In:
PLOS Pathogens, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2022-4-21), p. e1009854-
Abstract:
Interactions between pathogens, host microbiota and the immune system influence many physiological and pathological processes. In the 20 th century, widespread dermal vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) led to the eradication of smallpox but how VACV interacts with the microbiota and whether this influences the efficacy of vaccination are largely unknown. Here we report that intradermal vaccination with VACV induces a large increase in the number of commensal bacteria in infected tissue, which enhance recruitment of inflammatory cells, promote tissue damage and influence the host response. Treatment of vaccinated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice with antibiotic, or infection of genetically-matched germ-free (GF) animals caused smaller lesions without alteration in virus titre. Tissue damage correlated with enhanced neutrophil and T cell infiltration and levels of pro-inflammatory tissue cytokines and chemokines. One month after vaccination, GF and both groups of SPF mice had equal numbers of VACV-specific CD8 + T cells and were protected from disease induced by VACV challenge, despite lower levels of VACV-neutralising antibodies observed in GF animals. Thus, skin microbiota may provide an adjuvant-like stimulus during vaccination with VACV and influence the host response to vaccination.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1553-7374
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.g004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.g005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.g006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.g007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s009
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s010
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s011
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s012
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s013
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s014
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009854.s015
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2205412-1
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