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  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (12)
  • 2020-2024  (12)
  • 1
    In: Critical Care Explorations, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. e0360-
    Abstract: The intestinal microbiome can modulate immune function through production of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids. We explored whether intestinal dysbiosis in children with sepsis leads to changes in microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids in plasma and stool that are associated with immunometabolic dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Design: Prospective observational pilot study. Setting: Single academic PICU. Patients: Forty-three children with sepsis/septic shock and 44 healthy controls. Measurements and Main Results: Stool and plasma samples were serially collected for sepsis patients; stool was collected once for controls. The intestinal microbiome was assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and alpha- and beta-diversity were determined. We measured short-chain fatty acids using liquid chromatography, peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial respiration using high-resolution respirometry, and immune function using ex vivo lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood tumor necrosis factor-α. Sepsis patients exhibited reduced microbial diversity compared with healthy controls, with lower alpha- and beta-diversity. Reduced microbial diversity among sepsis patients (mainly from lower abundance of commensal obligate anaerobes) was associated with increased acetic and propionic acid and decreased butyric, isobutyric, and caproic acid. Decreased levels of plasma butyric acid were further associated with lower peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial respiration, which in turn, was associated with lower lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α. However, neither intestinal dysbiosis nor specific patterns of short-chain fatty acids were associated with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis was associated with altered short-chain fatty acid metabolites in children with sepsis, but these findings were not linked directly to mitochondrial or immunologic changes. More detailed mechanistic studies are needed to test the role of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids in the progression of sepsis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2639-8028
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
    In: Hepatology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 74, No. 6 ( 2021-12), p. 3427-3440
    Abstract: Although germ‐free mice are an indispensable tool in studying the gut microbiome and its effects on host physiology, they are phenotypically different than their conventional counterparts. While antibiotic‐mediated microbiota depletion in conventional mice leads to physiologic alterations that often mimic the germ‐free state, the degree to which the effects of microbial colonization on the host are reversible is unclear. The gut microbiota produce abundant short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and previous studies have demonstrated a link between microbial‐derived SCFAs and global hepatic histone acetylation in germ‐free mice. Approach and Results We demonstrate that global hepatic histone acetylation states measured by mass spectrometry remained largely unchanged despite loss of luminal and portal vein SCFAs after antibiotic‐mediated microbiota depletion. In contrast to stable hepatic histone acetylation states, we see robust hepatic transcriptomic alterations after microbiota depletion. Additionally, neither dietary supplementation with supraphysiologic levels of SCFA nor the induction of hepatocyte proliferation in the absence of microbiota‐derived SCFAs led to alterations in global hepatic histone acetylation. Conclusions These results suggest that microbiota‐dependent landscaping of the hepatic epigenome through global histone acetylation is static in nature, while the hepatic transcriptome is responsive to alterations in the gut microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-9139 , 1527-3350
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    In: Hepatology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 78, No. 6 ( 2023-12), p. 1843-1857
    Abstract: There is great interest in identifying microbiome features as reliable noninvasive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for non-cirrhotic NASH fibrosis. Several cross-sectional studies have reported gut microbiome features associated with advanced NASH fibrosis and cirrhosis, where the most prominent features are associated with cirrhosis. However, no large, prospectively collected data exist establishing microbiome features that discern non-cirrhotic NASH fibrosis, integrate the fecal metabolome as disease biomarkers, and are unconfounded by BMI and age. Approach and Results: Results from shotgun metagenomic sequencing performed on fecal samples prospectively collected from 279 US patients with biopsy-proven NASH (F1–F3 fibrosis) enrolled in the REGENERATE I303 study were compared to those from 3 healthy control cohorts and integrated with the absolute quantification of fecal bile acids. Microbiota beta-diversity was different, and BMI- and age-adjusted logistic regression identified 12 NASH-associated species. Random forest prediction models resulted in an AUC of 0.75–0.81 in a receiver operator characteristic analysis. In addition, specific fecal bile acids were significantly lower in NASH and correlated with plasma C4 levels. Microbial gene abundance analysis revealed 127 genes increased in controls, many involving protein synthesis, whereas 362 genes were increased in NASH many involving bacterial environmental responses (false discovery rate 〈 0.01). Finally, we provide evidence that fecal bile acid levels may be a better discriminator of non-cirrhotic NASH versus health than either plasma bile acids or gut microbiome features. Conclusions: These results may have value as a set of baseline characteristics of non-cirrhotic NASH against which therapeutic interventions to prevent cirrhosis can be compared and microbiome-based diagnostic biomarkers identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-9139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2024-06)
    Abstract: ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches) did not find an overall reduction in cardiovascular events with an initial invasive versus conservative management strategy in chronic coronary disease; however, there were conservative strategy participants who underwent invasive coronary angiography early postrandomization (within 6 months). Identifying factors associated with angiography in conservative strategy participants will inform clinical decision-making in patients with chronic coronary disease. METHODS: Factors independently associated with angiography performed within 6 months of randomization were identified using Fine and Gray proportional subdistribution hazard models, including demographics, region of randomization, medical history, risk factor control, symptoms, ischemia severity, coronary anatomy based on protocol-mandated coronary computed tomography angiography, and medication use. RESULTS: Among 2591 conservative strategy participants, angiography within 6 months of randomization occurred in 8.7% (4.7% for a suspected primary end point event, 1.6% for persistent symptoms, and 2.6% due to protocol nonadherence) and was associated with the following baseline characteristics: enrollment in Europe versus Asia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81 [95% CI, 1.14–2.86] ), daily and weekly versus no angina (HR, 5.97 [95% CI, 2.78–12.86] and 2.63 [95% CI, 1.51–4.58] , respectively), poor to fair versus good to excellent health status (HR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.23–3.32]) assessed with Seattle Angina Questionnaire, and new/more frequent angina prerandomization (HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.34–2.40] ). Baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 〈 70 mg/dL was associated with a lower risk of angiography (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.46–0.91) but not baseline ischemia severity nor the presence of multivessel or proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis 〉 70% on coronary computed tomography angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Among ISCHEMIA participants randomized to the conservative strategy, angiography within 6 months of randomization was performed in 〈 10% of patients. It was associated with frequent or increasing baseline angina and poor quality of life but not with objective markers of disease severity. Well-controlled baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a reduced likelihood of angiography. These findings point to the importance of a comprehensive assessment of symptoms and a review of guideline-directed medical therapy goals when deciding the initial treatment strategy for chronic coronary disease. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01471522.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-7640 , 1941-7632
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 5
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2024-03-05)
    Abstract: Women with chronic coronary disease are generally older than men and have more comorbidities but less atherosclerosis. We explored sex differences in revascularization, guideline‐directed medical therapy, and outcomes among patients with chronic coronary disease with ischemia on stress testing, with and without invasive management. Methods and Results The ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) trial randomized patients with moderate or severe ischemia to invasive management with angiography, revascularization, and guideline‐directed medical therapy, or initial conservative management with guideline‐directed medical therapy alone. We evaluated the primary outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest) and other end points, by sex, in 1168 (22.6%) women and 4011 (77.4%) men. Invasive group catheterization rates were similar, with less revascularization among women (73.4% of invasive‐assigned women revascularized versus 81.2% of invasive‐assigned men; P 〈 0.001). Women had less coronary artery disease: multivessel in 60.0% of invasive‐assigned women and 74.8% of invasive‐assigned men, and no ≥50% stenosis in 12.3% versus 4.5% ( P 〈 0.001). In the conservative group, 4‐year catheterization rates were 26.3% of women versus 25.6% of men ( P =0.72). Guideline‐directed medical therapy use was lower among women with fewer risk factor goals attained. There were no sex differences in the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for women versus men, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.77–1.13] ; P =0.47) or the major secondary outcome of cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction (adjusted HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.76–1.14]; P =0.49), with no significant sex‐by‐treatment‐group interactions. Conclusions Women had less extensive coronary artery disease and, therefore, lower revascularization rates in the invasive group. Despite lower risk factor goal attainment, women with chronic coronary disease experienced similar risk‐adjusted outcomes to men in the ISCHEMIA trial. Registration URL: http://wwwclinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01471522.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 6
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 146, No. 9 ( 2022-08-30), p. 657-672
    Abstract: Apolipoprotein B (apoB) provides an integrated measure of atherogenic risk. Whether apoB levels and apoB lowering hold incremental predictive information on residual risk after acute coronary syndrome beyond that provided by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is uncertain. Methods: The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) compared the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite optimized statin therapy. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal/nonfatal ischemic stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina). Associations between baseline apoB or apoB at 4 months and MACE were assessed in adjusted Cox proportional hazards and propensity score–matched models. Results: Median follow-up was 2.8 years. In proportional hazards analysis in the placebo group, MACE incidence increased across increasing baseline apoB strata (3.2 [95% CI, 2.9–3.6], 4.0 [95% CI, 3.6–4.5] , and 5.5 [95% CI, 5.0–6.1] events per 100 patient-years in strata 〈 75, 75– 〈 90, ≥90 mg/dL, respectively; P trend 〈 0.0001) and after adjustment for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P trend =0.035). Higher baseline apoB stratum was associated with greater relative ( P trend 〈 0.0001) and absolute reduction in MACE with alirocumab versus placebo. In the alirocumab group, the incidence of MACE after month 4 decreased monotonically across decreasing achieved apoB strata (4.26 [95% CI, 3.78–4.79], 3.09 [95% CI, 2.69–3.54] , and 2.41 [95% CI, 2.11–2.76] events per 100 patient-years in strata ≥50, 〉 35– 〈 50, and ≤35 mg/dL, respectively). Compared with propensity score–matched patients from the placebo group, treatment hazard ratios for alirocumab also decreased monotonically across achieved apoB strata. Achieved apoB was predictive of MACE after adjustment for achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not vice versa. Conclusions: In patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins, MACE increased across baseline apoB strata. Alirocumab reduced MACE across all strata of baseline apoB, with larger absolute reductions in patients with higher baseline levels. Lower achieved apoB was associated with lower risk of MACE, even after accounting for achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, indicating that apoB provides incremental information. Achievement of apoB levels as low as ≤35 mg/dL may reduce lipoprotein-attributable residual risk after acute coronary syndrome. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01663402.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 857-861
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 857-861
    Abstract: Hogg, JA, Riehm, CD, Diekfuss, JA, Simon, JE, Acocello, SN, Liang, Y, Wu, D, Myer, GD, and Wilkerson, GB. An exemplar frontal plane visual kinematic stimulus elicits sex-specific learned behavior: An exploratory report. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 857–861, 2022—The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if a visually delivered kinematic stimulus designed to promote injury-resistant biomechanics would induce sex-specific motor learning effects. Six female subjects and 6 male subjects participated in 2 consecutive day sessions in which they mimicked an avatar performing 5 sets of 8 repetitions of exemplar frontal plane mechanics during single-leg squats. Acute (∼10 minutes) and delayed (∼24 hours) transfer testing under single-task (single-leg balance) and dual-task conditions (single-leg balance plus cognitive task) were referenced to baseline measurements. Center of pressure (CoP) mean velocity (Vel), SD , and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) in the anterior posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions were quantified, with dual-task costs defined as the percentage difference from single-task to dual-task. Separate 2 × 3 repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted for each dual-task cost variable. Main effects and interactions with large effect sizes considered as ≥ 0.14 were further explored with pairwise post hoc comparisons. Sex by time interactions were observed for medial-lateral standard deviation cost ( = 0.29; p = 0.04), anterior-posterior standard deviation cost ( = 0.27; p = 0.06), and AP DFA cost ( = 0.41; p = 0.007), in which female subjects displayed lower dual task cost at acute transfer testing compared with male subjects (Cohen's d = 1.52, 1.64, 0.97; p = 0.03, 0.02, and 0.13 respectively). This report provides preliminary evidence that female subjects may be more responsive than male subjects to a prescribed frontal plane kinematic visual stimulus. Based on these sex-specific effects, future visually driven stimuli may require alternative strategies to optimize efficacy in male subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
    In: American Journal of Gastroenterology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 117, No. 10S ( 2022-10), p. e288-e289
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9270 , 1572-0241
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 51, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 3055-3063
    Abstract: Noncontrast head CT and CT perfusion (CTP) are both used to screen for endovascular stroke therapy (EST), but the impact of imaging strategy on likelihood of EST is undetermined. Here, we examine the influence of CTP utilization on likelihood of EST in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Methods: We identified patients with acute ischemic stroke at 4 comprehensive stroke centers. All 4 hospitals had 24/7 CTP and EST capability and were covered by a single physician group (Neurology, NeuroIntervention, NeuroICU). All centers performed noncontrast head CT and CT angiography in the initial evaluation. One center also performed CTP routinely with high CTP utilization (CTP-H), and the others performed CTP optionally with lower utilization (CTP-L). Primary outcome was likelihood of EST. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether facility type (CTP-H versus CTP-L) was associated with EST adjusting for age, prestroke mRS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, LVO location, time window, and intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator). Results: Among 3107 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 715 had LVO, of which 403 (56%) presented to CTP-H and 312 (44%) presented to CTP-L. CTP utilization among LVO patients was greater at CTP-H centers (72% versus 18%, CTP-H versus CTP-L, P 〈 0.01). In univariable analysis, EST rates for patients with LVO were similar between CTP-H versus CTP-L (46% versus 49%). In multivariable analysis, patients with LVO were less likely to undergo EST at CTP-H (odds ratio, 0.59 [0.41–0.85]). This finding was maintained in multiple patient subsets including late time window, anterior circulation LVO, and direct presentation patients. Ninety-da y functional independence (odds ratio, 1.04 [0.70–1.54]) was not different, nor were rates of post-EST PH-2 hemorrhage (1% versus 1%). Conclusions: We identified an increased likelihood for undergoing EST in centers with lower CTP utilization, which was not associated with worse clinical outcomes or increased hemorrhage. These findings suggest under-treatment bias with routine CTP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80381-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 10
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 52, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 1022-1029
    Abstract: The optimal endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) care delivery structure is unknown. Here, we present our experience in creating an integrated stroke system (ISS) to expand EVT availability throughout our region while maintaining hospital and physician quality standards. Methods: We identified all consecutive patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT from January 2014 to February 2019 in our health care system. In October 2017, we implemented the ISS, in which 3 additional hospitals (4 total) became EVT-performing hospitals (EPHs) and physicians were rotated between all centers. The cohort was divided by time into pre-ISS and post-ISS, and the primary outcome was time from stroke onset to EPH arrival. Secondary outcomes included hospital and procedural quality metrics. We performed an external validation using data from the Southeast Texas Regional Advisory Council. Results: Among 513 patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT, 58% were treated pre-ISS and 43% post-ISS. Over the study period, EVT procedural volume increased overall but remained relatively low at the 3 new EPHs ( 〈 70 EVT/y). After ISS, the proportion of patients who underwent interhospital transfer decreased (46% versus 37%; P 〈 0.05). In adjusted quantile regression, ISS implementation resulted in a reduction of time from stroke onset to EPH arrival by 40 minutes ( P 〈 0.01) and onset to groin puncture by 29 minutes ( P 〈 0.05). Rates of postprocedural hemorrhage, modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b/3, and 90-day modified Rankin Scale were comparable at the higher and lower volume EPHs. The improvement in onset-to-arrival time was not reflective of overall improvement in secular trends in regional prehospital care. Conclusions: In our system, increasing EVT availability decreased time from stroke onset to EPH arrival. The ISS provides a framework to maintain quality in lower volume hospitals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80381-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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