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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of oral health conditions presented in photographs - is there a difference between dentists and non-dental professional caregivers?
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  BMC Oral Health Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Oral Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: Photographs can help non-dental professional caregivers to identify problems when inspecting the mouth of care-dependent older individuals. This study evaluated whether the assessment of oral health-related conditions presented in photographs differed between dentists and non-dental professional caregivers. Materials and methods One-hundred-and-seventy-nine photographs were taken from long-term care facility residents and from patients at the Department of Dentistry of a University Hospital. The following oral health aspects were depicted: denture hygiene, oral hygiene, teeth, gums, tongue and palate/lips/cheeks. Collection continued until for each oral health aspect a pool of photographs was available that showed conditions from perfect health and hygiene to severe problems. A segmented Visual Analogue Scale was applied to assess the conditions presented in the photographs. Each photograph was assessed by each participant of this study. The benchmark was established by three dentists with academic-clinical expertise in gerodontology, special needs dentistry and periodontology. For each photograph, they provided a collective score after reaching consensus. Photographs were assessed individually by 32 general dentists and by 164 non-dental professional caregivers. Linear mixed effects models and generalized linear mixed effects models were fitted and mean squared errors were computed to quantify differences between both groups. Results For the different oral health aspects, absolute distances from the benchmark scores were 1.13 (95%CI:1.03–1.23) to 1.51 (95%CI:1.39–1.65) times higher for the caregivers than for the dentists. The odds to overestimate the condition were higher for the caregivers than the dentists for oral hygiene (OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.62–0.84) and teeth (OR = 0.74; 95%CI = 0.61–0.88). The odds to underestimate the condition were higher for the caregivers than the dentists for gums (OR = 1.39; 95%CI:1.22–1.59) and palate/lips/cheeks (OR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.07–1.40). Over all assessments, the variance in caregiver scores was 1.9 (95%CI:1.62–2.23) times higher than that for the dentists. Conclusion Small but significant differences were found between dentists and non-dental professional caregivers assessing oral health-related conditions presented in photographs. When photographs are used to aid non-dental professional caregivers with the oral health assessment, these visualizations should be complemented with comments to facilitate accurate interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6831
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01171-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2091511-1
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  • 2
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    Incorporating historical controls in clinical trials with longitudinal outcomes using the modified power prior
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutical Statistics Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2022-09), p. 818-834
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutical Statistics, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2022-09), p. 818-834
    Abstract: Several dynamic borrowing methods, such as the modified power prior (MPP), the commensurate prior, have been proposed to increase statistical power and reduce the required sample size in clinical trials where comparable historical controls are available. Most methods have focused on cross‐sectional endpoints, and appropriate methodology for longitudinal outcomes is lacking. In this study, we extend the MPP to the linear mixed model (LMM). An important question is whether the MPP should use the conditional version of the LMM (given the random effects) or the marginal version (averaged over the distribution of the random effects), which we refer to as the conditional MPP and the marginal MPP, respectively. We evaluated the MPP for one historical control arm via a simulation study and an analysis of the data of Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) with the commensurate prior as the comparator. The conditional MPP led to inflated type I error rate when there existed moderate or high between‐study heterogeneity. The marginal MPP and the commensurate prior yielded a power gain (3.6%–10.4% vs. 0.6%–4.6%) with the type I error rates close to 5% (5.2%–6.2% vs. 3.8%–6.2%) when the between‐study heterogeneity is not excessively high. For the ADCS data, all the borrowing methods improved the precision of estimates and provided the same clinical conclusions. The marginal MPP and the commensurate prior are useful for borrowing historical controls in longitudinal data analysis, while the conditional MPP is not recommended due to inflated type I error rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1539-1604 , 1539-1612
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/pst.v21.5
    DOI: 10.1002/pst.2195
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083706-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2163550-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    Latent Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck models for Bayesian analysis of multivariate longitudinal categorical responses
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Biometrics Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 689-701
    Details
    In: Biometrics, Wiley, Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 689-701
    Abstract: We propose a Bayesian latent Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck (OU) model to analyze unbalanced longitudinal data of binary and ordinal variables, which are manifestations of fewer continuous latent variables. We focus on the evolution of such latent variables when they continuously change over time. Existing approaches are limited to data collected at regular time intervals. Our proposal makes use of an OU process for the latent variables to overcome this limitation. We show that assuming real eigenvalues for the drift matrix of the OU process, as is frequently done in practice, can lead to biased estimates and/or misleading inference when the true process is oscillating. In contrast, our proposal allows for both real and complex eigenvalues. We illustrate our proposed model with a motivating dataset, containing patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease. We were interested in how bulbar, cervical, and lumbar functions evolve over time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-341X , 1541-0420
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/biom.v77.2
    DOI: 10.1111/biom.13292
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2054197-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Bayesian Model Selection for Longitudinal Count Data
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Sankhya B Vol. 84, No. 2 ( 2022-11), p. 516-547
    Details
    In: Sankhya B, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 84, No. 2 ( 2022-11), p. 516-547
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0976-8386 , 0976-8394
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s13571-021-00268-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2522388-4
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  • 5
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    Bayesian analysis of differential effects in multi-group regression methods
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Statistical Modelling Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2021-06), p. 244-263
    Details
    In: Statistical Modelling, SAGE Publications, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2021-06), p. 244-263
    Abstract: In regression analysis, the data sample is often composed of diverse sub-populations such as ethnicities and geographical regions. In multiple application areas, it is important to identify the groups where each covariate has a positive, negative or null impact on the response. If the number of sub-populations is small, a full interaction model may be fit with group-specific covariate effects. However, if the number of groups is very large, for example, hospitals or other clustering units, such a model is not identifiable. Therefore, we propose a prior distribution which combines the information across sub-populations with a similar covariate effect. This Bayesian analysis of differential effects (BADE) classifies the group-specific covariate effects as positive, negative or null. Besides allowing the analysis of differential effects for many sub-populations, the proposed approach improves substantially the identification of important interactions in cases with few groups. This is illustrated via simulations. The procedure is motivated on, and applied to, a large study related to patients’ satisfaction with hospitals, where we show that classifying group-specific covariate effects based on methods such as mixed-effects models may be strongly misleading.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-082X , 1477-0342
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1471082X19881844
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053876-5
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  • 6
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    An international comparison of haemoglobin deferral prediction models for blood banking
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Vox Sanguinis Vol. 118, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 430-439
    Details
    In: Vox Sanguinis, Wiley, Vol. 118, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 430-439
    Abstract: Blood banks use a haemoglobin (Hb) threshold before blood donation to minimize donors' risk of anaemia. Hb prediction models may guide decisions on which donors to invite, and should ideally also be generally applicable, thus in different countries and settings. In this paper, we compare the outcome of various prediction models in different settings and highlight differences and similarities. Materials and Methods Donation data of repeat donors from the past 5 years of Australia, Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands and South Africa were used to fit five identical prediction models: logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, linear mixed model and dynamic linear mixed model. Only donors with five or more donation attempts were included to ensure having informative data from all donors. Analyses were performed for men and women separately and outcomes compared. Results Within countries and overall, different models perform similarly well. However, there are substantial differences in model performance between countries, and there is a positive association between the deferral rate in a country and the ability to predict donor deferral. Nonetheless, the importance of predictor variables across countries is similar and is highest for the previous Hb level. Conclusion The limited impact of model architecture and country indicates that all models show similar relationships between the predictor variables and donor deferral. Donor deferral is found to be better predictable in countries with high deferral rates. Therefore, such countries may benefit more from deferral prediction models than those with low deferral rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-9007 , 1423-0410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/vox.v118.6
    DOI: 10.1111/vox.13426
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483587-3
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  • 7
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    Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis via Gibbs Sampling
    American Educational Research Association (AERA) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics
    Details
    In: Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, American Educational Research Association (AERA)
    Abstract: Bayesian methods to infer model dimensionality in factor analysis generally assume a lower triangular structure for the factor loadings matrix. Consequently, the ordering of the outcomes influences the results. Therefore, we propose a method to infer model dimensionality without imposing any prior restriction on the loadings matrix. Our approach considers a relatively large number of factors and includes auxiliary multiplicative parameters, which may render null the unnecessary columns in the loadings matrix. The underlying dimensionality is then inferred based on the number of nonnull columns in the factor loadings matrix, and the model parameters are estimated with a postprocessing scheme. The advantages of the method in selecting the correct dimensionality are illustrated via simulations and using real data sets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1076-9986 , 1935-1054
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3102/10769986231176023
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225314-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174169-4
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 8
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    Bayesian model selection in linear mixed models for longitudinal data
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Statistics Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 2020-04-03), p. 890-913
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Statistics, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 2020-04-03), p. 890-913
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0266-4763 , 1360-0532
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2019.1657814
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476802-1
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  • 9
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    Correction to: Assessment of oral health in older adults by non-dental professional caregivers—development and validation of a photograph-supported oral health–related section for the interRAI suite of instruments
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Clinical Oral Investigations Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 5125-5125
    Details
    In: Clinical Oral Investigations, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 5125-5125
    Abstract: A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s00784-020-03725-3
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-6981 , 1436-3771
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03725-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472578-2
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  • 10
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    Assessment of oral health in older adults by non-dental professional caregivers—development and validation of a photograph-supported oral health–related section for the interRAI suite of instruments
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Clinical Oral Investigations Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 3475-3486
    Details
    In: Clinical Oral Investigations, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 3475-3486
    Abstract: An optimized oral health-related section and a video training were developed and validated for the interRAI suite of instruments. The latter is completed by professional non-dental caregivers and used in more than 40 countries to assess care needs of older adults. Methods The optimized oral health–related section (ohr-interRAI) consists of nine items and a video training that were developed in consecutive phases. To evaluate psychometric properties, a study was conducted in 260 long-term care residents. Each resident was assessed by a dentist and by four caregivers (two who received the video training, two who did not). Results Mean kappa values and percent agreement between caregivers and dentist ranged between κ = 0.60 (80.2%) for dry mouth and κ = 0.13 (54.0%) for oral hygiene . The highest inter-caregiver agreement was found for dry mouth with κ = 0.63 [95% CI: 0.56–0.70] (81.6%), while for the item palate/lips/cheeks only κ = 0.27 [95% CI: 0.18–0.36] (76.7%) was achieved. Intra-caregiver agreement ranged between κ = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.79–1.00] (96.4%) for dry mouth and κ = 0.45 [95% CI: 0.06-0.84] (82.8%) for gums. Logistic regression analysis showed only small differences between caregivers who watched the video training and those who did not. Conclusions Psychometric properties of the optimized ohr-interRAI section were improved compared to previous versions. Nevertheless, particularly the items based on inspection of the mouth require further refinement and caregiver training needs to be improved. Clinical Relevance Valid assessment of oral health by professional caregivers is essential due to the impaired accessibility of regular dental care for care-dependent older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-6981 , 1436-3771
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03669-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472578-2
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