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  • 1
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    Peripheral Blood T Cell Gene Expression Responses to Exercise and HMB in Sarcopenia
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-07-05), p. 2313-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-07-05), p. 2313-
    Kurzfassung: Background: Sarcopenia is a major health problem in older adults. Exercise and nutrient supplementation have been shown to be effective interventions but there are limited studies to investigate their effects on the management of sarcopenia and its possible underlying mechanisms. Here, we studied T cell gene expression responses to interventions in sarcopenia. Methods: The results of this study were part of a completed trial examining the effectiveness of a 12-week intervention with exercise and nutrition supplementation in community-dwelling Chinese older adults with sarcopenia, based on the available blood samples at baseline and 12 weeks from 46 randomized participants from three study groups, namely: exercise program alone (n = 11), combined-exercise program and nutrition supplement (n = 23), and waitlist control group (n = 12). T cell gene expression was evaluated, with emphasis on inflammation-related genes. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed on CD3 T cells in 38 selected genes. Correlation analysis was performed to relate the results of gene expression analysis with lower limb muscle strength performance, measured using leg extension tests. Results: Our results showed a significant improvement in leg extension for both the exercise program alone and the combined groups (p 〈 0.001). Nine genes showed significant pre- and post-difference in gene expression over 12 weeks of intervention in the combined group. Seven genes (RASGRP1, BIN1, LEF1, ANXA6, IL-7R, LRRN3, and PRKCQ) showed an interaction effect between intervention and gene expression levels on leg extension in the confirmatory analysis, with confounder variables controlled and FDR correction. Conclusions: Our findings showed that T cell-specific inflammatory gene expression was changed significantly after 12 weeks of intervention with combined exercise and HMB supplementation in sarcopenia, and that this was associated with lower limb muscle strength performance.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13072313
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
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    Is Mitochondria DNA Variation a Biomarker for AD?
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-03), p. 1789-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-03), p. 1789-
    Kurzfassung: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. The underlying mechanism of AD has not been fully understood. At present there is no method to detect AD at its early stage. Recent studies indicate that mitochondria dysfunction is related to AD pathogenesis. Altered mitochondria functions are found in AD and influence both amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Variations in mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) lead to a change in energy metabolism in the brain and contribute to AD. MtDNA can reflect the status of mitochondria and therefore play an essential role in AD. In this review, we summarize the changes in mtDNA and mtDNA mutations in AD patients and discuss the possibility of mtDNA being a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13101789
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2527218-4
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  • 3
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    An elevated anxiety level among prepubertal autistic boys with non‐treatment‐seeking functional gastrointestinal disorders: A case–control study
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Autism Research Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 2131-2142
    Details
    In: Autism Research, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 2131-2142
    Kurzfassung: Children with autism commonly suffer from comorbid functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and anxiety. The raised prevalence of both conditions in autism suggests complex reciprocal relationships, which are seldom explored in non‐treatment‐seeking FGID. The relationships between subtypes of FGID and anxiety are also unclear. This study recruited boys with autism and age‐matched typically developing (TD) boys, aged 4–11 years, who were not actively seeking help for gastrointestinal problems. Their parents completed the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaires for Pediatric FGID. Four groups of children with and without autism/FGID were identified and compared on their anxiety level using the Spence children's anxiety scale. In 69 boys with autism and 69 age‐matched TD boys, FGID were identified in 22 and 16 boys, respectively. ANCOVA demonstrated a significant interaction effect of autism and FGID on anxiety (F[1, 129]  = 5.43, p  = 0.021), while conditional logistic regression identified an interaction effect of autism and anxiety on the odds of FGID (OR 1.038, 95% CI 1.002–1.075, p  = 0.038). Explorative post hoc analysis showed higher anxiety in functional nausea and vomiting disorder ( p  = 0.033) and functional abdominal pain disorder ( p  = 0.029) among boys with autism than TD boys with the same respective subtypes of FGID. In summary, among prepubertal boys with autism, the presence of FGID that are non‐treatment‐seeking in nature, has a significantly stronger association with higher levels of anxiety than TD boys. The strength of association may be more prominent in subtypes of FGID. Possible pathomechanisms including the underlying microbiota spectra and inflammatory paths should be explored in future studies. Lay summary Anxiety and gastrointestinal problems are common symptoms in autism. Given that gut health could be linked to emotions, their association in young boys with autism was studied. The presence of nausea vomiting, or abdominal pain were associated with raised anxiety among boys with autism, yet this was not observed in typically developing boys. This suggests that anxiety among autistic children could be partly explained by the presence of FGID.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1939-3792 , 1939-3806
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aur.v14.10
    DOI: 10.1002/aur.2555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2418112-2
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  • 4
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    Gut microbiome dysbiosis across early Parkinson’s disease, REM sleep behavior disorder and their first-degree relatives
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-05-02)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-05-02)
    Kurzfassung: The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been suggested to play an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here we performed a cross-sectional study to profile gut microbiota across early PD, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), first-degree relatives of RBD (RBD-FDR), and healthy controls, which could reflect the gut-brain staging model of PD. We show gut microbiota compositions are significantly altered in early PD and RBD compared with control and RBD-FDR. Depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria and enrichment of pro-inflammatory Collinsella have already emerged in RBD and RBD-FDR after controlling potential confounders including antidepressants, osmotic laxatives, and bowel movement frequency. Random forest modelling identifies 12 microbial markers that are effective to distinguish RBD from control. These findings suggest that PD-like gut dysbiosis occurs at the prodromal stages of PD when RBD develops and starts to emerge in the younger RBD-FDR subjects. The study will have etiological and diagnostic implications.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38248-4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2553671-0
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  • 5
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    Mindfulness Awareness Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Neurocognitive Disorders
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 12 ( 2021-10-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-10-21)
    Kurzfassung: Background: Apart from depressive disorders, there are great interests in adopting mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) for other mental health conditions. Depression and anxiety are common in people with neurocognitive disorders (NCD). The potential of MBIs as an adjuvant treatment in this cognitively at-risk group should be further explored. Objectives: The current study explored the association between depression and anxiety symptoms with dispositional mindfulness in older adults, and if same association stays in the context of cognitive impairment. Methods: The Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey for Older People (MMSOP) is an ongoing epidemiology study of the prevalence of neurocognitive and mental disorders in adults aged 60 years or over in Hong Kong. MMSOP evaluated cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms (Clinical Interview Schedule-revised, CIS-R), chronic physical disease burden, psychosocial support, and resilience factors, including dispositional mindfulness as measured by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). We analyzed the impact of MAAS on CIS-R and potential moderation effects of mindfulness. Results: In March 2021, 1,218 community dwelling participants completed assessments. The mean age of the sample is 69.0 (SD 6.9) years. Eight hundred and two participants (65.7%) were not demented (CDR 0) and 391 (32%) and 25 (2%) were categorized as having mild NCD (CDR 0.5) and major NCD (CDR 1 or more), respectively. One hundred forty-three (11.7%) satisfied ICD-10 criteria for anxiety or depressive disorder as measured by CIS-R. Linear regression analysis showed that female gender, CIRS, and MAAS scores were significant factors associated with CIS-R scores. MAAS scores moderated and attenuated the impact CIRS on CIS-R (adjusted R 2 = 0.447, p & lt; 0.001). MAAS scores remained as significant moderator for CIRS in patients with NCD (CDR ≥ 0.5) (adjusted R 2 = 0.33, p & lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Interim findings of the MMSOP suggested that dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower level of mood symptoms in community dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. The interaction effects further suggested that high mindful awareness may reduce the adverse effects of chronic physical morbidity on mental health. The observation stayed in the participants with cognitive impairment. We should further explore MBIs as a non-pharmacological treatment for in older adults at-risk of physical morbidity and cognitive decline.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721583
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2564218-2
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  • 6
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    〈p〉Gastrointestinal Problems in Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder〈/p〉
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Vol. Volume 16 ( 2020-07), p. 1807-1815
    Details
    In: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Informa UK Limited, Vol. Volume 16 ( 2020-07), p. 1807-1815
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1178-2021
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S260654
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Informa UK Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2180554-4
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  • 7
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    Genetic Overlap Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in SHANK2 Gene
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroscience Vol. 15 ( 2021-4-27)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-4-27)
    Kurzfassung: Background: Recent findings indicated a high comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as shared genetic influences on them. The latter might contribute at least partly to the former clinical scenario. This study aimed at investigating whether SHANK genes were potential pleiotropic genes to the two said disorders, underlying their genetic overlap. Methods: This study recruited 298 boys with ADHD (including 256 family trios of 1 ADHD boy and his 2 biological parents), 134 boys with ASD, 109 boys with both ADHD and ASD, and 232 typically developing boys as community controls. They were aged between 6 and 11 years old. Results: There was no significant difference in allele frequency of a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SHANK2 / SHANK3 between the three clinical groups (ADHD, ASD, and ADHD + ASD) and between the two control groups (community controls and pseudo-controls), respectively. The three clinical groups and the two control groups were thus, respectively, combined. A comparison between the two aggregated samples identified significant evidence of disease association for three SHANK2 SNPs with both ADHD and ASD, even after multiple testing correction: rs11236616 ( OR = 0.762, permuted p = 0.0376), rs7106631 ( OR = 0.720, permuted p = 0.0034), and rs9888288 ( OR = 0.770, permuted p = 0.0407). Comparisons among individual groups pointed to a similar trend of findings. Conclusion: SHANK2 could be considered a potential pleiotropic gene underlying the genetic overlap between ADHD and ASD. This might contribute partly to their high comorbidity in the afflicted children.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.649588
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2411902-7
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  • 8
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    Disentangling the relationship of gut microbiota, functional gastrointestinal disorders and autism: a case–control study on prepubertal Chinese boys
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-06-23)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-06-23)
    Kurzfassung: Emerging evidence of an altered gut microbiome in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests a pathomechanism through the gut–brain axis despite the inconsistent microbiome profile reported across studies. One of the knowledge gaps in the existing ASD microbiota studies is the lack of systematic exploration of the role of comorbid functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) in the association of ASD and altered gut microbiome. Consequently, 92 ASD and 112 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys were profiled on general psychopathology, FGID status by Rome IV classification, and gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing at the V4 hypervariable region. Compared to TD, a significant decrease in the within-sample abundance of taxa was observed in ASD, regardless of FGID status. The microbiota of ASD FGID+ and ASD FGID− clustered apart from the TD groups. The microbiota of ASD FGID+ also showed qualitative differences from that of ASD FGID− and had the highest-level Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio, which was paralleled by elevated levels of anxiety and overall psychopathology. The altered gastrointestinal microbiota composition in ASD appeared to be independent of comorbid FGID. Further studies should address how FGID may mediate neuropsychiatric symptoms in ASD through inflammation along the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14785-8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2615211-3
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  • 9
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    Data_Sheet_1.zip
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 11 ( 2020-8-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2020-8-28)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01003
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01003.s001
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2606823-0
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  • 10
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    White matter integrity in young medication-naïve bipolar II depressed adults
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-01-19)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-01-19)
    Kurzfassung: It is unknown if young medication-naïve bipolar II (BPII) depressed patients have increased white matter (WM) disruptions. 27 each of young (average 23 years) and treatment-naïve BPII depressed, unipolar depressed (UD) patients and age–sex–education matched healthy controls (HC) underwent 3 T MRIs with diffusion tensor imaging. Diagnostic ratings included Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Patients were clinically depressed (MADRS-BPII: 26.15 [SD9.25], UD: 25.56 [5.24] , p = 0.86). Compared to UD, BPII had increased family bipolarity (BPII 13.6% vs UD 2.5%, p = 0.01, φc = 0.28), hypomanic symptoms (YMRS-BPII: 4.22 [4.24], UD: 1.33 [2] , p = 0.02, d = 0.87), lifetime number of depressive episodes (BPII: 2.37 [1.23], UD: 1.44 [0.75] , p = 0.02, d = 0.91), lifetime and current-year number of episodes (lifetime BPII: 50.85 [95.47], UD: 1.7 [1.03] ; current-year BPII: 9.93 [16.29], UD: 1.11 [0.32] , ps = 0.04, ds = 0.73–0.77) and longer illness duration (BPII: 4.96 years [3.96], UD: 2.99 [3.33] , p = 0.15, d = 0.54). BPII showed no increased WM disruptions vs UD or HC in any of the 15 a priori WM tracts. UD had lower right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) (temporal) axial diffusivity (AD) (1.14 vs 1.17 (BPII), 1.16 (HC); F = 6.93, 95% CI of $${F}_{B}$$ F B : 0.00073, 5.22, ηp 2  = 0.15). Principal component analysis followed by exploratory linear discriminant analysis showed that increased R-SLF (temporal) AD, YMRS and family bipolarity distinguished BPII from UD (81.5% sensitivity, 85.2% specificity) independent of episode number and frequency. Young, medication-naïve adults with BPII depression did not show the WM disruptions distinguishing more chronically ill BP patients from UD. These WM disruptions may therefore be partly attributable to illness chronicity. Longitudinal studies should examine the trajectory of WM changes in BPII and UD and predictive validity of these baseline clinical and imaging parameters.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81355-9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2615211-3
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