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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 119-188
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 119-188
    Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.1
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14904
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Machine Learning–Based Perivascular Space Volumetry in Alzheimer Disease
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2024
    In:  Investigative Radiology Vol. 59, No. 9 ( 2024-9), p. 667-676
    Details
    In: Investigative Radiology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 59, No. 9 ( 2024-9), p. 667-676
    Abstract: Impaired perivascular clearance has been suggested as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it remains unresolved when the anatomy of the perivascular space (PVS) is altered during AD progression. Therefore, this study investigates the association between PVS volume and AD progression in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, both with and without subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and in those clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. Materials and Methods A convolutional neural network was trained using manually corrected, filter-based segmentations (n = 1000) to automatically segment the PVS in the centrum semiovale from interpolated, coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans (n = 894). These scans were sourced from the national German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. Convolutional neural network–based segmentations and those performed by a human rater were compared in terms of segmentation volume, identified PVS clusters, as well as Dice score. The comparison revealed good segmentation quality (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.70 with P 〈 0.0001 for PVS volume, detection rate in cluster analysis = 84.3%, and Dice score = 59.0%). Subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for participants' age, was performed to correlate PVS volume with clinical diagnoses, disease progression, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, lifestyle factors, and cognitive function. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Cognitive Subscale of the 13-Item Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale. Results Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, revealed that participants with AD and MCI, but not those with SCD, had significantly higher PVS volumes compared with CU participants without SCD ( P = 0.001 for each group). Furthermore, CU participants who developed incident MCI within 4.5 years after the baseline assessment showed significantly higher PVS volumes at baseline compared with those who did not progress to MCI ( P = 0.03). Cognitive function was negatively correlated with PVS volume across all participant groups ( P ≤ 0.005 for each). No significant correlation was found between PVS volume and any of the following parameters: cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, sleep quality, body mass index, nicotine consumption, or alcohol abuse. Conclusions The very early changes of PVS volume may suggest that alterations in PVS function are involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Overall, the volumetric assessment of centrum semiovale PVS represents a very early imaging biomarker for AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1536-0210 , 0020-9996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000001077
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041543-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80345-5
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  • 3
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    A generalizable data-driven model of atrophy heterogeneity and progression in memory clinic settings
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024
    In:  Brain Vol. 147, No. 7 ( 2024-07-05), p. 2400-2413
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 147, No. 7 ( 2024-07-05), p. 2400-2413
    Abstract: Memory clinic patients are a heterogeneous population representing various aetiologies of pathological ageing. It is not known whether divergent spatiotemporal progression patterns of brain atrophy, as previously described in Alzheimer’s disease patients, are prevalent and clinically meaningful in this group of older adults. To uncover distinct atrophy subtypes, we applied the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to baseline structural MRI data from 813 participants enrolled in the DELCODE cohort (mean ± standard deviation, age = 70.67 ± 6.07 years, 52% females). Participants were cognitively unimpaired (n = 285) or fulfilled diagnostic criteria for subjective cognitive decline (n = 342), mild cognitive impairment (n = 118) or dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (n = 68). Atrophy subtypes were compared in baseline demographics, fluid Alzheimer’s disease biomarker levels, the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC-5) as well as episodic memory and executive functioning. PACC-5 trajectories over up to 240 weeks were examined. To test whether baseline atrophy subtype and stage predicted clinical trajectories before manifest cognitive impairment, we analysed PACC-5 trajectories and mild cognitive impairment conversion rates of cognitively unimpaired participants and those with subjective cognitive decline. Limbic-predominant and hippocampal-sparing atrophy subtypes were identified. Limbic-predominant atrophy initially affected the medial temporal lobes, followed by further temporal regions and, finally, the remaining cortical regions. At baseline, this subtype was related to older age, more pathological Alzheimer’s disease biomarker levels, APOE ε4 carriership and an amnestic cognitive impairment. Hippocampal-sparing atrophy initially occurred outside the temporal lobe, with the medial temporal lobe spared up to advanced atrophy stages. This atrophy pattern also affected individuals with positive Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers and was associated with more generalized cognitive impairment. Limbic-predominant atrophy, in all participants and in only unimpaired participants, was linked to more negative longitudinal PACC-5 slopes than observed in participants without or with hippocampal-sparing atrophy and increased the risk of mild cognitive impairment conversion. SuStaIn modelling was repeated in a sample from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort. Highly similar atrophy progression patterns and associated cognitive profiles were identified. Cross-cohort model generalizability, at both the subject and the group level, was excellent, indicating reliable performance in previously unseen data. The proposed model is a promising tool for capturing heterogeneity among older adults at early at-risk states for Alzheimer’s disease in applied settings. The implementation of atrophy subtype- and stage-specific end points might increase the statistical power of pharmacological trials targeting early Alzheimer’s disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae118
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474117-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80072-7
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  • 4
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    Intraoperative endoluminal pyloromyotomy as a novel approach to reduce delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy—a retrospective study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery Vol. 406, No. 4 ( 2021-06), p. 1103-1110
    Details
    In: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 406, No. 4 ( 2021-06), p. 1103-1110
    Abstract: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most common complications after pylorus-preserving partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (ppPD). The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether an intraoperative pyloromyotomy during ppPD prior to the creation of duodenojejunostomy reduces DGE. Methods Patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2015 and December 2017 were divided into two groups on the basis of whether an intraoperative pyloromyotomy was performed (pyloromyotomy (PM) group) or not (no pyloromyotomy (NP) group). The primary endpoint was DGE according to the ISGPS definition. The confirmatory analysis of the primary endpoint was performed with multivariate analysis. Results One hundred and ten patients were included in the statistical analysis. Pyloromyotomy was performed in 44 of 110 (40%) cases. DGE of any grade was present in 62 patients (56.4%). The DGE rate was lower in the PM group (40.9%) compared with the NP group (66.7%), and pyloromyotomy was associated with a reduced risk for DGE in univariate (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16–0.76; P  = 0.008) and multivariate analyses (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.77; P  = 0.011). The presence of an intra-abdominal complication was an independent risk factor for DGE in the multivariate analysis (OR 5.54, 95% CI 2.00–15.36; P  = 0.001). Conclusion Intraoperative endoluminal pyloromyotomy during ppPD was associated with a reduced risk for DGE in this retrospective study. Pyloromyotomy should be considered a simple technique that can potentially reduce DGE rates after ppPD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1435-2443 , 1435-2451
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00423-020-02008-5
    RVK:
    XA 26500
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1423681-3
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  • 5
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    Test-Retest Variability and Discriminatory Power of Measurements From Microperimetry and Dark Adaptation Assessment in People With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration – A MACUSTAR Study Report
    Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) ; 2023
    In:  Translational Vision Science & Technology Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-21), p. 19-
    Details
    In: Translational Vision Science & Technology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-21), p. 19-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2164-2591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.7.19
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2674602-5
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  • 6
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    Association of Serum Uromodulin with Death, Cardiovascular Events, and Kidney Failure in CKD
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2020-5), p. 616-624
    Details
    In: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2020-5), p. 616-624
    Abstract: Uromodulin is exclusively produced by tubular epithelial cells and released into urine and serum. Higher serum uromodulin has been associated with lower risk for kidney failure in Chinese patients with CKD and with lower risk for mortality in the elderly and in patients undergoing coronary angiography. We hypothesized that lower serum uromodulin is associated with mortality, cardiovascular events, and kidney failure in white patients with CKD. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We measured serum uromodulin in 5143 participants enrolled in the German CKD (GCKD) study. The associations of baseline serum uromodulin with all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, or incident peripheral vascular disease), and kidney failure (dialysis or transplantation) were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses in a cohort study design, adjusting for demographics, eGFR, albuminuria, cardiovascular risk factors, and medication. Results The mean age of participants was 60±12 years, 60% were male. Mean serum uromodulin concentration was 98±60 ng/ml, eGFR was 49±18 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , and 78% had eGFR 〈 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . Participants in lower serum uromodulin quartiles had lower eGFR and higher albuminuria, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and more frequent history of stroke at baseline. During a follow-up of 4 years, 335 participants died, 417 developed MACE, and 229 developed kidney failure. In multivariable analysis, the highest serum uromodulin quartile was associated with lower hazard for mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.87), MACE (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.90), and kidney failure (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.55) compared with the lowest quartile. Conclusions Higher serum uromodulin is independently associated with lower risk for mortality, cardiovascular events, and kidney failure in white patients with CKD. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number Deutsches Register für Klinische Studien (DRKS; German national database of clinical studies), DRKS00003971.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1555-9041 , 1555-905X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2215/CJN.11780919
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Data Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-05-11)
    Details
    In: Scientific Data, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-05-11)
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-4463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02080-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775191-0
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  • 8
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    National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-01-26)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-01-26)
    Abstract: Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N  = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 ( N  = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic ( r  = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 9
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    Author Correction: National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-04-06)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-04-06)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29658-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  PNAS Nexus
    Details
    In: PNAS Nexus, Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Abstract: At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multi-national data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar was found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-negligible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2752-6542
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac093
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3120703-0
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