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  • 1
    In: The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, SAGE Publications, Vol. 37, No. 3-4 ( 2023-07), p. 351-379
    Abstract: The Abisko project aims to develop an energy-efficient spiking neural network (SNN) computing architecture and software system capable of autonomous learning and operation. The SNN architecture explores novel neuromorphic devices that are based on resistive-switching materials, such as memristors and electrochemical RAM. Equally important, Abisko uses a deep codesign approach to pursue this goal by engaging experts from across the entire range of disciplines: materials, devices and circuits, architectures and integration, software, and algorithms. The key objectives of our Abisko project are threefold. First, we are designing an energy-optimized high-performance neuromorphic accelerator based on SNNs. This architecture is being designed as a chiplet that can be deployed in contemporary computer architectures and we are investigating novel neuromorphic materials to improve its design. Second, we are concurrently developing a productive software stack for the neuromorphic accelerator that will also be portable to other architectures, such as field-programmable gate arrays and GPUs. Third, we are creating a new deep codesign methodology and framework for developing clear interfaces, requirements, and metrics between each level of abstraction to enable the system design to be explored and implemented interchangeably with execution, measurement, a model, or simulation. As a motivating application for this codesign effort, we target the use of SNNs for an analog event detector for a high-energy physics sensor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1094-3420 , 1741-2846
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017480-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Biological Rhythms Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2020-08), p. 391-404
    In: Journal of Biological Rhythms, SAGE Publications, Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2020-08), p. 391-404
    Abstract: During adolescence, biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors converge in a “perfect storm” and have been put forward to explain the delay in chronotype observed at this age and the prevalence of disrupted sleep. This study provides evidence to support that chronotype and sleep patterns (particularly sleep duration) are socially constrained and to identify novel significant social predictors. Uruguayan public school activities are arranged in up to 4 shifts, creating a natural experiment to examine the effect of school timing on questionnaire-based assessments of sleep and chronotype. In this study, 268 high school students (15-18 years old) who attended school either on morning (0730 to 1130 h) or afternoon shifts (1130 h to 1530 h) responded to an adapted School Sleep Habits Survey. Students attending afternoon shifts had later chronotypes (a 1.5-h later midpoint of sleep on free days adjusted for sleep debt) than those attending the morning shift. Besides shift, evening social activities (including dinner time) were further identified as key predictors of late chronotypes, whereas age and gender were not. Sleep on school days was overall advanced and reduced with respect to weekends, and these effects were stronger in morning-shift students. Weekend sleep duration was similar between shifts, which probably caused the prevalence of reduced sleep durations (average weekly sleep duration, SDweek 〈 8 h) to be higher in morning-shift students (almost 80%) than in afternoon-shift ones (34%). Reduced sleep duration was significantly higher in morning-shift students. In addition, age, chronotype, and dinner time became relevant determinants of sleep deficit only in the morning-shift students. Besides the important social constraint of early school start time, this is the first study to confirm the significance of other types of social pressures on both adolescents’ chronotype and sleep deficit, which can be useful as potential new targets for effective policies to protect adolescent sleep.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0748-7304 , 1552-4531
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018064-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Adult Learning Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 40-49
    In: Adult Learning, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 40-49
    Abstract: In this collaborative autoethnography, three immigrant adult education scholars examine diverse ways in which their experiences with racialization as immigrants in the United States have informed their scholarship and practice. The three authors originate from different parts of the world and use different theoretical frameworks—critical literary studies; critical theory; and postcolonial and Critical Race Theory, respectively—to complicate the immigrant Self and story. They argue that the use of autoethnography in adult education has the potential to illuminate issues of class, race, gender, and nationality to disrupt the typical immigrant narrative and allow for the advent of new immigrant stories and Subjects. Each narrative is unique; however, they do share the following commonalities: Critique of the postcolonial condition and the colonization of the Subject and culture; complicating the Black–White binary paradigm of race; centering anti-racist praxis; and suggestions for decolonizing the Self and adult education. The authors engage in this anti-racist work in solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement, in an effort to dismantle systemic inequities and give voice to the subaltern. Patterns arising from their examination of these issues reveal new questions adult educators could consider as we teach, learn with, and from immigrant adult learners, whose cultural-historical contexts remain multi-layered and complex, rather than linear.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-1595 , 2162-4070
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069665-6
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Social Media + Society Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2020-07), p. 205630512093730-
    In: Social Media + Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2020-07), p. 205630512093730-
    Abstract: The fake news crisis points to a complex set of circumstances in which new media ecologies struggle to address challenges related to authenticity, rhetorical manipulation and disinformation, and the inability of traditional educational models to adequately teach toward critical information literacy. While social media sites such as Facebook acknowledge the culpability of their platforms in spreading fake news, and create new strategies for addressing this problem, such measures are woefully inadequate. Wikipedia, nearing its 20th year, however, has developed numerous practices and policies to ensure information validity and verifiability. This article explores the connection between participation in the Wikipedia community, the development of critical information literacies, and the ability to navigate the current new media landscape. Analysis and review of Wikipedia’s community policies and the procedures resulting from these policies demonstrate the encyclopedia’s unique capacity to protect against problematic information. We ultimately argue that Wikipedia has become and remains one of the few places on the internet dedicated to combating fake news, and make recommendations on how to leverage Wikipedia practices and policies for information validation outside of the encyclopedia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2056-3051 , 2056-3051
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2819814-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty Vol. 4 ( 2020-01), p. 247154922096004-
    In: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty, SAGE Publications, Vol. 4 ( 2020-01), p. 247154922096004-
    Abstract: Medical professionals remain conflicted about the best rehabilitation protocol a patient should perform after rotator cuff repair surgery. Exercises deemed passive may be activating the shoulder muscles to a moderate level, thus putting the surgical repair construct at risk for re-injury. The purpose of this study was to measure the activation of the rotator cuff and surrounding musculature during exercises used in physical therapy following rotator cuff repair surgery using electromyography (EMG). Methods Muscle activation was recorded in fourteen participants performing sixteen exercises. Four fine wire electrodes (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor) and six surface electrodes (upper and middle division of the trapezius, anterior, medial and posterior head of the deltoid, biceps brachii) were utilized. EMG activity values for each muscle were normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction and activation levels were assessed. Results Twelve of the sixteen exercises tested were moderately active in the subscapularis muscle. The results show the subscapularis muscle was activated in all three planes of motion. Discussion Most exercises were found to have low activation levels for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. While the exercises examined in this study appear to be safe for the more commonly repaired supraspinatus, caution should be used when administering exercises to individuals with repairs involving the subscapularis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2471-5492 , 2471-5492
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2898174-1
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  • 6
    In: Toxicologic Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 50, No. 4 ( 2022-06), p. 497-506
    Abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are cardiac hormones located in atria granules. Both peptides respond to cardiac pressure and volume dynamics and accordingly serve as translation biomarkers for the clinical treatment of heart failure. Serum ANP and BNP play central secretary roles in blood pressure and cardiac output regulation and have proven utility as differential biomarkers of cardiovascular proficiency and drug-induced maladaptation, yet both peptides are impervious to exercise-induced hypertrophy. We employed immunoelectron microscopy to examine the effects of 28 days of chronic swim exercise or administration of a PPARγ agonist on atrial granules and their stored natriuretic peptides in Sprague Dawley rats. Chronic swimming and drug treatment both resulted in a 15% increase in heart weight compared with controls, with no treatment effects on perinuclear granule area in the left atria (LAs). Drug treatment resulted in larger size granules with greater BNP density in the right atria. Comparing swimming and PPARγ agonist treatment effects on ANP:BNP granule density ratios between atrial chambers revealed a shift toward a greater proportion of ANP than BNP in LAs of swim-trained rats. These data suggest a distinction in the population of ANP and BNP after chronic swim or PPARγ that makes it a novel metric for the differentiation of pathological and physiological hypertrophy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-6233 , 1533-1601
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056753-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Vascular Access Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 387-394
    In: The Journal of Vascular Access, SAGE Publications, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 387-394
    Abstract: The prevalence of hemodialysis patients is increasing, and it is important to create the arteriovenous fistula as early as possible to avoid hemodialysis by central venous catheter. International guidelines recommend arteriovenous fistula as the vascular access of first choice. Arteriovenous fistulae are associated with a failure rate of 23%. The success of an arteriovenous fistula can be evaluated intraoperatively by physical examination and by measuring the blood flow. Objectives: The aim of the study is to describe the predictive value of various factors for fistula maturation in the context to the current literature. Methods: We report on a prospective cohort study of 41 patients, undergoing a primary arteriovenous fistula at the upper extremity. The primary endpoint of the study was the successful fistula maturation after 6 weeks. Results: The intraoperative measurement of the blood flow in the outflow vein has been identified as the unique significant parameter for the fistula maturation. Conclusion: The predictive value of intraoperative flow measurement is superior to intraoperative physical examination and could help reduce the fistula dysmaturation rate. Intraoperative transit time flow measurement is an easy method and can be used to predict successful fistula maturation in a high percentage rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1129-7298 , 1724-6032
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2079292-X
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  • 8
    In: The Family Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2022-04), p. 200-208
    Abstract: Background: Parental cancer affects not only the patient, but all family members. Access to psychological support for the entire family is highly relevant, but still scarce. The aim of the present research project was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term counselling intervention for families with parental cancer. Methods: The short-term counselling intervention consisted of six sessions and was developed based on pre-existing evaluated concepts. All participating family members had to complete questionnaires prior and post-intervention. These questionnaires investigated changes in family communication and satisfaction levels, parental anxiety and depression levels, parental partnership quality and self-assessed quality of life of children and adolescents. Furthermore, feasibility of and satisfaction with the intervention was assessed. Results: Acceptability of short-term counselling was high in participating families, although feasibility was limited with regard to the final inclusion rate (n  =  10). Comparison of pre and post intervention measures showed a significant increase in family communication and satisfaction levels. Anxiety and depression levels were low, quality of parental partnership within the normal range, and quality of life reported from children was high. These scores remained stable from pre to post intervention. Conclusions: The counselling intervention most likely had positive effects in all family members with either stabilizing or increasing all measured outcomes. Although interpretation of the results is limited due to the small sample size, we believe that integrated in clinical routine of adult care of a hospital, this additional offer might be a valuable benefice to cancer patients and their families. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03097458 (clinicaltrials.gov)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1066-4807 , 1552-3950
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066108-3
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
    In: DIGITAL HEALTH, SAGE Publications, Vol. 8 ( 2022-01), p. 205520762211448-
    Abstract: Light exposure is an important driver and modulator of human physiology, behavior and overall health, including the biological clock, sleep-wake cycles, mood and alertness. Light can also be used as a directed intervention, e.g., in the form of light therapy in seasonal affective disorder (SAD), jetlag prevention and treatment, or to treat circadian disorders. Recently, a system of quantities and units related to the physiological effects of light was standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE S 026/E:2018). At the same time, biometric monitoring technologies (BioMeTs) to capture personalized light exposure were developed. However, because there are currently no standard approaches to evaluate the digital dosimeters, the need to provide a firm framework for the characterization, calibration, and reporting for these digital sensors is urgent. Objective This article provides such a framework by applying the principles of verification, analytic validation and clinical validation (V3) as a state-of-the-art approach for tools and standards in digital medicine to light dosimetry. Results This article describes opportunities for the use of digital dosimeters for basic research, for monitoring light exposure, and for measuring adherence in both clinical and non-clinical populations to light-based interventions in clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2055-2076 , 2055-2076
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2819396-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 962-970
    In: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 962-970
    Abstract: Self-management is an important pillar for diabetes control and to achieve it, glucose self-monitoring devices are needed. Currently, there exist several different devices in the market and many others are being developed. However, whether these devices are suitable to be used in resource constrained settings is yet to be evaluated. Aims: To assess existing glucose monitoring tools and also those in development against the REASSURED which have been previously used to evaluate diagnostic tools for communicable diseases. Methods: We conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed for peer-review articles published in either English, Spanish or Portuguese in the last 5 years. We selected papers including information about devices used for self-monitoring and tested on humans with diabetes; then, the REASSURED criteria were used to assess them. Results: We found a total of 7 continuous glucose monitoring device groups, 6 non-continuous, and 6 devices in development. Accuracy varied between devices and most of them were either invasive or minimally invasive. Little to no evidence is published around robustness, affordability and delivery to those in need. However, when reviewing publicly available prices, none of the devices would be affordable for people living in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusions: Available devices cannot be considered adapted for use in self-monitoring in resource constraints settings. Further studies should aim to develop less-invasive devices that do not require a large set of components. Additionally, we suggest some improvement in the REASSURED criteria such as the inclusion of patient-important outcomes to increase its appropriateness to assess non-communicable diseases devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-2968 , 1932-2968
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2467312-2
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