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  • MDPI AG  (110)
  • 2020-2024  (110)
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  • MDPI AG  (110)
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  • 2020-2024  (110)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increasing Frequency of G275E Mutation in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α6 Subunit Conferring Spinetoram Resistance in Invading Populations of Western Flower Thrips in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Insects Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-03-28), p. 331-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-03-28), p. 331-
    Abstract: The western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important invasive pest worldwide. Field-evolved resistance to the pesticide spinetoram is an increasing problem in the chemical control of this pest. Here, we examined changes in the frequency of a genetic mutation associated with spinetoram resistance, the G275E mutation in the acetylcholine receptor Foα6, in 62 field populations collected from 2009 to 2021 across areas of China invaded by this pest. We found a low frequency of the G275E mutation in populations collected at the early invasion stage, in contrast to a high frequency in native USA populations. However, the frequency of the G275E mutation has increased to a high level in recently collected populations, with the mutation becoming fixed in some populations. There was a correlation between the frequency of the G275E mutation and resistance to spinetoram as characterized by median lethal concentration, although two populations were outliers. These results showed that G275E mutation is one of the mechanisms conferring spinetoram resistance in many invading populations in China. Ongoing dispersal of the WFT may have facilitated a rapid increase in the G275E mutation across China. Our study highlights the rapid evolution of pesticide resistance in an invasive species and points to a useful marker for molecular diagnostics of spinetoram resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects13040331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Exosomes Identifies Key Pathways and Protein Markers Related to Breast Cancer Metastasis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-02-17), p. 4033-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-02-17), p. 4033-
    Abstract: Proteomics analysis of circulating exosomes derived from cancer cells represents a promising approach to the elucidation of cell–cell communication and the discovery of putative biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nonetheless, the proteome of exosomes derived from cell lines with different metastatic capabilities still warrants further investigation. Here, we present a comprehensive quantitative proteomics investigation of exosomes isolated from immortalized mammary epithelial cells and matched tumor lines with different metastatic potentials in an attempt to discover exosome markers specific to breast cancer (BC) metastasis. A total of 2135 unique proteins were quantified with a high confidence level from 20 isolated exosome samples, including 94 of the TOP 100 exosome markers archived by ExoCarta. Moreover, 348 altered proteins were observed, among which several metastasis-specific markers, including cathepsin W (CATW), magnesium transporter MRS2 (MRS2), syntenin-2 (SDCB2), reticulon-4 (RTN), and UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog (RAD23B), were also identified. Notably, the abundance of these metastasis-specific markers corresponds well with the overall survival of BC patients in clinical settings. Together, these data provide a valuable dataset for BC exosome proteomics investigation and prominently facilitate the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying primary tumor development and progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044033
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance Characterization of a Fully Transportable Mid-Infrared Laser Heterodyne Radiometer (LHR)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2023-01-14), p. 978-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2023-01-14), p. 978-
    Abstract: A fully transportable laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR), involving a flexible polycrystalline mid-infrared (PIR) fiber-coupling system and operating around 8 µm, was characterized and optimized with the help of a calibrated high temperature blackbody source to simulate solar radiation. Compared to a mid-IR free-space sunlight coupling system, usually used in a current LHR, such a fiber-coupling system configuration makes the mid-infrared (MIR) LHR fully transportable. The noise sources, heterodyne signal, and SNR of the MIR LHR were analyzed, and the optimum operating local oscillator (LO) photocurrent was experimentally obtained. The spectroscopic performance of the MIR LHR was finally evaluated. This work demonstrated that the developed fully transportable MIR LHR could be used for ground-based atmospheric sounding measurements of multiple trace gases in the atmospheric column. In addition, it also has high potential for applications on spacecraft or on an airborne platform.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23020978
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CDK5RAP3, a Novel Nucleoplasmic Shuttle, Deeply Regulates HSF1-Mediated Heat Stress Response and Protects Mammary Epithelial Cells from Heat Injury
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 21 ( 2020-11-09), p. 8400-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 21 ( 2020-11-09), p. 8400-
    Abstract: CDK5RAP3 was regarded as the most significant regulator of cellular responses against heat stress, which is associated with dysfunctions of the immune system and animal susceptibility to disease. Despite this, little known about how CDK5RAP3 regulates heat stress response. In this study, CDK5RAP3 conditional Knockout (CKO) mice, CDK5RAP3-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were used as an in vitro and in vivo model, respectively to reveal the role of CDK5RAP3 in regulating the heat stress response. The deletion of CDK5RAP3 unexpectedly caused animal lethality after 1.5-h heat stimulations. Furthermore, BMECs were re-cultured for eight hours after heat stress and was found that the expression of CDK5RAP3 and HSPs showed a similar fluctuating pattern of increase (0–2, 4–6 h) and decrease (2–4, 6–8 h). In addition to the remarkably enhanced expression of heat shock protein, apoptosis rate and endoplasmic reticulum stress, the deletion of CDK5RAP3 also affected nucleoplasmic translocation and trimer formation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). These programs were further confirmed in the mammary gland of CDK5RAP3 CKO mice and CDK5RAP3-/- MEFs as well. Interestingly, genetic silencing of HSF1 downregulated CDK5RAP3 expression in BMECs. Immunostaining and immunoprecipitation studies suggested a physical interaction between CDK5RAP3 and HSF1 being co-localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Besides, CDK5RAP3 also interacted with HSP90, suggesting an operative machinery at both transcriptional level and protein functionality of HSP90 per se. Together, our findings suggested that CDK5RAP3 works like a novel nucleoplasmic shuttle or molecular chaperone, deeply participating in HSF1-mediated heat stress response and protecting cells from heat injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218400
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Real-Time Measurement of Atmospheric CO2, CH4 and N2O above Rice Fields Based on Laser Heterodyne Radiometers (LHR)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-27), p. 373-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-27), p. 373-
    Abstract: High-precision observations provide an efficient way to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural fields and their spatial and temporal distributions. Two high-resolution laser heterodyne radiometers (LHRs) were deployed in the suburb of Hefei (31.9°N 117.16°E) for the remote sensing of atmospheric CO2, CH4 and N2O above rice paddy fields. The atmospheric transmittance spectra of CO2, CH4 and N2O were measured simultaneously in real time, and the atmospheric total column abundance was retrieved from the measured data based on the optimal estimation algorithm, with errors of 0.7 ppm, 4 ppb and 2 ppb, respectively. From July to October, the abundance of CO2 in the atmospheric column that was influenced by emissions from rice fields increased by 0.7 ppm CH4 by 30 ppb, and by 4 ppb N2O. During the rice growth season, rice paddy fields play a role in carbon sequestration. CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields are negatively correlated. The method of baking rice paddy fields reduces CH4 emissions from rice fields, but N2O emissions from rice fields are usually subsequently increased. The measurement results showed that LHRs are highly accurate in monitoring atmospheric concentrations and have promising applications in monitoring emissions from rice paddy fields. In the observation period, rice paddy fields can sequester carbon, and CH4 and N2O emissions from rice fields are negatively correlated. The LHRs have strong application prospects for monitoring emissions from agricultural fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13020373
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of Lateral Transshipment in Cost Reduction of Decentralized Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-06-22), p. 5081-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-06-22), p. 5081-
    Abstract: COVID-19 has exposed the global supply chains to great vulnerability. In such extreme circumstances, product availability becomes a primary concern. This paper studies a basic inventory management strategy—lateral transshipment—under decentralized systems, which may play an important role in dealing with stockouts during unexpected crises. Lateral transshipments not only react quickly to stockout, but are also environmentally friendly due to the significant reduction of production and transportation pollution. This paper studies optimal lateral transshipment and replenishment decisions under a decentralized setting. We construct a multi-stage stochastic model that captures demand uncertainty and customer switching behavior. We demonstrate that, similar to the centralized setting, the optimal transshipment decision follows a double-threshold structure. The optimal replenishment quantities are determined under two pricing mechanisms—individual mechanism (IP) and negotiated mechanism (NP). Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the impact of lateral transshipment on supply chain cost reduction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12125081
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toughening and Heat-Resistant Modification of Degradable PLA/PBS-Based Composites by Using Glass Fiber/Silicon Dioxide Hybrid Fillers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-09), p. 3237-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-09), p. 3237-
    Abstract: In this paper, to enhance the toughness and heat resistance properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS) composites, the PLA/PBS matrix was modified by different glass fiber (GF), GF/SiO2, and GF/(Polyaluminium chloride) PAC fillers. Additionally, the effect of filler type, filler content, components interaction and composite structure on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA/PBS composites was researched. The results showed that the addition of GF, GF/SiO2 and GF/PAC make the PLA/PBS composites appear significantly higher mechanical properties compared with the pristine PLA/PBS composite. Among the different inorganic fillers, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 fillers showed excellent strengthening, toughening and heat resistant effects. Compared with the pristine PLA/PBS matrix, the tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength improved by 36.28%, 70.74%, 67.95%, 66.61% and 135.68%, respectively. Considering the above, when the weight loss rate was 50%, the thermal decomposition temperature of the 10%GF/1%SiO2 modified PLA/PBS composites was the highest 412.83 °C and its Vicat softening point was up to 116.8 °C. In a word, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 reinforced PLA/PBS composites exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties, which broadens the application of biodegradable materials in specific scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14163237
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficient Biosynthesis of (S)-1-chloro-2-heptanol Catalyzed by a Newly Isolated Fungi Curvularia hominis B-36
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 52-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 52-
    Abstract: (S)-1-chloro-2-heptanol is an enantiopure chemical of great value that can synthesize Treprostinil for treating primary pulmonary hypertension. In this work, a new strain B-36, capable of asymmetric reduction of 1-chloro-2-heptanone to (S)-1-chloro-2-heptanol, was screened and identified as Curvularia hominis B-36 (CCTCC M 2017654) based on the morphological and internally transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. The reductive capacity of Curvularia hominis B-36 was investigated as a whole-cell biocatalyst in the bioreduction, and the excellent yield (97.2%) and enantiomeric excess (ee) value (99.9%) were achieved under the optimal conditions as follows: 75 mM 1-chloro-2-heptanone, K2HPO4-KH2PO4 (100 mM, pH 6.0), 50 g L−1 resting cells (dry cell weight; DCW), 15% (v/v) isopropanol as co-substrate, 200 rpm, 30 °C, 20 h. The scaled-up biocatalytic process was accomplished at a bioreactor in a 1.5 L working volume, showing superb yield (~97%) and selectivity (99.9%). The product (S)-1-chloro-2-heptanol was purified and characterized by NMR. Curvularia hominis B-36 is a novel catalyst and the asymmetric synthesis route is benign and eco-friendly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13010052
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unfolding Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Taxi Trip based on an Improved Network Kernel Density Estimation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-15), p. 683-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-15), p. 683-
    Abstract: Taxi mobility data plays an important role in understanding urban mobility in the context of urban traffic. Specifically, the taxi is an important part of urban transportation, and taxi trips reflect human behaviors and mobility patterns, allowing us to identify the spatial variety of such patterns. Although taxi trips are generated in the form of network flows, previous works have rarely considered network flow patterns in the analysis of taxi mobility data; Instead, most works focused on point patterns or trip patterns, which may provide an incomplete snapshot. In this work, we propose a novel approach to explore the spatial-temporal patterns of taxi travel by considering point, trip and network flow patterns in a simultaneous fashion. Within this approach, an improved network kernel density estimation (imNKDE) method is first developed to estimate the density of taxi trip pick-up and drop-off points (ODs). Next, the correlation between taxi service activities (i.e., ODs) and land-use is examined. Then, the trip patterns of taxi trips and its corresponding routes are analyzed to reveal the correlation between trips and road structure. Finally, network flow analysis for taxi trip among areas of varying land-use types at different times are performed to discover spatial and temporal taxi trip ODs from a new perspective. A case study in the city of Shenzhen, China, is thoroughly presented and discussed for illustrative purposes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9110683
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 10
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    A Label-Free Electrochemical Impedance Genosensor Coupled with Recombinase Polymerase Amplification for Genetically Modified Maize Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-23), p. 454-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-23), p. 454-
    Abstract: As the cultivation scale of genetically modified (GM) crops strongly increases, a convenient DNA assay is highly demanded in resource-limited areas. A label-free electrochemical impedance (EI) genosensor using gold carbon dots (GCDs) was developed with easy-to-use portable device. GCDs were used to modify screen-printed carbon electrode and immobilize capture probes by conducting a simple protocol. After the amplification products anchored on the sensor surface via hybridization reactions, the EI signal increased due to the formation of biocomplex hampering the interfacial electron transfer. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed genosensor coupled with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) could detect maize Ruifeng12-5 in a linear range of 0.10–5.0% with a detection limit of 0.10%. In addition, combined with a one-step extraction and RPA amplification, the proposed sensor device can be applied in resource-limited laboratories without expensive instruments or professionals. Therefore, the developed method provides an easy-to-use and sensitive platform for GM organism detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12040454
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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