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  • Springer Science and Business Media LLC  (31)
  • 2020-2024  (31)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Surge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections linked to single introduction of a virus strain in Myanmar, 2020
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-05-13)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-05-13)
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major health concern globally. Genomic epidemiology is an important tool to assess the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several mutations have been reported by genome analysis of the SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we investigated the mutational and phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole-genome sequences for the virus's genomic characteristics in the specimens collected in the early phase of the pandemic (March–June, 2020) and the sudden surge of local transmission (August–September, 2020). The four samples in the early phase of infection were B.6 lineage and located within a clade of the samples collected at the same time in Singapore and Malaysia, while five returnees by rescue flights showed the lineage B. 1.36.1 (three from India), B.1.1 (one from India) and B.1.80 (one from China). However, there was no evidence of local spread from these returnees. Further, all 19 whole-genome sequences collected in the sudden surge of local transmission showed lineage B.1.36. The surge of the second wave on SARS-CoV-2 infection was linked to the single-introduction of a variant (B.1.36) that may result from the strict restriction of international travel and containment efforts. These genomic data provides the useful information to disease control and prevention strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89361-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 2
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    Impact of containment measures on community mobility, daily confirmed cases, and mortality in the third wave of COVID-19 epidemic in Myanmar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Tropical Medicine and Health Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2022-03-11)
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine and Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2022-03-11)
    Abstract: In Myanmar, third wave of COVID-19 epidemic began with a surge of confirmed cases in the last week of May 2021. The laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths distinctly increased within 9 weeks. The government and the Ministry of Health adopted containment measures to flatten the peak of the epidemic and to suppress the disease transmission. The strictly containment measures: stay-at-home restrictions, school closure, and office closure have reduced the community mobility, confirmed cases and mortality. Therefore, the timely containment measures implemented by the government were important to reduce the transmission as observed in the third wave of COVID-19 epidemic in Myanmar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1349-4147
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00413-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209835-5
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  • 3
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    Correction: Impact of containment measures on community mobility, daily confirmed cases, and mortality in the third wave of COVID-19 epidemic in Myanmar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Tropical Medicine and Health Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21)
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine and Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1349-4147
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00487-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    The acceptability of targeted mass treatment with primaquine for local elimination of vivax malaria in a northern Myanmar township: a mixed-methods study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Parasites & Vectors Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Parasites & Vectors, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Radical cure of the Plasmodium vivax latent liver stage is required to effectively manage vivax malaria. Targeted mass treatment with primaquine may be an effective mechanism for reducing reservoirs of the disease. Since community engagement and high coverage are essential for mass treatment programs, this study aimed to determine the acceptability of mass primaquine treatment in a targeted community in a northern Myanmar township. Methods A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was deployed among household leaders in July 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and standardized qualitative guidelines were conducted to gather information. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including logistic regression models, were applied. Results Among 609 study respondents, 〉 90% agreed to participate in an upcoming targeted mass primaquine treatment (TPT) program. Factors contributing to higher odds of acceptability of the program were older age [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 2.38, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.08–8.96], secondary education level (aOR: 3.99, 95% CI 1.12–20.01), having good knowledge of malaria (aOR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.04–4.76), experiencing malaria within the family (aOR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14–5.13), and believing eliminating malaria from the village is possible (aOR: 2.83, 95% CI 1.07–4.07). Furthermore, 50 community respondents, 6 midwives, and 4 public health staff (grade II) participated in the qualitative component of the study. Many thought that TPT seemed feasible and stressed that high coverage of underserved groups and health education are needed before commencing the activity. Conclusions Most respondents agreed to participate in the proposed mass treatment campaign. Older people with secondary education level and those who had experienced malaria within their families were most likely to report willingness to participate. These same individuals may be important in the community engagement process to increase community acceptance of the program. Graphical abstract
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-3305
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05064-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2409480-8
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  • 5
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    Effectiveness of oral health education on 8- to 10-year-old school children in rural areas of the Magway Region, Myanmar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Oral Health Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Oral Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Oral diseases are common and widespread around the world. The most common oral diseases are preventable, and early onset is reversible. Myanmar faces many challenges in rendering oral health services, because approximately 70% of the total population resides in rural areas. These relate to the availability and accessibility of oral health services. Therefore, oral health education is one key element to prevent oral diseases and to promote oral health. Methods A quasi-experimental study was carried out at Basic Education Middle Schools in rural areas of Magway Township to study the effectiveness of oral health education on the knowledge and behavior of 8- to 10-year-old school children. A total of 220 school children, 110 from intervention schools and 110 from control schools, participated in this study from 2015 to 2017. Data were collected before and after intervention in the two groups by using a self-administered questionnaire. Tooth brushing method data were collected by direct observation with a checklist. Oral health education was provided at eight weekly intervals for 1 year. At one and a half years, third-time data collection was done on the intervention group to assess retention. Chi-square test, two samples t -test and one-way repeated measure ANOVA were used for data analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Public Health in Yangon, Myanmar. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in four out of five knowledge questions ( p   〈  0.05) and all behavior questions ( p   〈  0.001) after intervention. A positive effect of oral health education for a period of 45 min at eight weekly intervals for 1 year was found in the intervention group. The intervention had a significant effect on the sustainability of the correct knowledge and behavior of the intervention group although the education session was stopped for 6 months ( p   〈  0.001). Their mean knowledge and behavioral scores at three different points in time were (2.45 ± 1.12 and1.56 ± 0.90) at baseline, (3.79 ± 1.12 and 3.60 ± 1.21) at 1 year after education and (4.07 ± 0.98 and 3.24 ± 1.31) at 6 months after cessation of education, respectively. Conclusions Repeated oral health education was effective in promoting and sustaining oral health knowledge and behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6831
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01368-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Vol. 615, No. 7954 ( 2023-03-30), p. 874-883
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 615, No. 7954 ( 2023-03-30), p. 874-883
    Abstract: Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being 1–6 . Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was 〈 1.1 kg m –2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 7
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    Predictors of malaria rapid diagnostic test positivity in a high burden area of Paletwa Township, Chin State in Western Myanmar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Infectious Diseases of Poverty Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Despite major reductions in malaria burden across Myanmar, clusters of the disease continue to persist in specific subregions. This study aimed to assess the predictors of test positivity among people living in Paletwa Township of Chin State, an area of persistently high malaria burden. Methods Four villages with the highest malaria incidence from Paletwa Township were purposively selected. The characteristics of 1045 subjects seeking malaria diagnosis from the four assigned village health volunteers from January to December, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Their household conditions and surroundings were also recorded using a checklist. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were applied to investigate potential associations between individual and household characteristics and malaria diagnosis. Results In 2017, the Paletwa township presented 20.9% positivity and an annual parasite index of 46.9 cases per 1000 people. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species and accounted for more than 80.0% of all infections. Among 1045 people presenting at a clinic with malaria symptoms, 31.1% were diagnosed with malaria. Predictors for test positivity included living in a hut [adjusted odds ratios (a OR ): 2.3, 95% confidence intervals ( CI ): 1.2–4.6], owning farm animals ( aOR : 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–3.6), using non-septic type of toilets ( aOR : 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–8.4), presenting with fever ( aOR : 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.0), having a malaria episode within the last year ( aOR : 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4–5.8), traveling outside the village in the previous 14 days ( aOR : 4.5, 95% CI: 1.5–13.4), and not using bed nets (a OR : 3.4, 95% CI: 2.3–5.1). There were no statistically significant differences by age or gender in this present analysis. Conclusions The results from this study, including a high proportion of P. falciparum infections, little difference in age, sex, or occupation, suggest that malaria is a major burden for these study villages. Targeted health education campaigns should be introduced to strengthen synchronous diagnosis-seeking behaviors, tighten treatment adherence, receiving a diagnosis after traveling to endemic regions, and using bed nets properly. We suggest increased surveillance, early diagnosis, and treatment efforts to control the disease and then to consider the local elimination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-9957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00787-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2689396-4
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  • 8
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    Correction: Spatiotemporal dynamics of malaria in Banmauk Township, Sagaing region of Northern Myanmar: characteristics, trends, and risk factors
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-08-25)
    Details
    In: BMC Infectious Diseases, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-08-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2334
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07676-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041550-3
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  • 9
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    Community-based molecular and serological surveillance of subclinical malaria in Myanmar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Medicine Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), current malaria surveillance strategies rely on a network of village health volunteers (VHVs) reporting the results of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), known to miss many asymptomatic infections. Integration of more sensitive diagnostic molecular and serological measures into the VHV network may improve surveillance of residual malaria transmission in hard-to-reach areas in the region and inform targeted interventions and elimination responses. However, data on residual malaria transmission that would be captured by these measures in the VHV-led testing and treatment surveillance network in the GMS is unknown. Methods A total of 114 VHVs were trained to collect dried blood spots from villagers undergoing routine RDTs as part of VHV-led active and passive case detection from April 2015 to June 2016. Samples were subjected to molecular testing (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]) to determine Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infection and serological testing (against P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens) to determine exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax . Results Over 15 months, 114 VHVs performed 32,194 RDTs and collected samples for molecular ( n = 13,157) and serological ( n = 14,128) testing. The prevalence of molecular-detectable P. falciparum and P. vivax infection was 3.2% compared to the 0.16% prevalence of Plasmodium spp. by RDT, highlighting the large burden of infections undetected by standard surveillance. Peaks in anti- P. falciparum , but not P. vivax , merozoite IgG seroprevalence coincided with seasonal P. falciparum transmission peaks, even in those with no molecularly detectable parasites. At the individual level, antibody seropositivity was associated with reduced odds of contemporaneous P. falciparum (OR for Pf CSP 0.51 [95%CI 0.35, 0.76], p = 0.001, Pf AMA1 0.70 [95%CI 0.52, 0.93], p = 0.01, and Pf MSP2 0.81 [95%CI 0.61, 1.08], p = 0.15), but not P. vivax infection (OR Pv AMA1 1.02 [95%CI 0.73, 1.43], p = 0.89) indicating a potential role of immunity in protection against molecular-detectable P. falciparum parasitaemia. Conclusions We demonstrated that integration and implementation of sample collection for molecular and serological surveillance into networks of VHV servicing hard-to-reach populations in the GMS is feasible, can capture significant levels of ongoing undetected seasonal malaria transmission and has the potential to supplement current routine RDT testing. Improving malaria surveillance by advancing the integration of molecular and serological techniques, through centralised testing approaches or novel point-of-contact tests, will advance progress, and tracking, towards malaria elimination goals in the GMS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-7015
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01993-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2131669-7
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  • 10
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    Spatiotemporal dynamics of malaria in Banmauk Township, Sagaing region of Northern Myanmar: characteristics, trends, and risk factors
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-07-28)
    Details
    In: BMC Infectious Diseases, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-07-28)
    Abstract: While national malaria incidence has been declining in Myanmar, some subregions within the nation continue to have high burdens of malaria morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the malaria situation in one of these regions, Banmauk Township, located near the Myanmar-India border. Our goal was to provide a detailed description of the malaria epidemiology in this township and to provide some evidence-based recommendations to formulate a strategy for reaching the national malaria elimination plan. Banmauk consistently has one of the highest malaria burdens in Myanmar. Methods With the implementation of strengthened malaria control and surveillance activities after the endorsement of a national malaria elimination plan in 2015, detailed incidence data were obtained for 2016–2018 for Banmauk Township. The data include patient demographics, parasite species, disease severity, and disease outcome. Data were analyzed to identify characteristics, trends, distribution, and risk factors. Results During 2016–2018, 2,402 malaria cases were reported, with Plasmodium falciparum accounting for 83.4% of infections. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax were transmitted more frequently during the rainy season (May–October). Despite intensified control, the annual parasite incidence rate (API) in 2017 (11.0) almost doubled that in 2016 (6.5). In total, 2.5% (59/2042) of the cases, of which 54 P. falciparum and 5 P. vivax , were complicated cases, resulting in 5 deaths. Malaria morbidity was high in children  〈  15 years and accounted for 33.4% of all cases and about 47% of the complicated cases. Older age groups and males living with poor transportation conditions were more likely to test positive especially in rainy and cold seasons. Despite the clear seasonality of malaria, severe cases were found among young children even more common in the dry season, when malaria incidence was low. Conclusions Despite the declining trend, the malaria burden remained high in Banmauk Township. Our study also documented severe cases and deaths from both falciparum and vivax malaria. P. falciparum remained the predominant parasite species, demanding increased efforts to achieve the goal of elimination of P. falciparum by 2025. As P. falciparum cases decreased, the proportion of cases attributable to P. vivax increased. In order to eliminate malaria, it will likely be important to increasingly target this species as well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2334
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07634-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041550-3
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