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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An improved pig reference genome sequence to enable pig genetics and genomics research
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  GigaScience Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01)
    Details
    In: GigaScience, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01)
    Abstract: The domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is important both as a food source and as a biomedical model given its similarity in size, anatomy, physiology, metabolism, pathology, and pharmacology to humans. The draft reference genome (Sscrofa10.2) of a purebred Duroc female pig established using older clone-based sequencing methods was incomplete, and unresolved redundancies, short-range order and orientation errors, and associated misassembled genes limited its utility. Results We present 2 annotated highly contiguous chromosome-level genome assemblies created with more recent long-read technologies and a whole-genome shotgun strategy, 1 for the same Duroc female (Sscrofa11.1) and 1 for an outbred, composite-breed male (USMARCv1.0). Both assemblies are of substantially higher ( & gt;90-fold) continuity and accuracy than Sscrofa10.2. Conclusions These highly contiguous assemblies plus annotation of a further 11 short-read assemblies provide an unprecedented view of the genetic make-up of this important agricultural and biomedical model species. We propose that the improved Duroc assembly (Sscrofa11.1) become the reference genome for genomic research in pigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-217X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa051
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2708999-X
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Häm‐Eisen induziert oxidativen Stress, Lipidperoxidation und DNA‐Schäden in humanen Darmepithelzellen
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Lebensmittelchemie Vol. 77, No. S3 ( 2023-08)
    Details
    In: Lebensmittelchemie, Wiley, Vol. 77, No. S3 ( 2023-08)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-1478 , 1521-3811
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lemi.v77.S3
    DOI: 10.1002/lemi.202359012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2548206-3
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  • 3
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    Epigenetic disruptions in the offspring hypothalamus in response to maternal infection
    Elsevier BV ; 2024
    In:  Gene Vol. 910 ( 2024-06), p. 148329-
    Details
    In: Gene, Elsevier BV, Vol. 910 ( 2024-06), p. 148329-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148329
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491012-3
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  • 4
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    A hydrolyzed lipid blend diet promotes myelination in neonatal piglets in a region and concentration‐dependent manner
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Neuroscience Research
    Details
    In: Journal of Neuroscience Research, Wiley
    Abstract: The impact of early life nutrition on myelin development is of interest given that cognitive and behavioral function depends on proper myelination. Evidence shows that myelination can be altered by dietary lipid, but most of these studies have been performed in the context of disease or impairment. Here, we assessed the effects of lipid blends containing various levels of a hydrolyzed fat (HF) system on myelination in healthy piglets. Piglets were sow‐reared, fed a control diet, or a diet containing 12%, 25%, or 53% HF consisting of cholesterol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and phospholipid from lecithin. At postnatal day 28/29, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess changes to brain development, followed by brain collection for microscopic analyses of myelin in targeted regions using CLARITY tissue clearing, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy techniques. Sow‐reared piglets exhibited the highest overall brain white matter volume by MRI. However, a 25% HF diet resulted in the greatest total myelin density in the prefrontal cortex based on 3D modeling analysis of myelinated filaments. Nodal gap length and g ‐ratio were inversely correlated with percentage of HF in the corpus callosum, as well as in the PFC and internal capsule for g ‐ratio, indicating that a 53% HF diet resulted in the thickest myelin per axon and a 0% HF control diet the thinnest in specific brain regions. These findings indicate that HF promoted myelination in the neonatal piglet in a region‐ and concentration‐dependent manner.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0360-4012 , 1097-4547
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25243
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474904-X
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  • 5
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    PSVIII-19 PRRSV infection during gestation eliciting changes in piglet sickness behaviors following an immune challenge
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 260-260
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 260-260
    Abstract: The pork industry faces financial losses associated with outbreaks in porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV). One type of loss stems from the effect of PRRSV-elicited maternal immune activation during gestation on the response of pigs to a second immune challenge later in life. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of PRRSV infection during gestation, a second immune challenge, and sex on pig behavior. Camborough gilts were inoculated with PRRSV or saline (Controls) during the last third of gestation. The piglets from these gilts were weaned at day 21, and were injected with Poly(I:C) to elicit a second immune challenge, similarly to a viral infection, or with Saline on day 60. Post injection, behaviors were recorded in 5-minute intervals for one hour by a trained experimenter. Recorded behaviors included laying, standing, and panting, and totaled 624 observations per behavior on 51 pigs from 10 gilts. The logistic generalized mixed effect model used to describe behavior included the effects of gilt and pig treatments, sex, and interactions, and accounted for the random effect of gilt, and repeated measurements within pig. Panting showed a significant gilt challenge-by-sex-by-pig treatment interaction effect (P & lt; 0.031). The Poly(I:C) challenge had a significant and positive effect on panting among male pigs from Control gilts (P & lt; 0.001), while this effect was not observed in pigs from PRRSV-treated gilts. Among female pigs challenged with Poly(I:C), PRRSV treatment has a significant effect on lateral laying (P & lt; 0.015) and standing (P & lt; 0.042). Pigs from PRRSV-treated gilts were less active than from Control gilts. Our results highlight that the effect on behaviors of immune challenge later in life depend on the exposure of pigs to PRRSV during gestation. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, grant number 2018-67015-27413.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.470
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 6
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    PSVIII-1 A transcriptomic study of the effect of PRRSV infection during gestation on the piglet amygdala
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 255-256
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 255-256
    Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economic burden on the swine industry, resulting in losses not only related to animal death but also to reduced offspring productivity. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways that contribute to decreased feed efficiency and behaviors that result in poorer performance is important for the implementation of management practices that aim to mitigate the effects of PRRSV. To uncover the long-term effects of PRRSV infection during gestation, a transcriptome analysis of the amygdala of 22-day-old piglet offspring from maternal PRRSV activated and control gilts was undertaken. Overall, 161 genes were differentially expressed between the PRRSV and control piglet offspring. Many of the genes were over-expressed in pigs from PRRSV compared to control gilts, such as interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 and neuron derived neurotrophic factor. Few genes were under-expressed, including insulin-like growth factor 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1. The detection of these dysregulated genes and the directionality of their differential expression yielded insights into the effects that maternal PRRSV infection has on the neural pathways of the offspring amygdala. This furthers our understanding of molecular processes underlying pathological behaviors that may be exhibited by these pigs, affecting management and production. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, grant number 2018-67015-27413.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.461
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    PSV-18 Program Chair Poster Pick: Poly(I:C) dose response and its effects on piglet sickness behaviors
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 218-218
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 218-218
    Abstract: The synthetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid Poly(I:C) is commonly used to mimic viral infection in rodents. A Poly(I:C) injection activates inflammatory receptors that recognize viral patterns. This immune-stimulating agent can be used to understand the effects of viral infection on pork production. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of multiple Poly(I:C) doses on sickness behaviors across time. Female and male pigs from the University of Illinois Swine herd, averaging 24.5 kg, were injected with 1 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg of Poly(I:C), or comparable volume of Saline at approximately 60 days of age. Post injection, sickness behaviors and activity levels were measured in 15-minute intervals by a trained experimenter for three hours. Observed sickness behaviors included vomiting, diarrhea, or shivering. The activity levels were scored 1 through 8 with lower levels indicating pigs running, medium levels indicating walking, and higher levels indicating laying behaviors. The binary sickness behavior and discrete activity levels from 130 observations from 10 pigs evenly distributed across sexes were analyzed using generalized mixed effect models. The model included the effects of Poly(I:C) dose, hour, sex, and interactions, and a repeated structure within pig. The administration of Poly(I:C) had a significant effect on activity level within one-hour post-injection, and Poly(I:C)-treated pigs had lower activity levels than the Saline group. The Poly(I:C) effect had a lower significance in males (P & lt; 0.001) than females (P & lt; 0.004). The Poly(I:C) treatment also had a significant effect on the probability of sickness behavior (P & lt; 0.005). The probability of sickness behavior was 0.03, 0.18, and 0.23 for pigs treated with Saline, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of Poly(I:C), respectively. Our results suggest that Poly(I:C) could be an effective agent in studying sickness response to viral infections in pigs. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, grant number 2018-67015-27413.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.402
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 8
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    The Combined Effect of Weaning Stress and Immune Activation during Pig Gestation on Serum Cytokine and Analyte Concentrations
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Animals Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-01), p. 2274-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-01), p. 2274-
    Abstract: Weaning stress can elicit changes in the metabolic, hormone and immune systems of pigs and interact with prolonged disruptions stemming from maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. The present study advances the characterization of the combined effects of weaning stress and MIA on blood chemistry, immune and hormone indicators that inform on the health of pigs. Three-week-old female and male offspring of control gilts or gilts infected with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus were allocated to weaned or nursed groups. The anion gap and bilirubin profiles suggest that MIA enhances tolerance to the effects of weaning stress. Interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 2 were highest among weaned MIA females, and cortisol was higher among weaned relative to nursed pigs across sexes. Canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated that weaned and nursed pigs have distinct chemistry profiles, whereas MIA and control pigs have distinct cytokine profiles. The results from this study can guide management practices that recognize the effects of the interaction between MIA and weaning stress on the performance and health of pigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani11082274
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 9
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    Impact of Weaning and Maternal Immune Activation on the Metabolism of Pigs
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Vol. 8 ( 2021-7-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-7-15)
    Abstract: Weaning wields environmental, social, and nutritional stresses that are detectable in the blood metabolite levels of the offspring. Prenatal stress in the form of maternal immune activation (MIA) in response to infection, which is associated with health and behavior disorders, also elicits prolonged changes in blood and brain cytokine and metabolite levels of the offspring. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of weaning and MIA on the offspring’s liver function to advance the understanding of the impact of stressors on peripheral and central nervous systems, physiology, and health. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was used to compare the level of hepatic metabolites from 22-day-old pigs ( n = 48) evenly distributed among weaning (nursed or weaned), viral MIA exposure (yes or no), and sexes. Weaning effects were detected on 38 metabolites at p -value & lt; 0.05 (28 metabolites at FDR p -value & lt; 0.05), and sex-dependent MIA effects were detected on 11 metabolites. Multiple intermediate and final products of the enriched (FDR p -value & lt; 0.05) glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathways were over-abundant in nursed relative to weaned pigs. The enriched pathways confirm the impact of weaning on hepatic metabolic shift, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Higher levels of the glucogenic amino acid histidine are observed in pigs exposed to MIA relative to controls, suggesting that the role of this metabolite in modulating inflammation may supersede the role of this amino acid as an energy source. The lower levels of cholesterol detected in MIA pigs are consistent with hypocholesterolemia profiles detected in individuals with MIA-related behavior disorders. Our findings underline the impact of weaning and MIA stressors on hepatic metabolites that can influence peripheral and central nervous system metabolic products associated with health and behavior disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-889X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.660764
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2814330-9
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  • 10
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    Prefrontal Cortex Response to Prenatal Insult and Postnatal Opioid Exposure
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-30), p. 1371-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-30), p. 1371-
    Abstract: The influence of proinflammatory challenges, such as maternal immune activation (MIA) or postnatal exposure to drugs of abuse, on brain molecular pathways has been reported. On the other hand, the simultaneous effects of MIA and drugs of abuse have been less studied and sometimes offered inconsistent results. The effects of morphine exposure on a pig model of viral-elicited MIA were characterized in the prefrontal cortex of males and females using RNA-sequencing and gene network analysis. Interacting and main effects of morphine, MIA, and sex were detected in approximately 2000 genes (false discovery rate-adjusted p-value 〈 0.05). Among the enriched molecular categories (false discovery rate-adjusted p-value 〈 0.05 and −1.5 〉 normalized enrichment score 〉 1.5) were the cell adhesion molecule pathways associated with inflammation and neuronal development and the long-term depression pathway associated with synaptic strength. Gene networks that integrate gene connectivity and expression profiles displayed the impact of morphine-by-MIA interaction effects on the pathways. The cell adhesion molecules and long-term depression networks presented an antagonistic effect between morphine and MIA. The differential expression between the double-challenged group and the baseline saline-treated Controls was less extreme than the individual challenges. The previous findings advance the knowledge about the effects of prenatal MIA and postnatal morphine exposure on the prefrontal cortex pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13081371
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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