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  • 1
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    DataSheet1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Public Health Vol. 67 ( 2023-1-4)
    Details
    In: International Journal of Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 67 ( 2023-1-4)
    Kurzfassung: Objectives: This scoping review is to investigate the existing literature on the mental health of Healthcare workers, including stress or distress, anxiety, depression, burnout, insomnia, and fear or phobia within the different countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We systematically searched to consolidate studies across EMR countries regarding the mental health morbidity studied, the scales, and the methodology used. The review focused on peer-reviewed academic literature published from March 2020 to November 2021. Results: One hundred sixty-seven articles were included in the review. Most publications came from lower-middle-income countries such as Iran, Pakistan, and Egypt. Most of the literature was specific to Stress/Distress ( n = 94), followed by anxiety ( n = 93), depression ( n = 66), burnout ( n = 27), insomnia ( n = 20), and fear/phobia ( n = 12). Conclusion: Fear, phobia, and insomnia have all been examined extensively worldwide, yet they were among the Eastern Mediterranean region’s least explored outcomes. In addition, most underdeveloped countries have a low rate of publication.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1661-8564
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604814
    DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604814.s001
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2276416-1
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  • 2
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    Variation of caesarean section rates in Palestinian governmental hospitals
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12-16)
    Details
    In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12-16)
    Kurzfassung: Globally, the increased use of cesarean sections has become prevalent in high-income and low and middle-income countries. In Palestine, the rate had risen from 20.3% in 2014 to 25.1% in 2018. We have rates as high as 35.8% in some governmental hospitals and some as low as 15%. This study aimed to understand better why there is a variation in cesarean rates in governmental hospitals that use the same guidelines. Methods A qualitative and quantitative research approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 specialists, obstetrics and gynecologists, and midwives in five government hospitals. The hospitals were selected based on the 2017 Annual Health Report reported cesarean section rates. The interview guide was created with the support of specialists and researchers and was piloted. Questions focused mainly on adherence to the obstetric guidelines and barriers to the use, sources of information, training for healthcare providers, the hospital system, and the factors that affect decision-making. Each hospital's delivery records for one month were analyzed to determine the reason for each cesarean section. Results The results indicated that each governmental hospital at the system level had a different policy on cesarean sections. The National Guidelines were found to be interpreted differently among hospitals. One obstetrician-gynecologist decided on a cesarean section at high-rate hospitals, while low-rate hospitals used collective decision-making with empowered midwives. At the professional level, all hospitals urged the importance of a continuous training program to refresh the medical team knowledge, in-house training of new members joining the hospital, and discussion of cases subjective to obstetrician-gynecologists interpretations. Conclusion Several institutional factors were identified to strengthen the implementation of the national obstetric guidelines. For example, encouraging collective decision-making between obstetrician-gynecologists and midwives, promoting the use of a second opinion, and mandatory training.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1471-2393
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05275-w
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2059869-5
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  • 3
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    The association between labor companionship and obstetric violence during childbirth in health facilities in five facilities in the occupied Palestinian territory
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-08-05)
    Details
    In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-08-05)
    Kurzfassung: Studies show that the presence of companionship during childbirth leads to positive outcomes for women. This study investigates the protective effect of having a labor companion on obstetric violence in the health facilities of the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Methods A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of women who gave birth in five health centers in the occupied Palestinian territory up to 8 weeks following childbirth was performed. The presence of a labor companion was examined in relation to socioeconomic variables and physical abuse, verbal abuse or stigma or discrimination, failure to achieve professional standards, vaginal examinations, and pain relief. Results According to the findings, the total number of women with a labor partner or a birth companion present at any stage during the labor process was 92% in the West Bank, and 77.4% in the Gaza Strip . According to the timing of support , 23.5% of women had a labor companion present during labor, childbirth, and after childbirth whilst in the hospital. Women who did not have labor companions were more likely than women who did to report at least one sort of mistreatment, such as unconsented procedures. Women with a labor companion were less likely to report abuse (16%) compared to women without labor companion. In terms of informed permission for procedures, 75% of women who did not have a labor companion had unconsented episiotomy. Conclusion Labor companionship assists women by providing them with companions who are less likely to be mistreated during labor. Efforts should be made to best implement the presence of labor companions, including the duration of the labor companionship and women's preferences.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1471-2393
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05811-2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2059869-5
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  • 4
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    Impact of waterpipe tobacco taxation on consumption, government revenue and premature deaths averted in Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine: a simulation study
    BMJ ; 2022
    In:  Tobacco Control
    Details
    In: Tobacco Control, BMJ
    Kurzfassung: Despite the high prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking in the Eastern Mediterranean region, evidence supporting its fiscal measures is limited. We modelled the impact of waterpipe tobacco-specific excise taxes on consumption, government revenue and premature deaths averted in Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine. Methods We developed a simulation model using country-specific and market share-specific price, consumption and price elasticity data from WHO, UN Comtrade and nationally representative surveys. We modelled increases to specific excise taxes to meet a 35.9% tax burden on 20 g of waterpipe tobacco in Lebanon and Jordan, in line with the global average, and to double government revenues from excise duties in Palestine, which has surpassed this average. Results Specific excise tax was raised by $1.14 ($0.18–$1.32) in Jordan, $2.41 ($0.03–$2.44) in Lebanon (alongside removal of ad valorem taxes) and $2.39 ($1.72–$4.11) in Palestine per 20 g of waterpipe tobacco. Government revenue increased by $126.3 million in Jordan, $53.8 million in Lebanon and $162.4 million in Palestine while waterpipes smoked decreased by 32.4% in Jordan, 71.0% in Lebanon and 16.3% in Palestine. The corresponding numbers of premature deaths averted annually were approximately 162 000; 1 000 000; and 52 000. Discussion Increases in waterpipe tobacco-specific excise taxes substantially reduce smoking and increase government revenue and averted premature deaths in Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine. This has positive implications for both public health and financing and should be considered a policy priority.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0964-4563 , 1468-3318
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057284
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: BMJ
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2010882-5
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  • 5
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    Monitoring and Combating Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Through Surveillance and Taxation
    JMIR Publications Inc. ; 2023
    In:  JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Vol. 9 ( 2023-3-23), p. e40177-
    Details
    In: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, JMIR Publications Inc., Vol. 9 ( 2023-3-23), p. e40177-
    Kurzfassung: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is a traditional tobacco use method that originated in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and has resurged in recent decades. WTS rates in the EMR are the highest worldwide, especially among youth, exceeding cigarette-smoking rates in select jurisdictions. Despite its documented harm, the growing prevalence of WTS has been met with a poor regulatory response globally. At the epicenter of the WTS epidemic, countries in the EMR are in urgent need of effective tobacco control strategies that consider the particularities of WTS. A roundtable session, titled “Monitoring and Combating WTS Through Taxation and the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS),” was held as part of the 7th Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network’s regional conference. The session provided an overview of evidence to date about WTS policy control, the taxation of WTS, volumetric choice experiments for tobacco control research, and monitoring WTS patterns and control policies among adults and youth through the GTSS. The session highlighted the need to update the regulation of WTS in the current global tobacco control policy frameworks and the need for developing tailored, evidence-based, and WTS-specific regulations to complement current tobacco control policy frameworks. Raising taxes to increase the price of tobacco products is the single most effective tobacco control measure, and these taxes can fund expanded government health programs. The effectiveness of taxation can be measured via volumetric choice experiments, which allow for the estimation of a complete set of own-price and cross-price elasticities that are instrumental for fiscal policy simulations. Finally, the surveillance of WTS (for example, through the GTSS) is critical to informing policy and decision makers. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) are 2 GTSS products that provide nationally representative data among students aged 13-15 years and persons ≥15 years, respectively.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2369-2960
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2196/40177
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: JMIR Publications Inc.
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2874192-4
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  • 6
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    Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in Palestine: a cross-sectional online study
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  BMJ Open Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. e053681-
    Details
    In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. e053681-
    Kurzfassung: In Palestine (West Bank and Gaza), there have been more than 320 890 known cases of COVID-19, resulting in 3452 deaths. The detrimental effects of the virus can be seen in the nation’s health, economy and government operations, leading to radical uncertainty that is exacerbated by the absence of any definitive treatment or vaccines. The level of knowledge about and trust in treatment and vaccination varies worldwide. This study aims to assess the willingness of Palestinians to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and their knowledge about such vaccines. Methods An online survey of adults over 18 years old (n=1080) was conducted in Palestine in October 2020. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified correlates of participants’ willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Results We found that about 63% of participants were willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. However, acceptance varied with the specific demographic variables that were investigated. Women, married participants and those aged 18–24 years are more likely to take the vaccine. Further, participants with good knowledge about the vaccine and its side effects are more willing to get the vaccine. Conclusion The availability of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine in Palestine is crucial to decrease the burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. In addition, to ensure a high vaccination rate, health awareness campaigns should target those who are not willing to get the vaccine, especially those who are more vulnerable and the elderly.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053681
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: BMJ
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2599832-8
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  • 7
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    Prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking among adults in three Eastern Mediterranean countries: a cross-sectional household survey
    BMJ ; 2022
    In:  BMJ Open Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. e055201-
    Details
    In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. e055201-
    Kurzfassung: Tobacco smoking is on the rise in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In light of limited surveillance of smoking in the region, this study sought to understand the prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe smoking among adults and the factors associated with smoking in Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine (West Bank only). Design, setting and participants Household surveys were conducted with participants over the age of 18 in Lebanon (n=1680), Jordan (n=1925) and Palestine (n=1679) between June and August 2019. A multistage cluster sampling approach with probability-proportional-to-size random selection method was followed in the three countries. Primary and secondary outcome measures Gender-specific prevalence rates for cigarette and waterpipe smoking were estimated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with current cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking. Results The prevalence of cigarette smoking among males and females respectively was 48.6% and 21.5% in Lebanon, 50.4% and 9.1% in Jordan, and 53.4% and 3.1% in Palestine. The prevalence of waterpipe smoking among males and females respectively was 32.7% and 46.2% in Lebanon, 13.4% and 7.8% in Jordan, and 18.0% and 7.9% in Palestine. Cigarette smokers were significantly (p 〈 0.05) more likely to be male, younger and with lower educational attainment across the three countries. Waterpipe smokers were more likely to be young adults across the three countries (p 〈 0.001). They were more likely to be male in Jordan and Palestine, and more likely to be female in Lebanon. Conclusions The high prevalence rates of smoking in Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine are concerning. Continued surveillance is key to monitor smoking patterns and inform stronger tobacco control measures.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055201
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055201.supp1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: BMJ
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2599832-8
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  • 8
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    Deferral of elective surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on Palestinian patients: a cross-sectional study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Conflict and Health Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2023-03-24)
    Details
    In: Conflict and Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2023-03-24)
    Kurzfassung: During the Covid-19 epidemic, the increased number of people seeking medical attention worsened hospital shortages. This shortage required reallocating the workforce, personal protective equipment (PPE), medical equipment, medical disposables, and hospital wards. This reallocation delayed a number of elective surgeries. This study explored the financial, physical, and psychological implications of deferring elective surgeries on Palestinians in three West Bank hospitals during the pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study included 398 patients from tertiary hospitals in Palestine whose elective surgical procedures were deferred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 8/8/2021 and 6/9/2021, data were collected on patients who had elective surgery deferral at three government hospitals in the West Bank of the Palestinian territories. There were five parts to the study tool; personal information, access to the health system, physical affection, financial effect, and psychological effect. Statistical analysis included a univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Results The healthcare system's response to the COVID-19 epidemic directly affected patients whose surgeries were deferred. The healthcare system's response was the cause of the delay in 91.5% of the cases. Orthopedic and neurological surgeries account for 48.3% of deferred surgery. Other than delayed surgeries, 30.2% of patients were unable to get additional health care services. Physically, 55.5% of patients were impacted, 45% were anxious, and 29.6% were depressed. Conclusions Patients who had procedures deferred as a result of the healthcare system's response to the COVID-19 epidemic were impacted physically, financially, and psychologically. There should bea better crisis management strategyto ensure that certain hospitals are able to operate regularly despite the situation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1752-1505
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13031-023-00509-w
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2273783-2
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  • 9
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    Economic research in waterpipe tobacco smoking: reflections on data, demand, taxes, equity and health modelling
    BMJ ; 2022
    In:  Tobacco Control
    Details
    In: Tobacco Control, BMJ
    Kurzfassung: Economic evaluation of tobacco control policies is common in high-income settings and mainly focuses on cigarette smoking. Evidence suggests that increasing the excise tax of tobacco products is a consistently effective tool for reducing tobacco use and is an efficient mechanism for increasing government revenues. However, less research has been conducted in low/middle-income countries where other tobacco forms are common. This paper presents insights from our work on the economics of waterpipe tobacco smoking conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean Region where waterpipe smoking originated and is highly prevalent. The specific areas related to economics of waterpipe smoking considered herein are: price elasticity, taxation, government revenue, expenditure and healthcare costs. This paper aims to provide practical guidance for researchers investigating the economics of waterpipe tobacco with potential implications for other novel tobacco products. We present lessons learnt across five thematic areas: data, demand, taxes, equity and health modelling. We also highlight knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research. Research implications include designing comprehensive assessment tools that investigate heterogeneity in waterpipe smoking patterns; accounting for cross-price elasticity of demand with other tobacco products; exploring the change in waterpipe tobacco smoking in response to a tax increase and analysing the equity impact of waterpipe tobacco control interventions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0964-4563 , 1468-3318
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057383
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: BMJ
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2010882-5
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  • 10
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    Own-price and cross-price elasticities of demand for cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco in three Eastern Mediterranean countries: a volumetric choice experiment
    BMJ ; 2023
    In:  Tobacco Control Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 86-92
    Details
    In: Tobacco Control, BMJ, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 86-92
    Kurzfassung: Waterpipe tobacco smoking rates in the Eastern Mediterranean region are among the highest worldwide, yet little evidence exists on its economics. Estimates of demand elasticities for tobacco products are largely limited to cigarettes. This study aimed to estimate own-price and cross-price elasticities of demand for cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco products in Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine. Methods A volumetric choice experiment was conducted using nationally representative household surveys. The choice experiment elicited respondents’ stated purchases of eight cigarette and waterpipe tobacco product varieties by hypothetically varying prices. Data were analysed using zero-inflated Poisson models that yielded demand elasticity estimates of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco consumption. Results The study included 1680 participants in Lebanon (50% female), 1925 in Jordan (44.6% female) and 1679 in Palestine (50% female). We found the demand for premium cigarettes to be price elastic (range, −1.0 to −1.2) across all three countries, whereas the demand for discount cigarettes was less elastic than premium cigarettes in Lebanon (−0.6) and Jordan (−0.7) and more elastic in Palestine (−1.2). The demand for premium waterpipe tobacco was highly elastic in Lebanon (−1.9), moderately elastic in Jordan (−0.6) and inelastic in Palestine (0.2). The cross-price elasticity between cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco was near zero, suggesting that the two products are not considered to be close substitutes by consumers. Conclusions These results serve as a strong evidence base for developing and implementing fiscal policies for tobacco control in the Eastern Mediterranean region that address cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco products.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0964-4563 , 1468-3318
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056616
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: BMJ
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2010882-5
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