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  • MDPI AG  (162)
  • 2020-2024  (162)
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  • MDPI AG  (162)
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  • 2020-2024  (162)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Natural Products for Pesticides Discovery: Structural Diversity Derivation and Biological Activities of Naphthoquinones Plumbagin and Juglone
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2023-04-09), p. 3328-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2023-04-09), p. 3328-
    Abstract: Plant diseases and insect pests seriously affect the yield and quality of crops and are difficult to control. Natural products are an important source for the discovery of new pesticides. In this work, naphthoquinones plumbagin and juglone were selected as parent structures, and a series of their derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their fungicidal activities, antiviral activities and insecticidal activities. We found that the naphthoquinones have broad-spectrum anti-fungal activities against 14 types of fungus for the first time. Some of the naphthoquinones showed higher fungicidal activities than pyrimethanil. Compounds I, I-1e and II-1a emerged as new anti-fungal lead compounds with excellent fungicidal activities (EC50 values: 11.35–17.70 µg/mL) against Cercospora, arachidicola Hori. Some compounds also displayed good to excellent antiviral activities against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Compounds I-1f and II-1f showed similar level of anti-TMV activities with ribavirin, and could be used as new antiviral candidates. These compound also exhibited good to excellent insecticidal activities. Compounds II-1d and III-1c displayed a similar level of insecticidal activities with matrine, hexaflumuron and rotenone against Plutella xylostella. In current study, plumbagin and juglone were discovered as parent structures, which lays a foundation for their application in plant protection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083328
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dioscin Ameliorates Hyperuricemia-Induced Atherosclerosis by Modulating of Cholesterol Metabolism through FXR-Signaling Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-05-09), p. 1983-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-05-09), p. 1983-
    Abstract: Hyperuricemia is one of the independent risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Herein, we investigate the association between uric acid and cholesterol metabolism and the effect of dioscin on the prevention of hyperuricemia-induced atherosclerosis. In the potassium oxonate-treated ApoE−/−−/− mice, atherosclerosis was accelerated along with elevated serum cholesterol levels in the hyperuricemic state, which can be ameliorated by dioscin. Together with the in vitro assays, we found that the effect of dioscin was at least partially through the regulation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) -small heterodimer partner (SHP) -7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) signaling pathway in the liver. Tigogenin (a metabolite of dioscin) suppressed FXR activation and increased CYP7A1, resulting in an increased conversion rate of cholesterols into bile acids. Further clinical study revealed that treatment with a dioscin-enriched preparation decreased serum cholesterol levels in individuals with hyperuricemia. In summary, this study demonstrated a slowdown effect of dioscin on the progression of hyperuricemia-induced atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14091983
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Case Study of Swine Wastewater Treatment via Electrochemical Oxidation by Ti4O7 Anode
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-10-25), p. 13840-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-10-25), p. 13840-
    Abstract: With the rapid development of breeding industry, the efficient treatment of dramatically increasing swine wastewater is gradually becoming urgent. In particular, the development of application technologies suitable for the relatively small piggeries is critical due to the time cost and space requirements of conventional biological methods. In this study, Electrochemical oxidation (EO) was selected to systematically explore the treatment performance of three different swine wastewaters by Ti4O7 anode. It was observed that the colors changed from dark brown to light yellow after 60 min treatment at 50 mA/cm2, and the removal rates of turbidity and suspended solids ranged from 89.36% to 93.65% and 81.31% to 92.55%, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) of all the three swine wastewaters were simultaneously removed to a very low concentration in 120 min, especially for sample III, 61 ± 9 mg/L of COD, 6.6 ± 0.4 mg/L of NH3-N and 5.7 ± 1.1 mg/L of TP, which met the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB 18596-2001). Moreover, 70.93%–85.37% mineralization rates were also achieved in 120 min, confirming that EO treatment by Ti4O7 could efficiently remove the organic matters in wastewater. Excitation–emission matrix (EEM) and UV-vis spectrum characterization results further proved that aromatic compounds and macromolecules in wastewater were rapidly removed, which played important roles in the mineralization processes. The findings here provided an efficient and environment-friendly technology for swine wastewater treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113840
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Review on the Hydrothermal Treatment of Food Waste: Processing and Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 2439-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 2439-
    Abstract: The amount of food waste is increasing with the development of society and the increase in population; the rough treatment of food waste could result in a serious environmental crisis and waste of resources. Hydrothermal treatment is a promising scheme to achieve the harmless treatment and utilization of food waste. Although there are many studies on the hydrothermal treatment of food waste, there is still a lack of systematic summary and comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the specific impact mechanisms of hydrothermal conditions on the gaseous, solid, and liquid products. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal conversion mechanisms of food waste components are systematically sorted out. The review also discusses the potential application areas for the derived products from the hydrothermal treatment of food waste. Finally, the main challenges and future research directions are proposed to improve the development of the hydrothermal treatment of food waste.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10112439
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discovery of Hyrtinadine A and Its Derivatives as Novel Antiviral and Anti-Phytopathogenic-Fungus Agents
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 23 ( 2022-12-02), p. 8439-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 23 ( 2022-12-02), p. 8439-
    Abstract: Plant diseases caused by viruses and fungi have a serious impact on the quality and yield of crops, endangering food security. The use of new, green, and efficient pesticides is an important strategy to increase crop output and deal with the food crisis. Ideally, the best pesticide innovation strategy is to find and use active compounds from natural products. Here, we took the marine natural product hyrtinadine A as the lead compound, and designed, synthesized, and systematically investigated a series of its derivatives for their antiviral and antifungal activities. Compound 8a was found to have excellent antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (inactivation inhibitory effect of 55%/500 μg/mL and 19%/100 μg/mL, curative inhibitory effect of 52%/500 μg/mL and 22%/100 μg/mL, and protection inhibitory effect of 57%/500 μg/mL and 26%/100 μg/mL) and emerged as a novel antiviral candidate. These compound derivatives displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi at 50 μg/mL and the antifungal activities of compounds 5c, 5g, 6a, and 6e against Rhizoctonia cerealis are higher than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothalonil. Therefore, this study could lay a foundation for the application of hyrtinadine A derivatives in plant protection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238439
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Comparative Study of a Typical Glacial Lake in the Himalayas before and after Engineering Management
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 214-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 214-
    Abstract: One of the main glacier-related natural hazards that are common to alpine locations is the occurrence of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which can seriously harm downstream towns and infrastructure. GLOFs have increased in frequency in the central Himalayas in recent years as a result of global warming, and careful management of glacial lakes is a crucial step in catastrophe prevention. In this study, field surveys were conducted on 28 August 2020 and 1 August 2021 with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a boat bathymetric system on an unmanned surface vessel (USV), combined with 22 years of Landsat series imagery and Sentinel-2 MSI imagery data. Spatial analysis was then used to investigate changes in lake surface conditions, dam stability, and surrounding topography before and after an integrated project of the Jialong Co lake. The results show that: (1) from 2000 to 2020 (before engineering management), the area of the Jialong Co glacial lake increased from 0.2148 ± 0.0176 km2 to 0.5921 ± 0.0003 km2. The glacial lake expansion rate from 2000 to 2010 (0.0145 km2/a) was greater than the rate from 2011 to 2020 (6.92 × 10−6 km2/a). In 2021 (after engineering treatment), the glacial lake perimeter, area, and volume decreased by 0.6014 km, 0.1136 km2, and 1.90 × 107 m3, respectively. The amount of excavation during the project treatment was 8.13 million square meters, and the amount of filling was 1.24 million square meters. According to the results of the unmanned surface vessel (USV), the elevation of the lake surface dropped from 4331 m to 4281 m, and the water level dropped by 50 m (the designed safe water level line dropped by 30 m). (2) The results of the UAV topographic survey and geomorphological analysis showed that the engineered reinforcement of the outlet channel and surrounding dam effectively mitigated severe scouring of the foot of the final moraine at the outlet of the spillway, as well as the likelihood of glacial lake outbursts caused by ice avalanches and landslides. (3) The comprehensive engineering treatment of this typical glacial lake effectively lowered the water level and improved the stability of the moraine ridge and lake dam, providing a scientific foundation for other glacial lake outburst risk assessments and disaster mitigation and management measures. Thus, it is critical to evaluate the impact of comprehensive engineering management of key glacial lakes to support glacial lake management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15010214
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multimorbidity among Two Million Adults in China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2020-05-13), p. 3395-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2020-05-13), p. 3395-
    Abstract: To explore the multimorbidity prevalence and patterns among middle-aged and older adults from China. Data on thirteen chronic diseases were collected from 2,097,150 participants aged over 45 years between January 1st 2011 and December 31st 2015 from Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees. Association rule mining and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to assess multimorbidity patterns. Multimorbidity prevalence was 51.6% and 81.3% in the middle-aged and older groups, respectively. The most prevalent disease pair was that of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (OARA) with hypertension (HT) (middle-aged: 22.5%; older: 41.8%). Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), HT, and OARA constituted the most common triad combination (middle-aged: 11.0%; older: 31.2%). Among the middle-aged group, the strongest associations were found in a combination of cerebrovascular disease (CBD), OARA, and HT with IHD in males (lift = 3.49), and CBD, OARA, and COPD with IHD in females (lift = 3.24). Among older patients, glaucoma and cataracts in females (lift = 2.95), and IHD, OARA, and glaucoma combined with cataracts in males (lift = 2.45) were observed. Visual impairment clusters, a mixed cluster of OARA, IHD, COPD, and cardiometabolic clusters were detected. Multimorbidity is prevalent among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals. The observations of multimorbidity patterns have implications for improving preventive care and developing appropriate guidelines for morbidity treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103395
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in the Phytochemical and Bioactive Compounds and the Antioxidant Properties of Wolfberry during Vinegar Fermentation Processes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-13), p. 15839-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-13), p. 15839-
    Abstract: Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.), as a kind of functional fruit, has various nutritional and bioactive components, which exhibit healthy benefits. However, wolfberry is not easy to preserve, and the intensive processing of wolfberry needs to be developed. In the present study, the changes in the phytochemical and bioactive compounds, as well as the antioxidant properties of wolfberry, were evaluated in the brewed processes. We found that the sugar contents were significantly decreased, and the total acids values were significantly increased during the fermentation processes. The sugar and fat contents were low in the wolfberry fruit vinegar after fermentation, which is of benefit to human health. In addition, amino acids were examined during the fermentation processes, and histidine, proline, and alanine were found to be the main amino acids in vinegar. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents were significantly increased by 29.4% and 65.7% after fermentation. 4-Hydroxy benzoic acid, 3-hydroxy cinnamic acid, and chlorogenic acid were the primary polyphenols in the wolfberry fruit vinegar. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of wolfberry fruit vinegar was significantly increased compared with that of wolfberry fruit after the fermentation processes. Polysaccharides and polyphenolics were strongly correlated with the antioxidant activity during the fermentation processes. The findings suggest that wolfberry fruit vinegar has a high antioxidant capability, and could be a beneficial food in the human diet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415839
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Will Policy Uncertainty Deteriorate Haze Pollution? A Spatial Spillover Perspective
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 19 ( 2021-09-28), p. 10229-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 19 ( 2021-09-28), p. 10229-
    Abstract: Haze has been a severe problem in China for some time, jeopardizing air quality, public health and sustainable growth. This paper examines the direct effect and spatial spillover effect of policy uncertainty on haze pollution with a spatial panel model, using prefecture-level data from 2004 to 2016. This study shows that: (1) policy uncertainty has increased the level of local haze pollution and has a significant spatial spillover effect on surrounding areas; (2) although local policy uncertainty has increased the haze pollution in geographically adjacent cities, it only affects the cities within the province with similar economic distances; and (3) the policy at the central level can effectively alleviate the impact of policy uncertainty at the local level on haze pollution, especially in relation to the spatial spillover effect, but still has limitations in eliminating the direct effect, which is due to the ineradicable nature of policy uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910229
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-10-29), p. 11409-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-10-29), p. 11409-
    Abstract: Oral ingestion is the predominant pathway of metal(loid)s exposure. In this study, the health risks of typical metal(loid)s (including Mn, As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) via multi-source, oral pathways for children aged 3–12 years, living in an area of China dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, were studied based on the field sampling of duplicated diet, soil, and drinking water. Child-specific ingestion parameters were measured (except the soil ingestion rates, which were from a previous study of the same population), and a Monte Carlo method was applied to determine the uncertainty of the risk assessment. It was observed that children living in such environments were at risk of metal(loid)s exposure, with the accumulative carcinogenic risk exceeding the maximum acceptable level. Food intake was identified to be the primary exposure pathway. Moreover, Pb and Cr were the major risk elements to local children’s health. Compared with primary school students, kindergarten children experienced a higher risk. This study highlights that high attention should be paid to children living in suburban areas dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, and that priority should be given to studies on metal(loid)s exposure deriving from different types of food and their corresponding bioavailability, in order to further discern the precise risk sources to protect children’s health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111409
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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