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  • 2020-2024  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antibiotic Choices for Pediatric Periorbital Cellulitis—A 20-Year Retrospective Study from Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1288-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1288-
    Abstract: The delayed treatment of pediatric periorbital cellulitis may have severe consequences. In addition, the antibiotic efficacy against causative bacteria may change over time, and it is important to understand the appropriate antibiotic options for effective treatment in pediatric patients. We compared the changes in cultured bacteria and drug susceptibility tests between two decades, 2010–2019 and 2000–2009, to establish antibiotics for empirical use. The patient characteristics, etiologies, culture sites, and isolated bacteria, and the antibiotic susceptibility tests of the admitted pediatric patients (n = 207) diagnosed with preseptal and orbital cellulitis during 2000 to 2019, were recorded. Insect/animal bites (p = 0.084) showed an increasing trend, and sinusitis (p = 0.016) showed a significant decrease in the past decades. The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections increased in recent decades (p = 0.01). Moreover, we found that vancomycin was ideal for MRSA infections. The decreasing efficacy of oxacillin correlates with the increasing proportion of MRSA in pediatric periorbital cellulitis. Our study thus offers antibiotic choices against the most common isolates that can be administered before culture results are available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101288
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection of Autophagy-Related Gene Expression by Conjunctival Impression Cytology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-12), p. 296-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-12), p. 296-
    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the association of autophagy-related gene expression with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Patients with AMD were recruited for analysis by conjunctival impression cytology. mRNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to evaluate whether the expression of 26 autophagy-related genes (ATGs) was correlated with AMD. Further studies on cell viability and autophagic flux in response to oxidative stress by H2O2 were performed in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell lines based on the results of impression cytology. Results: Both the neovascular AMD (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) groups had significantly higher mRNA levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 (GABARAPL1) and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B) than the control group, but there was no significant difference between these two groups. Age difference existed only in the AMD group. GABARAPL1 and MAP1LC3B mRNA expression increased significantly after acute oxidative stress in adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. Cell viability significantly increased and decreased in the cells harboring GABARAPL1 expression vector and silenced with siRNA against GABARAPL1, respectively, during short-term oxidative stress, whereas viability increased in the GABARAPL1-silenced cells after long-term oxidative stress. Silencing GABARAPL1 itself caused a reduction in autophagic flux under both short and long-term oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our study showed the possibility of assessing autophagy-related gene expression by conjunctival impression cytology. GABARAPL1 was significantly higher in AMD. Although an in vitro study showed an initial protective effect of autophagy, a cell viability study revealed the possibility of a harmful effect after long-term oxidative injury. The underlying mechanism or critical factors require further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020296
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differences in characteristics, aetiologies, isolated pathogens, and the efficacy of antibiotics in adult patients with preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis between 2000–2009 and 2010–2019
    BMJ ; 2023
    In:  British Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 107, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 331-336
    Details
    In: British Journal of Ophthalmology, BMJ, Vol. 107, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 331-336
    Abstract: To understand whether the epidemiology, aetiologies, common pathogens and the antibiotic efficacy against the identified bacteria of periorbital cellulitis in adults have changed recently (2010–2019) compared with the past decade (2000–2009). Methods Adult patients (n=224) diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital during 2000–2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, isolated pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility tests against the commonly cultured bacteria were analysed. Results Preseptal cellulitis showed a tendency of female predominance. Patients in their 60s showed an incidence peak; more cases were observed during winter. The most common predisposing factor was dacryocystitis (15.5%–30.5%), followed by hordeolum (15.5%–24.8%). Aetiology of sinusitis (p=0.001) decreased and that of conjunctivitis (p=0.007) increased significantly with time. Culture results of nasopharyngeal swabs and local abscess showed higher positivity rate than conjunctival swab. The most common isolates were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-resistant S. aureus , coagulase-negative staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and vancomycin were effective; in contrast, ampicillin/sulbactam and oxacillin showed decreasing efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. For antibiotic treatment against P. aeruginosa , fluoroquinolones, ceftazidime, piperacillin and imipenem were ideal choices. Conclusion In isolated pathogens, the increasing trend of methicillin-resistant S. aureus detection was compatible with reducing oxacillin efficacy against periorbital infection. In our study, the report of antibiotic efficacy against the most common identified bacteria offered empirical choices for hospitalised patients with periorbital infection before obtaining culture results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1161 , 1468-2079
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318986
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482974-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metformin and rapamycin protect cells from vital dye–induced damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells and in vivo
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Vol. 258, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 557-564
    Details
    In: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 258, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 557-564
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0721-832X , 1435-702X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04548-z
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459159-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Therapeutic Effect of α-MSH in Primary Cultured Orbital Fibroblasts Obtained from Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 20 ( 2021-10-18), p. 11225-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 20 ( 2021-10-18), p. 11225-
    Abstract: Inflammation, hyaluronan production, and adipogenesis are the main pathological events leading to thyroid eye disease (TED). α-Melanocytemelanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a well-known tridecapeptidetreatment for several inflammatory disorders including sepsis syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and encephalitis. Here, we investigated the effect of α-MSH treatment on TED. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were performed to analyze the effect of α-MSH on cell viability and it’s toxicity. Using primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from TED patients and non-TED as control, we examined the effects of α-MSH on proinflammatory cytokine production induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, further analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining assay and qPCR were performed to examine proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression, the upstream neuropeptide of α-MSH in TED patients and non-TED control. Treatment with non-cytotoxic concentrations of α-MSH resulted in the dose-dependent inhibition of mRNA and protein levels (p 〈 0.05) for IL-1β-induced inflammatory cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and COX-2. The expression of POMC mRNA and protein were significantly higher in TED patients compared to non-TED control (p 〈 0.05). Our data show significant inhibitory effects of α-MSH on inflammation, POMC production in orbital fibroblasts. At present, this is the first in vitro preclinical evidence of α-MSH therapeutic effect on TED. These findings indicate that POMC and α-MSH may play a role in the immune regulation of TED and can be a potential therapeutic target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011225
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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