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  • MDPI AG  (120)
  • 2020-2024  (120)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Phloroglucinol Inhibits Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in C2C12 Murine Myoblasts through Nrf-2-Mediated Activation of HO-1
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 4637-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 4637-
    Abstract: Phloroglucinol is a class of polyphenolic compounds containing aromatic phenyl rings and is known to have various pharmacological activities. Recently, we reported that this compound isolated from Ecklonia cava, a brown alga belonging to the family Laminariaceae, has potent antioxidant activity in human dermal keratinocytes. In this study, we evaluated whether phloroglucinol could protect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in murine-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Our results revealed that phloroglucinol suppressed H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage while blocking the production of reactive oxygen species. We also found that phloroglucinol protected cells from the induction of apoptosis associated with mitochondrial impairment caused by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, phloroglucinol enhanced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, such anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects of phloroglucinol were greatly abolished by the HO-1 inhibitor, suggesting that phloroglucinol could increase the Nrf2-mediated activity of HO-1 to protect C2C12 myoblasts from oxidative stress. Taken together, our results indicate that phloroglucinol has a strong antioxidant activity as an Nrf2 activator and may have therapeutic benefits for oxidative-stress-mediated muscle disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054637
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Clinical Significance of Low-Flow Time in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Results from the RESCUE Registry
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-07), p. 3588-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-07), p. 3588-
    Abstract: Limited data are available on the association between low-flow time and survival in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) who undergo extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). We evaluated data from 183 IHCA patients who underwent ECPR as a rescue procedure. Patients were divided into two groups: patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an adjunct to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation for less than 38 min (n = 110) or for longer than 38 min (n = 73). The ECPR ≤ 38 min group had a significantly greater incidence of survival to discharge compared to the ECPR 〉 38 min group (40.0% versus 24.7%, p = 0.032). The incidence of good neurologic outcomes at discharge tended to be greater in the ECPR ≤ 38 min group than in the ECPR 〉 38 min group (35.5% versus 24.7%, p = 0.102). The incidences of limb ischemia (p = 0.354) and stroke (p = 0.805) were similar between the two groups, but major bleeding occurred less frequently in the ECPR ≤ 38 min group compared to the ECPR 〉 38 min group (p = 0.002). Low-flow time ≤ 38 min may reduce the risk of mortality and fatal neurologic damage and could be a measure of optimal management in patients with IHCA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    A Standardized Lindera obtusiloba Extract Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Attenuates Plaque Development in Hyperlipidemic ApoE-Knockout Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-18), p. 2493-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-18), p. 2493-
    Abstract: Lindera obtusiloba extract (LOE), a traditional herbal medicine used to enhance blood circulation and to reduce inflammation, induced NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation, and reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study investigated whether LOE improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces plaque inflammation and progression by inhibiting ROS generation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice fed with a western diet (WD) were randomized into different groups by administering vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)), LOE (100 mg/kg/day), or losartan (30 mg/kg/day) by gavage until the age of 28 weeks. Fourteen male C57BL/6 mice that were fed normal chow and treated with CMC were used as negative controls. Similar to losartan treatment, LOE treatment induced the concentration-dependent relaxation of aorta rings in WD-fed apoE−/− mice. LOE treatment significantly reduced the vascular ROS formation and expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, including p22phox and p47phox. Compared with WD-fed apoE−/− mice, mice exposed to chronic LOE treatment exhibited reductions in plaque inflammation-related fluorescence signals and atherosclerotic lesions. These effects were greater than those of losartan treatment. In conclusion, LOE treatment improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces plaque inflammation as well as lesion areas by reducing vascular NADPH oxidase-induced ROS generation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10112493
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    A Novel Interconnection Network with Improved Network Cost Through Shuffle-Exchange Permutation Graph
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Electronics Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2021-04-15), p. 943-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2021-04-15), p. 943-
    Abstract: The interconnection network represents an interconnected structure of processors that strongly determines the performance quality of a parallel processing system. The shuffle-exchange permutation (SEP) network with three degrees has high fault tolerance and can be efficiently simulated through star, bubble-sort, and pancake graphs. This study proposes a new interconnection network: the new SEP (NSEP), which improves the diameter and reduces network cost by adding one edge to the SEP network, and presents its graph properties and routing algorithms. The NSEP network, with a degree of connectivity of four, demonstrated maximum fault tolerance and Hamiltonian cycle. Furthermore, the diameter was seen to be improved by 40% or more and the network cost by 20% or more.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics10080943
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 5
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    Plasma APE1/Ref-1 Correlates with Atherosclerotic Inflammation in ApoE−/− Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-09-21), p. 366-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-09-21), p. 366-
    Abstract: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is involved in DNA base repair and reducing activity. However, the role of APE1/Ref-1 in atherosclerosis is unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of APE1/Ref-1 in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) mice fed with a Western-type diet. We found that serologic APE1/Ref-1 was strongly correlated with vascular inflammation in these mice. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), endothelial cell/macrophage activation, and atherosclerotic plaque formation, reflected by atherosclerotic inflammation, were increased in the ApoE−/− mice fed with a Western-type diet. APE1/Ref-1 expression was upregulated in aortic tissues of these mice, and was co-localized with cells positive for cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and galectin-3, suggesting endothelial cell/macrophage expression of APE1/Ref-1. Interestingly, APE1/Ref-1 plasma levels of ApoE−/− mice fed with a Western-type diet were significantly increased compared with those of the mice fed with normal diet (15.76 ± 3.19 ng/mL vs. 3.51 ± 0.50 ng/mL, p 〈 0.05), and were suppressed by atorvastatin administration. Correlation analysis showed high correlation between plasma APE1/Ref-1 levels and NLR, a marker of systemic inflammation. The cut-off value for APE1/Ref-1 for predicting atherosclerotic inflammation at 4.903 ng/mL showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 91%. We conclude that APE1/Ref-1 expression is upregulated in aortic endothelial cells/macrophages of atherosclerotic mice, and that plasma APE1/Ref-1 levels could predict atherosclerotic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090366
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 6
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    Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Silk Fibroin Scaffolds to Attenuate Polymicrobial Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Puncture
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 1433-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 1433-
    Abstract: Suitable scaffolds with appropriate mechanical and biological properties can improve mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy. Because silk fibroins (SFs) are biocompatible materials, they were electrospun and applied as scaffolds for MSC therapy. Consequently, interferon (IFN)-primed human bone marrow MSCs on SF nanofibers were administered into a polymicrobial sepsis murine model. The IL-6 level gradually decreased from 40 ng/mL at 6 h after sepsis to 35 ng/mL at 24 h after sepsis. The IL-6 level was significantly low as 5 ng/mL in primed MSCs on SF nanofibers, and 15 ng/mL in primed MSCs on the control surface. In contrast to the acute response, inflammation-related factors, including HO-1 and COX-2 in chronic liver tissue, were effectively inhibited by MSCs on both SF nanofibers and the control surface at the 5-day mark after sepsis. An in vitro study indicated that the anti-inflammatory function of MSCs on SF nanofibers was mediated through enhanced COX-2-PGE2 production, as indomethacin completely abrogated PGE2 production and decreased the survival rate of septic mice. Thus, SF nanofiber scaffolds potentiated the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs, and were beneficial as a culture platform for the cell therapy of inflammatory disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13091433
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
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    Differences in Clinical and Dietary Characteristics, Serum Adipokine Levels, and Metabolomic Profiles between Early- and Late-Onset Gout
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-18), p. 399-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-18), p. 399-
    Abstract: This study aimed to identify differences in clinical and dietary characteristics, serum adipokine levels, and metabolomic profiles between early- and late-onset gout. Eighty-three men with gout were divided into an early-onset group (n = 38, aged 〈 40 years) and a late-onset group (n = 45, aged ≥ 40 years). Dietary and clinical information was obtained at baseline. Serum adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were quantified by a Luminex multiplex immunoassay. Metabolite expression levels in plasma were measured in 22 representative samples using metabolomics analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Average body mass index, rate of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in the early-onset group (p 〈 0.05), as was the PAI-I concentration (105.01 ± 42.45 ng/mL vs. 83.76 ± 31.16 ng/mL, p = 0.013). Changes in levels of metabolites mostly involved those related to lipid metabolism. In the early-onset group, acylcarnitine analog and propylparaben levels were downregulated and negatively correlated with the PAI-1 concentration whereas LPC (22:6) and LPC (18:0) levels were upregulated and positively correlated with the PAI-1 concentration. Dietary and clinical features, serum adipokine concentrations, and metabolites differed according to whether the gout is early-onset or late-onset. The mechanisms of gout may differ between these groups and require different treatment approaches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060399
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 8
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    Comparative Analysis of the Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Activities of Different Brassica juncea Cultivars
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Foods Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-26), p. 840-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-26), p. 840-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional components and antioxidant activities of two different cultivars of Brassica juncea (Dolsan, Yeosu, Korea (BJD) and (Jeongseon, Gangwon, Korea (BJJ)). We investigated the proximate composition (moisture, crude ash, crude protein and crude lipid), antioxidant activities (2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)), total phenol content, total flavonoid content and sinigrin content by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Our results show that the proximate compositions of BJD and BJJ were not significantly different. However, both the DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activities of the BJJ extracts were higher than those of the BJD extracts. The total phenol contents of the BJD and BJJ extracts were 6.56 and 9.80 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. The total flavonoids content of the BJD and BJJ extracts were 20.92 and 34.81 mg rutin equivalent/g, respectively, whereas the sinigrin contents, one of the major compounds in BJD and BJJ extracts, were 16.16 mg/g and 11.73 mg/g, respectively. In this study, we confirmed that, by comparing BJJ and BJD, the sinigrin content of BJD was higher than that of BJJ, but the antioxidant activity and phenol content of BJD were superior to that of BJJ.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods9060840
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 9
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    Ozonated Sunflower Oil Exerted Protective Effect for Embryo and Cell Survival via Potent Reduction Power and Antioxidant Activity in HDL with Strong Antimicrobial Activity
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-21), p. 1651-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-21), p. 1651-
    Abstract: Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) has potent antimicrobial effects, making it useful for topical applications to treat various skin diseases. On the other hand, regarding mechanistic insight, the antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effects of OSO are relatively less known. The current study compared the antioxidant ability and protective ability of OSO on cells and embryos against oxidative stress, such as H2O2 and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), to investigate its potential applications for wound-healing and anti-infection. OSO showed potent radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reduction ability that was up to 35% and 42% stronger than sunflower oil (SO) as a control in a dose-dependent manner. Measurement of the wavelength-maximum fluorescence (WMF) of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) revealed different behavior between OSO and SO treatment (final 1–16%). The OSO treatment caused a 12 nm red shift of Trp movement from 345 nm (at 0%) to 357 nm (at 16%), while SO caused a 12 nm blue shift of Trp movement from 345 nm (at 0%) to 333 nm (at 16%). The fluorescence intensity of HDL3 was diminished remarkably by the OSO treatment by up to 80% from the initial level, while SO-treated HDL did not. OSO-treated HDL3 showed slower electromobility with stronger band intensity and bigger HDL particle sizes than those of SO-treated HDL3. The paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity of HDL3 was enhanced by a co-treatment of OSO that was up to 2.3 times higher than HDL3 alone in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the co-treatment of SO even inhibited the PON activity. The cell viability of RAW264.7 by the OSO treatment was 3.3 times higher than the SO treatment at a high dose range (from 10% to 50%, final). The OSO also exhibited more cytoprotective effects than SO in brain microglial cells in the presence of H2O2 (final 0.03%); treatment with OSO impeded apoptosis and reduced ROS production more than an SO treatment did. In the presence of H2O2 alone, 86 ± 5% of the embryos were killed by cell explosion after 24 h, but a co-treatment of OSO (final 4%) resulted in almost no embryo death (98% survivability). Injection of oxLDL (15 ng of protein) into zebrafish embryos caused acute death, while the co-injection of OSO (final 2%) resulted in 2.8 times higher survivability than oxLDL alone. These results suggest new effects of ozonated oil, such as enhanced antioxidant activity, more cytoprotective ability, and higher embryo protection against oxidative stress. These results may be useful in developing new methods for the quality control of ozonated oil and an assessment of its efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111651
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Hot Compression Behavior of New Al-6Mg and Al-8Mg Alloy with Improved Hot Workability Fabricated by Direct Chill Casting Method
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metals Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-07), p. 288-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-07), p. 288-
    Abstract: A hot compression test of new Al-6Mg and Al-8Mg alloys was conducted to understand the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior by Mg contents. To investigate the hot workability of Al-Mg with high Mg contents, the hot deformation behavior of Al-6Mg and Al-8Mg alloys was analyzed by a hot compression test in the temperature range of 300–450 °C, and the strain rate range of 10−3–100/s. Subsequently, high-temperature deformation behavior was investigated through the processing map and microstructure observation. In this study, the results have shown that, as the Mg contents increase, the maximum and yield strength increase while rapid flow softening after the peak strain has been observed due to accelerated dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Finally, the increase of Mg contents affects an increase of heat dissipation efficiency to be an indicator of regular deformation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met11020288
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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