data highlight EVs as potentially novel mediators of vascular insulin sensitivity and disease risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2051-817X , 2051-817X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15530
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2724325-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity with Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping in Metabolic Syndrome
    S. Karger AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Vascular Research Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2022), p. 151-162
    Details
    In: Journal of Vascular Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2022), p. 151-162
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) dipping is independently related to cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear if vascular insulin sensitivity associates with SBP dipping in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Eighteen adults with MetS (ATP III criteria 3.3 ± 0.6; 53.2 ± 6.5 years; body mass index 35.8 ± 4.5 kg/m 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 ) were categorized as “dippers” (≥10% change in SBP; 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 4 F/3 M) or “non-dippers” ( & #x3c;10%; 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 9 F/2 M). Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure was recorded to assess SBP dipping. A euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (40 mU/m 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 /min, 90 mg/dL) with ultrasound (flow mediated dilation) was performed to test vascular insulin sensitivity. A graded, incremental exercise test was conducted to estimate sympathetic activity. Heart rate (HR) recovery after exercise was then used to determine parasympathetic activity. Metabolic panels and body composition (DXA) were also tested. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Dippers had greater drops in SBP (16.63 ± 5.2 vs. 1.83 ± 5.6%, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.01) and experienced an attenuated rise in both SBP 〈 sub 〉 slope 〈 /sub 〉 (4.7 ± 2.3 vs. 7.2 ± 2.5 mm Hg/min, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.05) and HR 〈 sub 〉 slope 〈 /sub 〉 to the incremental exercise test compared to non-dippers (6.5 ± 0.9 vs. 8.2 ± 1.7 bpm/min, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.03). SBP dipping correlated with higher insulin-stimulated flow-mediated dilation ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 = 0.52, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.03), although the relationship was no longer significant after covarying for HR 〈 sub 〉 slope 〈 /sub 〉 ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉  = 0.42,  〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.09). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Attenuated rises in blood pressure and HR to exercise appear to play a larger role than vascular insulin sensitivity in SBP dipping in adults with MetS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-1172 , 1423-0135
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000522063
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482726-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brain insulin resistance and cognitive function: influence of exercise
    American Physiological Society ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 133, No. 6 ( 2022-12-01), p. 1368-1380
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 133, No. 6 ( 2022-12-01), p. 1368-1380
    Abstract: Exercise has systemic health benefits in people, in part, through improving whole body insulin sensitivity. The brain is an insulin-sensitive organ that is often underdiscussed relative to skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Although brain insulin action may have only subtle impacts on peripheral regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, it is important for weight regulation as well as mental health. In fact, brain insulin signaling is also involved in processes that support healthy cognition. Furthermore, brain insulin resistance has been associated with age-related declines in memory and executive function as well as Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Herein, we provide an overview of brain insulin sensitivity in relation to cognitive function from animal and human studies, with particular emphasis placed on the impact exercise may have on brain insulin sensitivity. Mechanisms discussed include mitochondrial function, brain growth factors, and neurogenesis, which collectively help combat obesity-related metabolic disease and Alzheimer’s dementia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00375.2022
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sympathovagal Balance And Insulin-stimulated Blood Flow Relates To Blood Pressure Dipping In Metabolic Syndrome : 292
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 91-92
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 91-92
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1530-0315 , 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000760180.17787.be
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insulin infusion decreases medium-sized extracellular vesicles in adults with metabolic syndrome
    American Physiological Society ; 2022
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol. 323, No. 4 ( 2022-10-01), p. E378-E388
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, American Physiological Society, Vol. 323, No. 4 ( 2022-10-01), p. E378-E388
    Abstract: Elevated extracellular vesicles (EVs) are associated with glucose dysmetabolism. However, the effects of insulin on EVs and subsequent relationships with insulin sensitivity, substrate oxidation, and inflammation are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that insulin would lower EVs and relate to insulin action. Fifty-one sedentary adults (54.8 ± 1.0 yr; V̇o 2peak : 22.1 ± 0.6 mL/kg/min) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity (36.4 ± 0.65 kg/m 2 ) underwent a 2-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (5 mmol/L; 40 mU/m 2 /min). Count and size (medium: 200–624 nm; larger: 625–1,000 nm) for total particle count, endothelial- (CD105+), leukocyte- (CD45+), platelet- (CD41+), and tetraspanin- (TX+: CD9/CD81/CD63), as well as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule- (CD31+) derived EVs were determined before and following the clamp using Full Spectrum Profiling (FSP M ). Size and MESF (molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome) data were generated using FCM PASS Software. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation, in addition to high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), were measured to understand insulin effects and associations between EVs, metabolic flexibility, and inflammation. Despite low metabolic insulin sensitivity (M-Value = 2.56 ± 0.17 mg/kg/min), insulin increased carbohydrate ( P = 0.015) and decreased fat oxidation ( P = 0.048) and hsCRP ( P = 0.016) compared with fasting. Insulin also decreased total particle count ( P 〈 0.001), attributable to decreased medium-sized CD105+ ( P = 0.052) and CD45+ EVs ( P 〈 0.001). Elevated fasting insulin was associated with reduced insulin-stimulated changes in all EVs phenotypes ( P 〈 0.001). Interestingly, fasting EVs were associated with increased fasting carbohydrate oxidation (all P 〈 0.05). These findings suggest that insulin decreases medium-sized EVs in conjunction with metabolic flexibility under euglycemic conditions in adults with MetS. More research is needed to determine how therapies alter EV phenotype/size and consequent cardiometabolic risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is one of the first to investigate the effects of insulin on medium and larger extracellular vesicles (EVs) in relation to metabolic insulin sensitivity and fuel use in adults with metabolic syndrome. Our data suggest that insulin infusion decreases the concentration of total particle counts, mainly due to reductions in medium-sized EVs. Furthermore, EVs, predominantly medium-sized, are inversely associated with metabolic flexibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0193-1849 , 1522-1555
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00022.2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477331-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extracellular Vesicles Correlate With Hypertensive Response To Exercise In Adults With Metabolic Syndrome : 1349
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 444-444
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 444-444
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1530-0315 , 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000764384.11155.91
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metformin May Contribute to Inter-individual Variability for Glycemic Responses to Exercise
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Endocrinology Vol. 11 ( 2020-8-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Endocrinology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2020-8-11)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2392
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00519
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2592084-4
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