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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing Post-Exercise Hypotension after Different Sprint Interval Training Protocols in a Matched Sample of Younger and Older Adults
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 640-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 640-
    Abstract: This study assessed the post-exercise hypotension (PEH) effect in a sample of matched young and older adults after different sprint interval training (SIT) protocols. From forty-three participants enrolled in this study, twelve younger (24 ± 3 years) and 12 older (50 ± 7 years) participants, matched for the body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and VO2max-percentiles, were selected. The participants completed two SIT protocols consisting of 4 × 30 s exercise bouts interspersed by either one (SIT1) or three minutes (SIT3) of active rest. The peripheral systolic (pSBP) and diastolic (pDBP) blood pressure, central systolic (cSBP) and diastolic (cDBP) blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and heart rate (HR) were obtained before and at different measurement time points (t5, t15, t30, t45) after the exercise. No significant time × group interactions were detected in pSBP (p = 0.242, η² = 0.060), pDBP (p = 0.379, η² = 0.046), cSBP (p = 0.091, η² = 0.861), cDBP (p = 0.625, η² = 0.033), PWV (p = 0.133, η² = 0.076), and HR (p = 0.190, η² = 0.123) after SIT1. For SIT3 no significant time × group interactions could be detected for pSBP (p = 0.773, η² = 0.020), pDBP (p = 0.972, η² = 0.006), cSBP (p = 0.239, η² = 0.060), cDBP (p = 0.535, η² = 0.036), PWV (p = 0.402, η² = 0.044), and HR (p = 0.933, η² = 0.009). Matched samples of young and older adults reveal similar PEH effects after HIIT. Accordingly, age does not seem to affect PEH after SIT. These results show that rest interval length and age modulate the PEH effect after SIT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020640
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Correlation Properties Of HRV During Marathon Racing In Recreational Runners: Potential Biomarker Of Organismic Demands : 107
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 33-33
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 33-33
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1530-0315 , 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000759440.10918.2d
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 603994-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
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    COMPARING POST-EXERCISE HYPOTENSION AFTER A HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING IN MATCHED YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Hypertension Vol. 40, No. Suppl 1 ( 2022-06), p. e294-e295
    Details
    In: Journal of Hypertension, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 40, No. Suppl 1 ( 2022-06), p. e294-e295
    Abstract: An acute reduction in blood pressure (BP) can be observed after a single bout of exercise. Termed postexercise hypotension (PEH), this phenomenon has been well documented in different populations after exercise of various intensities, durations, and modalities. Even though PEH has been documented in young and older adults, no previous studies have directly compared different age groups. The present study aimed to compare the PEH effect after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in matched older and younger adults. Furthermore, within-session oxygen consumption was assessed and compared. Design and method: Forty-three participants were recruited for this study. All participants performed baseline examinations assessing body mass index (BMI), resting BP, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). Thereafter, twelve younger (24.4 ± 3.1 years) and 12 older (49.5 ± 7.4 years) participants matched for BMI, BP, and VO2max-percentiles were selected for further analysis. All participants completed a HIIT protocol consisting of 4x 30-seconds exercise bouts interspersed by 3 minutes of active recovery. Both before and throughout the 45 minutes after the training, peripheral systolic (pSBP) and diastolic (pDBP) blood pressure, central systolic (cSBP) and diastolic (cDBP) blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and heart rate (HR) were assessed. Throughout the HIIT, oxygen consumption was continuously monitored, and time spent above 75%, 85%, 95%, and 100% of VO2max was computed. Results: Both groups revealed significant (p 〈 .001) reductions over time in pSBP, pDBP, cSBP, cDBP, PWV, and HR. No significant group x time effects could be detected for pSBP (p = .581), pDBP (p = .937), cSBP (p = .691), cDBP (p = .965), PWV (p = .233), and HR (p = .711). There were no significant differences in times spent at different percentages of VO2max (p = .643). Conclusions: If matched for BMI, resting BP, and VO2max-percentiles, older and younger adults experience similar PEH effects after HIIT. Furthermore, within-session oxygen consumption was similar in both groups revealing comparable exercise intensities during the protocol. According to the present results, age does not affect PEH after HIIT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0263-6352 , 1473-5598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000838584.00882.e5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017684-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 605532-1
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  • 4
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    Ernährungsperiodisierung im Sport
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2020
    In:  Ernährung & Medizin Vol. 35, No. 01 ( 2020-03), p. 32-36
    Details
    In: Ernährung & Medizin, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 35, No. 01 ( 2020-03), p. 32-36
    Abstract: Sportler, die ihre Ernährung an das Training anpassen, können ihre Leistungsfähigkeit erhöhen und die Regeneration verbessern. Eine Ernährungsperiodisierung, wie das Intervallfasten oder der vorübergehende Verzicht auf eine energetisch ausreichende Nahrungsaufnahme, kann die Reizwirksamkeit des Trainings erhöhen. Davon profitieren insbesondere Sportler, die eine Veränderung der Körperzusammensetzung bewirken wollen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1439-1635 , 1438-9002
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1055/a-1113-2877
    Language: German
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2077868-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2133391-9
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  • 5
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    Performance and Recovery of Well-Trained Younger and Older Athletes during Different HIIT Protocols
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 9-
    Details
    In: Sports, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 9-
    Abstract: Due to physiological and morphological differences, younger and older athletes may recover differently from training loads. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are useful for studying the progression of recovery. It was the objective of this study to determine age differences in performance and recovery following different HIIT protocols. Methods: 12 younger (24.5 ± 3.7 years) and 12 older (47.3 ± 8.6 years) well-trained cyclists and triathletes took part in this study. Between the age groups there were no significant differences in relative peak power to fat-free mass, maximal heart rate (HR), training volume, and VO2max-percentiles (%). Participants performed different HIIT protocols consisting of 4 × 30 s Wingate tests with different active rest intervals (1, 3, or 10 min). Peak and average power, lactate, HR, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and recovery (Total Quality Recovery scale, TQR) were assessed. Results: During the different HIIT protocols, metabolic, cardiovascular, and subjective recovery were similar between the two groups. No significant differences were found in average lactate concentration, peak and average power, fatigue (%), %HRmax, RER, RPE, and TQR values between the groups (p 〉 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that recovery following HIIT does not differ between the two age groups. Furthermore, older and younger participants displayed similar lactate kinetics after the intermittent exercise protocols.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sports10010009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704239-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
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    Optimizing sprint interval exercise for post‐exercise hypotension: A randomized crossover trial
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  European Journal of Sport Science Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 571-579
    Details
    In: European Journal of Sport Science, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 571-579
    Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effects of manipulating the rest intervals during sprint interval training (SIT) on post‐exercise hypotension and within‐session oxygen consumption. Thirty healthy, trained adults (aged 30.9 ± 8.7 years; 14 males, 16 females; BMI 22.1 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 ; VO 2 max 50.7 ± 7.8 ml/kg/min) completed two different SIT protocols (4x 30‐seconds all‐out cycling sprints) with a one‐week washout period. Sprint bouts were separated by either 1 (R1) or 3 (R3) minutes of active recovery. Both before and throughout the 45 min after the training, peripheral systolic (pSBP) and diastolic (pDBP) blood pressure, central systolic (cSBP) and diastolic (cDBP) blood pressure, aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) were assessed. Throughout the SIT protocols, oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) was monitored. There were no significant differences in time spent at 75%, 85%, 95%, and 100% of maximal VO 2 between R1 and R3. After R3, there was a significant reduction in pSBP, pDBP, cSBP, cDBP, and aPWV. After R1, there were no changes in the respective parameters. There were significant interaction effects in pSBD ( p 〈 0.001), pDBP ( p 〈 0.001), cSBP ( p 〈 0.001), cDBP ( p = 0.001), and aPWV ( p = 0.033). HR significantly increased after both conditions. Only R1 resulted in a significant reduction in SV. Longer resting intervals during SIT bouts seem to result in more substantial post‐exercise hypotension effects. Time spent at a high percentage of maximal VO 2 was not affected by rest interval manipulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1746-1391 , 1536-7290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2046860
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2190842-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2038559-6
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
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    Recovery from Different High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols: Comparing Well-Trained Women and Men
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sports Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-02), p. 34-
    Details
    In: Sports, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-02), p. 34-
    Abstract: Due to physiological and anatomical sex differences, there are variations in the training response, and the recovery periods following exercise may be different. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are well-suited to differentially investigate the course of recovery. This study was conducted to determine sex-specific differences in the recovery following HIIT intervals interspersed with recovery phases of different lengths. Methods: Well-trained cyclists and triathletes (n = 11 females, n = 11 males) participated in this study. There were no significant sex differences in maximal heart rate (HR), relative peak power to body mass and fat-free mass, training volume, and VO2max-percentiles (females: 91.8 ± 5.5 %, males: 94.6 ± 5.4 %). A 30 s Wingate test was performed four times, separated by different active recovery periods (1, 3, or 10 min). Lactate, HR, oxygen uptake, and subjective rating of exertion and recovery were determined. Results: For the recovery time of three and ten minutes, men showed significantly higher lactate concentrations (p = 0.04, p = 0.004). Contrary, HR recovery and subjective recovery were significant slower in women than in men. Conclusion: During HIIT, women may be more resistant to fatigue and have a greater ability to recover metabolically, but have a slower HR and subjective recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sports9030034
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704239-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
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    Iron metabolism in sport and altitude training
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 194-201
    Details
    In: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 194-201
    Abstract: Iron deficiency and a catabolic metabolic state inhibit the increase in total hemoglobin mass and thus an increase in oxygen transport capacity, thereby reducing the effectiveness of altitude training. Iron homeostasis is precisely controlled by the hepatic hormone hepcidin (HEPC), which regulates the iron uptake capacity of the intestinal cells via a special protein, ferroportin. In hypoxic conditions, the protein HIF‑1 α stimulates the release of erythropoitins (EPO). Insufficient iron storage and/or a vitamin B12 deficiency in athletes, especially in young women, require replenishment by oral iron- and/or a vitamin B12-supplementation under medical supervision weeks before altitude training. Performance-enhancing effects following altitude training have been scientifically proven, especially in endurance sports. A prerequisite for the performance-enhancing effect of altitude training is a repeated exposure to medium altitudes ranging from 1700 m to 3000 m. The recommended length of the altitude exposure is 350 h to 500 h or two to three weeks. Insufficient iron availability and an energy deficit can have negative influence on the overall effectiveness of altitude training. Oral iron supplementation before and during altitude training is recommended in case of medical iron deficiency. With normal iron availability, the increased hematopoiesis caused by EPO leads to an increase in total hemoglobin mass. Following altitude training, the effect of the hypoxia-induced increase in hemoglobin is limited to three to four weeks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2509-3142 , 2509-3150
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s12662-021-00707-9
    Language: German
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2886354-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2879774-7
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  • 9
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    Exercise Training, Intermittent Fasting and Alkaline Supplementation as an Effective Strategy for Body Weight Loss: A 12-Week Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Intervention with Overweight Subjects
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Life Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-05-21), p. 74-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-05-21), p. 74-
    Abstract: Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise has been suggested to enhance weight loss. However, both procedures might negatively influence acid–base status. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of IF, exercise training and alkaline supplementation in overweight subjects on body composition and running performance. Methods: 80 overweight subjects of age 45.5 ± 7.8 years were assigned to IF or non-intermittent fasting (nIF). Furthermore, subjects were randomly assigned to take either an alkaline supplement (IF-v, nIF-v) or a placebo (IF-p, nIF-p) twice a day. All subjects performed a personalized endurance exercise program (3–4 times/week for 12 weeks). Body weight, body composition, running performance and acid–base parameters were determined before (pre) and after the 12-week program (post). Results: 68 participants completed the study. There was a significant effect on body weight loss, body fat loss, visceral fat loss and running performance enhancement in all groups (p 〈 0.01) for pre and post measurements. Body weight decreased in all groups (IF-p: −5.80 ± 0.77 kg and nIF-p: −3.40 ± 0.58 kg; IF-v: −8.28 ± 0.75 kg and nIF-v: −5.59 ± 0.87 kg). In both dietary strategies, weight loss was significantly further enhanced by alkaline supplementation. The increase in running velocity was significantly higher in IF combined with alkaline supplementation (IF-v 1.73 ± 0.23 km/h and IF-p 0.97 ± 0.20 km/h). In addition, alkaline supplementation increased plasma HCO3− concentration and urinary pH. Conclusion: Exercise training in combination with IF and alkaline supplementation is an effective strategy to reduce body weight and improve running performance in a 12-week intervention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life10050074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 10
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    Utilizing Heart Rate Variability for Coaching Athletes During and After Viral Infection: A Case Report in an Elite Endurance Athlete
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Sports and Active Living Vol. 3 ( 2021-9-3)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2021-9-3)
    Abstract: Background: Viral diseases have different individual progressions and can lead to considerable risks/long-term consequences. Therefore, it is not suitable to give general recommendations on a time off from training for athletes. This case report aims to investigate the relevance of detecting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) during an orthostatic test (OT) to monitor the progression and recovery process during and after a viral disease in an elite endurance athlete. Methods: A 30-year-old elite marathon runner contracted a viral infection (upper respiratory tract infection) 4 weeks after a marathon race. RR intervals in HR time series in supine and standing positions were monitored daily in the morning. Analyzed parameters included HR, the time-domain HRV parameter root mean square of successive difference (RMSSD), peak HR (HRpeak) in a standing position, and the time to HR peak (tHRpeak). Results: During the 6-day viral infection period, HR increased significantly by an average of 11 bpm in the supine position and by 22 bpm in the standing position. In addition, the RMSSD decreased from 20.8 to 4.2 ms, the HRpeak decreased by 13 bpm, and the tHRpeak increased by 18 s in the standing position significantly. There were no significant changes in the pre-viral infection RMSSD values in the supine position. The viral infection led to a significant change in HR and HRV parameters. The cardiac autonomic system reacted more sensitively in the standing position compared to the supine position after a viral infection in the present case study. Conclusion: These data have provided supportive rationale as to why the OT with a change from supine to standing body position and the detection of different indicators based on HR and a vagal driven time-domain HRV parameter (RMSSD) is likely to be useful to detect viral diseases early on when implemented in daily routine. Given the case study nature of the findings, future research has to be conducted to investigate whether the use of the OT might be able to offer an innovative, non-invasive, and time-efficient possibility to detect and evaluate the health status of (elite endurance) athletes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-9367
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.612782
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969725-6
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