Note: Intro -- Preface -- About the Book -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Global Pandemic, Human Security, Technology and Development -- 1.1 Introduction: Global Pandemic -- 1.2 Human Security Dimension and Development Issues -- 1.2.1 Human Security Concept -- 1.2.2 Evolution of Human Security and Development Issues -- 1.2.3 Human Security, Climate Change, and Disaster Risk Reduction -- 1.2.4 Sustainable Development Goals and Related Frameworks -- 1.3 Technology Perspectives -- 1.4 About the Book -- 1.5 Future Perspective -- References -- Part I: Overview -- Chapter 2: Developmental Agenda and the Global Pandemic -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods and Material -- 2.2.1 The Framework -- 2.2.2 Literature Review -- 2.2.3 Content Analysis -- 2.3 Review Results -- 2.3.1 Health -- 2.3.1.1 Mental Health -- 2.3.1.2 Physical Health -- 2.3.2 Economy -- 2.3.3 Food Security -- 2.3.3.1 Food Availability -- 2.3.3.2 Food Accessibility -- 2.3.3.3 Food Utilisation -- 2.3.3.4 Food Stability -- 2.3.3.5 Food Sustainability -- 2.3.4 Education -- 2.3.5 Environment -- 2.3.6 Personal Security -- 2.3.7 Community Security -- 2.3.8 Political Security -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Co-evolution of Pandemic, Human Security, and Technology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Harmonizing Public Health and Human Care -- 3.2.1 Definition of Health -- 3.2.2 Definition of Cure and Care -- 3.3 Historical Approach of Epidemic and Human Security Implications -- 3.3.1 Beginning of Science Technology for Epidemics -- 3.3.2 Remaining Issue From MDGs -- 3.4 Fostering Science Technology for Individual Human Security and Health -- 3.4.1 Technology Dimension of Pandemic -- 3.4.2 Rethinking of Community -- 3.4.3 Technological Literacy for Human development -- 3.5 Cases. , 3.6 Technology for Health: Global Responsibility to Protect and Provide Individual Care and Mobility for All -- 3.7 Way Forward -- 3.7.1 Importance of Implementation Science -- 3.7.2 Disseminate Lessons Learned at the Regional Level and Implement Standing Agreements Between Regional, Provincial, and Di... -- 3.7.3 Creating a More Networked Society and Enabling Greater Collaboration Among Citizens -- 3.7.4 Human Centric -- References -- Chapter 4: Fiscal Policies and Post-COVID-19 Development Challenges: An Overview -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fiscal Stimulus: An Overview -- 4.3 Fiscal Policies and Stimulus Packages: Case Analysis -- 4.3.1 Germany -- 4.3.2 Japan -- 4.3.3 United States -- 4.3.3.1 Phase 1: Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act -- 4.3.3.2 Phase 2: Families First Coronavirus Response Act -- 4.3.3.3 Phase 3: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) -- 4.3.3.4 Phase 4: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) -- 4.3.4 Bangladesh -- 4.3.5 India -- 4.4 Fiscal Boosting and Addressing Human Security Issues -- References -- Part II: Development -- Chapter 5: Climate Change and Human Security in the Context of the Global Pandemic: Emphasising Responses that Maximise Synerg... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Causal Loops of Human Security, Climate Change and Pandemics -- 5.2.1 Human Security and Climate Change -- 5.2.2 Human Security in International Climate Change Discussions -- 5.2.3 Climate Change and Pandemics -- 5.2.4 Human Security and Pandemics -- 5.3 Maximising Human Security Outcomes -- 5.3.1 Socioeconomic and Political Initiatives -- 5.3.2 Technology Initiatives -- 5.3.3 Environmental Interventions -- 5.3.4 Legal Interventions -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 6: Global Pandemic and Human Security: Using Health-EDRM Risk Assessment Framework to Enhance Technology Support for D... -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 COVID-19 Pandemic as a Biological Hazard -- 6.3 WHO Health-EDRM Framework -- 6.4 Health-EDRM Assessment Framework -- 6.4.1 Biological Hazard Assessment -- 6.4.2 Exposure Assessment -- 6.4.3 Vulnerability Assessment -- 6.4.4 Manageability and Resilience Assessment -- 6.5 Discussion: Health-EDRM and Human Security -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Those Above Poverty Line: Development and Vulnerability to the Pandemic -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Overview of Pandemic and Relief Management in India -- 7.3 Method -- 7.4 Antenarratives of Subjects -- 7.4.1 Meena -- 7.4.2 Pradeep -- 7.4.3 Prabhat -- 7.4.4 Sanjay -- 7.5 The Stories These Narratives Tell -- 7.5.1 Dynamic of Decline -- 7.5.2 Trauma of Decline -- 7.6 Insights and Implications -- 7.7 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 8: Urban-Rural Linkages and Their Implication to Human Security in Pandemic Time -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Overview of Human Security Concept -- 8.3 Urban-Rural Linkages and Disproportionate Impacts of Pandemic -- 8.4 COVID-19 Impacts on Human Security from Urban-Rural Linkage Perspective -- 8.4.1 COVID-19 Impacts on Economic Security in Urban-Rural Context -- 8.4.2 COVID-19 Impacts on Food Security in Urban-Rural Context -- 8.4.3 COVID-19 Impacts on Health Security in Urban-Rural Context -- 8.4.4 COVID-19 Impacts on Environmental Security in Urban-Rural Context -- 8.4.5 COVID-19 Impacts on Personal Security in Urban-Rural Context -- 8.4.6 COVID-19 Impacts on Community Security in Urban-Rural Context -- 8.4.7 COVID-19 Impacts on Political Security in Urban-Rural Context -- 8.5 Key Lessons and Way Forward -- 8.5.1 Adopting a Community-Centric Approach to Regional Development. , 8.5.2 Enhancing Service Delivery in Remote Areas by Upscaling the Use of Digital Tools -- 8.5.3 Stimulating Urban-Rural Partnerships for Coordinated Development -- References -- Chapter 9: International Migration and Human Security Under the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Human Security, Migration, and Crisis -- 9.3 Migration as a Threat -- 9.4 Migrants and the Pandemic -- 9.5 Migration as a Means for Security -- 9.6 Closing Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10: Fragility and Resilience in Food Systems: What Can We Learn from the COVID-19 Crisis? -- 10.1 Introduction: COVID-19 and Food Security -- 10.2 Why a Food Systems Approach? -- 10.3 Understanding the Food System in the Era of COVID-19 -- 10.3.1 The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Components of the Food System -- 10.3.2 External Drivers of the Food System and Their Linkages to the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 10.3.2.1 Climate Change -- 10.3.2.2 Globalization and Trade -- 10.3.2.3 Income Growth and Distribution -- 10.3.2.4 Urbanization -- 10.3.2.5 Population and Migration -- 10.3.2.6 Policies and Leadership -- 10.3.2.7 Socio-Cultural Context -- 10.3.3 Food System Outcomes and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 10.3.3.1 The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Security -- 10.3.3.2 The Impacts of COVID-19 on the Economic Outcomes of the Food System -- 10.3.3.3 The Impacts of COVID-19 on the Social Outcomes of the Food System -- 10.3.3.4 The Impacts of COVID-19 on the Environmental Outcomes of the Food System -- 10.4 How to Make the Food System Resilient? -- 10.4.1 What Is Resilience in the Food System? -- 10.4.2 Resilience Capacities -- 10.4.3 Resilience in Globalized Food Supply Chains and Fragility in Local Food Systems -- 10.4.4 How to Impart Resilience to the Entire Food System? -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 11: Challenges and Solution Pathways in Water Use Through the Lens of COVID-19 -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Challenges in Water Use Due to COVID-19 -- 11.3 Solution Pathways -- 11.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12: Education in the Time of a Pandemic -- 12.1 Context -- 12.2 School Closures in the Time of COVID -- 12.3 COVID-19 Impact on Primary Education -- 12.4 The Challenges When Schools Are Closed -- 12.5 Blended Solutions -- 12.6 The Pilot -- 12.7 The Process of Engaging Students -- 12.8 Process of Engaging Parents, Teachers, and the Community -- 12.9 Learning Outcomes -- 12.10 Concluding Observations -- References -- Chapter 13: Implications on Gender During the Pandemic -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 Coping with the Pressures of Online Teaching -- 13.2.1 Initial Response for Class Online Teaching -- 13.2.2 Challenges of Online Classes -- 13.2.3 Technology-Related Challenges -- 13.2.4 Online Bullying -- 13.2.5 Work-Life Balance -- 13.3 Pandemic and the WASH Challenges of the Urban Poor Women -- 13.3.1 The Bengaluru Situation -- 13.3.2 Capturing WASH Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Bengaluru Slums -- 13.3.3 Prevalence of Awareness -- 13.3.4 Access to Water and Sanitation Facilities -- 13.3.5 Incidence of COVID-19 -- 13.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- 13.4.1 Recommendations to Promote Human Security -- References -- Chapter 14: Access to Green Spaces: Consider Green Infrastructure Implementation with/Post-COVID-19 World -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Method -- 14.2.1 Data Collection -- 14.2.2 Analysis -- 14.3 Results -- 14.3.1 Statistical Characteristics -- 14.3.2 Annual Average by Countries and Region in 2020 -- 14.3.3 Changes in Green Open Access by COVID-19 Waves -- 14.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 15: A Sustainable and Resilient Urban Transportation System -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Literature Review. , 15.2.1 Resilience in Transport.