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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scrophularia neesii und Scrophularia umbrosa in Deutschland – ähnliche Ökologie, aber unterschiedliche Verbreitung zweier Sippen eines Autopolyploidie-Komplexes
    University Library J. C. Senckenberg ; 2020
    In:  Kochia Vol. 13 ( 2020-04-08), p. 37-52
    Details
    In: Kochia, University Library J. C. Senckenberg, Vol. 13 ( 2020-04-08), p. 37-52
    Abstract: Scrophularia neesii und S. umbrosa ließen sich durch relative Messung des DNA-Gewichtes mit Durchflusszytometrie sicher unterscheiden. Hybriden wurden nicht gefunden. S. neesii ist die weiter verbreitete Sippe mit einem Vorkommensschwerpunkt in Süddeutschland sowie in Teilen Westdeutschlands, S. umbrosa ist dagegen in Norddeutschland die häufigere Sippe. Nach unseren Daten ergibt sich eine leichte ökologische Differenzierung zwischen beiden Sippen: S. neesii besiedelt eher Gebiete mit niedrigeren Temperaturen und höheren Niederschlägen. S. umbrosa kommt signifikant häufiger an Flüssen vor, wogegen S. neesii deutlich häufiger Gräben und Bäche besiedelt. Beide Arten wachsen bevorzugt an Ufern von Fließgewässern, Funde an Stillgewässern sind selten. Die phylogenetische Verwandtschaft von S. neesii und S. umbrosa sowie der Ursprung von S. neesii wurden mit Hilfe von zwei DNA-Markern (Kerngenom: ITS – Genotyp; Plastidengenom: trnQ-rps16 – Haplotyp) an sechs Pflanzen von S. neesii, fünf Pflanzen von S. umbrosa und zwei Pflanzen von S. auriculata untersucht. Die Frage, ob S. neesii autopolyploid aus S. umbrosa hervorgegangen ist oder hybridogen aus S. umbrosa und S. auriculata, lässt sich danach zwar nicht absolut sicher beantworten, jedoch zeigen beide Marker eine nahe Verwandtschaft von S. neesii zu allen Proben von S. umbrosa. Dies macht eine autopolyploide Entstehung aus S. umbrosa wahrscheinlich.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2698-9239 , 1863-155X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21248/kochia.v13.113
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University Library J. C. Senckenberg
    Publication Date: 2020
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    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Genome size variation in Deschampsia cespitosa sensu lato (Poaceae) in Eurasia
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Plant Systematics and Evolution Vol. 308, No. 1 ( 2022-02)
    Details
    In: Plant Systematics and Evolution, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 308, No. 1 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: The grass Deschampsia cespitosa is a variable taxon out of which many varieties, subspecies and endemic species have been separated. In this paper, the variation in genome size (GS) and ploidy of this grass including several of its subspecies and two related species in Eurasia was investigated by flow cytometric (FCM) measurements. GS and ploidy data were also related to specific environments and reproduction mode. Ploidy levels found by FCM were confirmed by chromosome counts of diploid (2 n  = 28) and tetraploid (2 n  = 52) samples. Seminiferous (seed bearing) D. cespitosa was mainly diploid (GS between 3.754 and 5.438 pg/1C). GS variation in diploids showed a geographic pattern with a significant difference ( H  = 41,441, P   〈  0.001) between European (median = 4.377 pg) and Asian (median = 4.881 pg) accessions. Genome size (1C) in tetraploids ranged from 7.9426 to 9.0399 pg. Tetraploid seminiferous D. cespitosa was found mostly in disturbed habitats in western and southern Europe, while tetraploids in Asia were registered in wet Arctic habitats. Genome size (1C between 8.3278 and 8.8603 pg) of the pseudoviviparous plants (spikelets produce plantlets asexually) of wet habitats in central and northern Europe indicated tetraploidy. A putative triploid (GS 6.6817 pg) was detected in Iceland. Summing up, we found a high variation in GS on the geographic scale with significant regional differences in diploid D. cespitosa . Among the tetraploids, the asexually reproducing plants were bound to specific habitats, while the seminiferous plants showed a habitat preference similar to the diploids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-2697 , 1615-6110
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00606-021-01796-7
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463027-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781142-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Phylogeographic patterns of Deschampsia cespitosa (Poaceae) in Europe inferred from genomic data
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 201, No. 3 ( 2023-02-24), p. 341-360
    Details
    In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 201, No. 3 ( 2023-02-24), p. 341-360
    Abstract: The highly variable tufted hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa is a tussock-forming plant especially of cool and humid environments. Although common and widespread, its phylogeographic structure and the significance of polyploidy for its evolution are poorly understood. Here we used a phylogenomic approach to study the genetic structure of this species in Europe and how the polyploid cytotypes/subspecies are related to the diploids. Using genomic data (RADseq and whole plastid sequencing) we found a highly divergent Iberian group, including the Spanish Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. cespitosa (diploid and tetraploid) and the Macaronesian island endemic diploid Deschampsia argentea. Moreover, we found substantial divergence of pseudoviviparous tetraploids (Deschampsia cespitosa subspp. neoalpina and rhenana) from seminiferous tetraploids (except Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. littoralis) and all diploids of the remaining European samples. The divergent pseudoviviparous tetraploids (D. cespitosa subspp. neoalpina and rhenana) and the seminiferous tetraploid D. cespitosa subsp. littoralis probably represent periglacial and relict lineages of unknown origin regarding auto- and/or allo-polyploidy, whereas other seminiferous tetraploid variants of D. cespitosa are always nested in the diploid D. cespitosa, suggesting multiple autopolyploid origins. An analysis after excluding the Iberian Group and the highly divergent tetraploids revealed five genetic groups with overlapping geographical patterns. However, the recovered geographical structure, the overall low genetic divergence and the diffuse genetic structure point to recolonization from various refugial areas and secondary contact. Effective wind dispersal of pollen and seeds in an open early post-glacial tundra landscape and, finally, increasing human impact on dispersal of this grass since the Neolithic, may have enhanced admixture and resulted in the complex patterns detected today.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-4074 , 1095-8339
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boac067
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462255-5
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Evidence for a possible extinction debt in Swiss wetland specialist plants
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02), p. 1264-1277
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-02), p. 1264-1277
    Abstract: Habitat loss leading to smaller patch sizes and decreasing connectivity is a major threat to global biodiversity. While some species vanish immediately after a change in habitat conditions, others show delayed extinction, that is, an extinction debt. In case of an extinction debt, the current species richness is higher than expected under present habitat conditions. We investigated wetlands of the canton of Zürich in the lowlands of Eastern Switzerland where a wetland loss of 90% over the last 150 years occurred. We related current species richness to current and past patch area and connectivity (in 1850, 1900, 1950, and 2000). We compared current with predicted species richness in wetlands with a substantial loss in patch area based on the species‐area relationship of wetlands without substantial loss in patch area and studied relationships between the richness of different species groups and current and historical area and connectivity of wetland patches. We found evidence of a possible extinction debt for long‐lived wetland specialist vascular plants: in wetlands, which substantially lost patch area, current species richness of long‐lived specialist vascular plants was higher than would have been expected based on current patch area. Additionally and besides current wetland area, historical area also explained current species richness of these species in a substantial and significant way. No evidence for an extinction debt in bryophytes was found. The possible unpaid extinction debt in the wetlands of the canton of Zürich is an appeal to nature conservation, which has the possibility to prevent likely future extinctions of species through specific conservation measures. In particular, a further reduction in wetlands must be prevented and restoration measures must be taken to increase the number of wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v10.3
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Declines in occurrence of plants characteristic for a nutrient‐poor meadow habitat are partly explained by their responses to nutrient addition and competition
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-05), p. 4058-4070
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-05), p. 4058-4070
    Abstract: Species losses and local extinctions are alarmingly common, frequently as a consequence of habitat destruction. Nevertheless, many intact habitats also face species losses, most likely due to environmental changes. However, the exact drivers, and why they affect some species more than others in apparently intact habitats, are still poorly understood. Addressing these questions requires data on changes in occurrence frequency of many species, and comparisons of the responses of those species to experimental manipulations of the environment. Here, we use historic (1911) and contemporary (2017) data on the presence–absence of 42 plant species in 14 seemingly intact Molinia meadows around Lower Lake Constance to quantify changes in occurrence frequency. Then, we performed a common‐garden experiment to test whether occurrence frequencies in 1911 and changes therein by 2017 could be explained by responses of the 42 species to nutrient addition and competition with the acquisitive generalist grass Poa pratensis . Within the 14 still intact Molinia meadows, 36 of the 42 species had declined since 1911. As expected, nutrient addition generally led to increased biomass production of the 42 target species, and competition with P. pratensis had a negative effect. The latter was stronger at high nutrient availability. The more frequent species were in 1911 and the more they declined in frequency between 1911 and 2017, the less above‐ground biomass they produced in our experiment. Competition with P. pratensis magnified this effect. Our work highlights that environmental change can contribute to local extinction of species in otherwise intact habitat remnants. Specifically, we showed that increased nutrient availability negatively affected formerly widespread Molinia ‐meadow species in competition with P. pratensis . Our study thus identified a likely mechanism for the decline in occurrence frequency of species in the remaining Molinia meadows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v11.9
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7306
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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