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  • MDPI AG  (6,695)
  • 2020-2024  (6,695)
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  • MDPI AG  (6,695)
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  • 2020-2024  (6,695)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High Luminous Efficacy Phosphor-Converted Mass-Produced White LEDs Achieved by AlN Prebuffer and Transitional-Refraction-Index Patterned Sapphire Substrate
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-11), p. 1638-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-11), p. 1638-
    Abstract: Constant advance in improving the luminous efficacy (ηL) of nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) plays a critical role for saving measurable amounts of energy. Further development is motivated to approach the efficiency limit for this material system while reducing the costs. In this work, strategies of using thin AlN prebuffer and transitional-refraction-index patterned sapphire substrate (TPSS) were proposed, which pushed up the efficiency of white LEDs (WLEDs). The AlN prebuffer was obtained through physical vapor deposition (PVD) method and TPSS was fabricated by dry-etched periodic silica arrays covered on sapphire. Devices in mass production confirmed that PVD AlN prebuffer was able to improve the light output power (φe) of blue LEDs (BLEDs) by 2.53% while increasing the productivity by ~8% through shortening the growth time. Additionally, BLEDs on TPSS exhibited an enhanced top ηext of 5.65% in contrast to BLEDs on the conventional PSS through Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulation. Consequently, φe of BLEDs was experimentally enhanced by 10% at an injected current density (Jin) of 40 A/cm2. A peak ηL of 295.2 lm/W at a Jin of 0.9 A/cm2 and the representative ηL of 282.4 lm/W at a Jin of 5.6 A/cm2 for phosphor-converted WLEDs were achieved at a correlated color temperature of 4592 K.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12101638
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quinolone Resistance Genes and Their Contribution to Resistance in Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O139
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-02-20), p. 416-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-02-20), p. 416-
    Abstract: Background. Quinolones are commonly used for reducing the duration of diarrhea, infection severity, and limiting further transmission of disease related to Vibrio cholerae, but V. cholerae susceptibility to quinolone decreases over time. In addition to mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs), the presence of qnr and other acquired genes also contributes to quinolone resistance. Results. We determined the prevalence of quinolone resistance related genes among V. cholerae O139 strains isolated in China. We determined that eight strains carried qnrVC, which encodes a pentapeptide repeat protein of the Qnr subfamily, the members of which protect topoisomerases from quinolone action. Four qnrVC alleles were detected: qnrVC1, qnrVC5, qnrVC12, and qnrVC9. However, the strains carrying qnrVC1, qnrVC5, and qnrVC12 were ciprofloxacin (CIP)-sensitive. Contrastingly, the strain carrying qnrVC9 demonstrated high CIP resistance. qnrVC9 was carried by a small plasmid, which was conjugative and contributed to the high CIP resistance to the receptor V. cholerae strain. The same plasmid was also detected in V. vulnificus. The qnrVC1, qnrVC5, and qnrVC12 were cloned into expression plasmids and conferred CIP resistance on the host V. cholerae O139 strain. Conclusions. Our results revealed the contribution of quinolone resistance mediated by the qnrVC9 carried on the small plasmid and its active horizontal transfer among Vibrio species. The results also suggested the different effects of qnrVC alleles in different V. cholerae strains, which is possibly due to differences in sequences of qnrVC alleles and even the genetic characteristics of the host strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020416
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Standards-Based UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS Systematically Identifies 36 Bioactive Compounds in Ampelopsis grossedentata (Vine Tea)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Separations Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-10-27), p. 329-
    Details
    In: Separations, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-10-27), p. 329-
    Abstract: Ampelopsis grossedentata (vine tea) has been used as a detoxifying beverage in China for centuries. To systematically identify its bioactive compounds, the study adopted standards-based ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) analysis. The analysis was conducted under a negative ion model and the data were collected using the Xcalibur 4.1 software package. Based on comparisons with authentic standards, 36 bioactive compounds were putatively identified by four parameters: retention time, molecular ion peak, MS/MS profile, and characteristic fragments. These bioactive compounds include two chromones (noreugenin and 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone), 15 flavonoids (S-eriodictyol, S-naringenin, luteolin, ampelopsin, taxifolin, myricetin, quercetin, viscidulin I, kaempferol, myricetin 3-O-galactoside, myricitrin, avicularin, quercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, and afzelin), four phenolic acids (gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and ellagic acid), five tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, and catechin gallate), three chalcones (phloridzin, phloretin, and naringenin chalcone), one stilbene (polydatin), two lipids (myristic acid and ethyl stearate), one sugar (D-gluconic acid), one amino acid (L-tryptophan), one triterpenoid (oleanolic acid) and one alkaloid (jervine). Notably, the jervine identification is the first report regarding the occurrence of alkaloid in the plant. Two chromones may be the parent skeleton to biosynthesize the flavonoid in A. grossedentata.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-8739
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/separations9110329
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2869930-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis of Candidate Odorant Receptors in Galeruca daurica
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Insects Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-06-21), p. 563-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-06-21), p. 563-
    Abstract: Galeruca daurica (Joannis) is an oligophagous pest in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, which feed mainly on Allium spp. Odorant receptors (ORs) play an important role in the olfactory system in insects, and function together with olfactory co-receptor (ORco). In this study, 21 OR genes were identified from the transcriptome database of G. daurica adults, and named GdauOR1-20 and GdauORco. The expression profiles were examined by RT-qPCR and RNA interference (RNAi) and electroantennogram (EAG) experiments were conducted to further identify the olfactory functions of GdauOR4, GdauOR11, GdauOR15, and GdauORco. It was found that 15 GdauORs (OR1, OR3-6, OR8, OR11-13, OR15, OR17-20, and ORco) were mainly expressed in antennae, and the expression levels of GdauORs in adults were affected by age. When GdauOR4, GdauOR15, and GdauORco were silenced by RNAi, the electrophysiological responses to host plant volatiles were significantly decreased in G. daurica. This study lays a necessary foundation for clarifying the mechanism on finding host plants in G. daurica.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects13070563
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2022-05-14), p. 5490-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2022-05-14), p. 5490-
    Abstract: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as a polypeptide hormone to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and its expression is regulated by cellular metabolic stress. Pyruvate is an important intermediate metabolite that acts as a key hub for cellular fuel metabolism. However, the effect of pyruvate on hepatic FGF21 expression and secretion remains unknown. Herein, we examined the gene expression and protein levels of FGF21 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and mouse AML12 hepatocytes in vitro, as well as in mice in vivo. In HepG2 and AML12 cells, pyruvate at concentrations above 0.1 mM significantly increased FGF21 expression and secretion. The increase in cellular cAMP levels by adenylyl cyclase activation, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition and 8-Bromo-cAMP administration significantly restrained pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression. Pyruvate significantly increased PDE activities, reduced cAMP levels and decreased CREB phosphorylation. The inhibition of exchange protein directed activated by cAMP (Epac) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) upregulated FGF21 expression, upon which pyruvate no longer increased FGF21 expression. The increase in plasma pyruvate levels in mice induced by the intraperitoneal injection of pyruvate significantly increased FGF21 gene expression and PDE activity with a reduction in cAMP levels and CREB phosphorylation in the mouse liver compared with the control. In conclusion, pyruvate activates PDEs to reduce cAMP and then inhibits the cAMP–Epac–CREB signaling pathway to upregulate FGF21 expression in hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105490
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Urban Land Use Structure in Small Towns in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-08-06), p. 1262-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-08-06), p. 1262-
    Abstract: This study analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban land use structure of more than 18,000 small towns in China by using the National Urban Land Use Survey Data between 2009 and 2013. It finds that the urban land area of small towns expanded rapidly during the research period. The spatial pattern of urban land use structure in small towns exhibits significant regional differences. Small towns in developed coastal regions, particularly those located in global urban areas, have a higher urban land use scale relative to small towns in central and western regions. However, the urban land use scale of small towns located in less developed inland areas has grown faster. The spatial distribution of urban stock land in small towns is mainly influenced by demographic and socio-economic factors. However, the spatial distribution of new urban land is primarily influenced by the land supply policy, which is tilted toward the central and western regions. In terms of structure, the proportion of production and living land in small towns is high, while the proportion of public services and facilities land is low. This trend is being strengthened, with commercial service land and industrial, mining, and storage land becoming the major drivers for the rapid rise of urban land in small towns. The allocation of construction land quotas should be consistent with the direction of population movement and the demands of socioeconomic development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11081262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gastric Enteric Glial Cells: A New Contributor to the Synucleinopathies in the MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Mouse
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 21 ( 2022-11-01), p. 7414-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 21 ( 2022-11-01), p. 7414-
    Abstract: Accumulating evidence has shown that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a systemic disease other than a mere central nervous system (CNS) disorder. One of the most important peripheral symptoms is gastrointestinal dysfunction. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is regarded as an essential gateway to the environment. The discovery of the prion-like behavior of α-synuclein makes it possible for the neurodegenerative process to start in the ENS and spread via the gut-brain axis to the CNS. We first confirmed that synucleinopathies existed in the stomachs of chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced PD mice, as indicated by the significant increase in abnormal aggregated and nitrated α-synuclein in the TH-positive neurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs) of the gastric myenteric plexus. Next, we attempted to clarify the mechanisms in single MPTP-injected mice. The stomach naturally possesses high monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity and low superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, making the stomach susceptible to MPTP-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by the significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the stomach and elevated 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in the EGCs after MPTP exposure for 3 h. Additionally, stomach synucleinopathies appear before those of the nigrostriatal system, as determined by Western blotting 12 h after MPTP injection. Notably, nitrated α-synuclein was considerably increased in the EGCs after 3 h and 12 h of MPTP exposure. Taken together, our work demonstrated that the EGCs could be new contributors to synucleinopathies in the stomach. The early-initiated synucleinopathies might further influence neighboring neurons in the myenteric plexus and the CNS. Our results offer a new experimental clue for interpreting the etiology of PD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217414
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Coaching-Based Teleoccupational Guidance for Home-Based Stroke Survivors and Their Family Caregivers: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2022-12-06), p. 16355-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2022-12-06), p. 16355-
    Abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a 3-month coaching-based teleoccupational guidance (CTG) programme for home-based stroke survivors and their family caregivers. An assessor-blind pilot randomised controlled study was conducted. Twenty-five participant dyads (each dyad consisted of one home-based stroke patient and their caregivers) were randomised to a control group (RTG, n = 12) or an experimental group (CTG, n = 13). Participant dyads in the RTG group received routine teleoccupational guidance. Participant dyads in the CTG group received a six-step procedure: coaching-based teleoccupational guidance over 3 months via WeChat. Participant dyad compliance, the difficulty and suitability of outcome measures, and adverse effects were used to assess feasibility. The Reintegration to Normal Living Index, the Lawton Instructive Activities of Daily Life (Lawton IADL) scale, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, the Fugl–Meyer Assessment—Upper Extremity scale, the 6 min walking test, and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale were used to assess effectiveness outcomes of home-based stroke survivors; the Caregiver Benefit Finding Scale and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview were used to assess the effectiveness outcomes of family caregivers. Feasibility measures were assessed at the end of the pilot trial, and effectiveness measures were evaluated pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 3 months). The CTG programme significantly improved home-based stroke survivors’ participation in daily life, IADL score, and intrinsic motivation, and increased caregivers’ perceived benefit, and tended (not significantly) to reduce care burden. CTG has the potential to promote better integration of home-based stroke patients into their families and society, improve their quality of life and family well-being, and provide a reference for home rehabilitation of other clinical chronic diseases. CTG is a safe, effective, and promising intervention for home-based stroke populations and their caregivers and warrants further investigation in a larger randomised controlled trial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316355
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pre-Administration of Berberine Exerts Chemopreventive Effects in AOM/DSS-Induced Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis Mice via Modulating Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-09), p. 726-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-09), p. 726-
    Abstract: Inflammatory activation and intestinal flora imbalance play an essential role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Berberine (BBR) has attracted great attention in recent years due to its heath-related benefits in inflammatory disorders and tumors, but the intricate mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects and the mechanism of BBR on colon cancer were investigated in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis mice model. Our results showed that pre-administration of BBR showed a decrease in weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, and the number of colon tumors in mice, compared with the model group. The evidence from pathological examination indicated that the malignancy of intestinal tumors was ameliorated after pre-administration of BBR. Additionally, pre-administration with BBR suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and the cell-proliferation marker Ki67, while expression of the tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) were increased in colon tissue. Moreover, the levels of critical pathway proteins involved in the inflammatory process (p-STAT3 and p-JNK) and cell cycle regulation molecules (β-catenin, c-Myc and CylinD1) exhibited lower expression levels. Besides, 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that pre-administration of BBR increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F:M) and the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, while the abundance of cancer-related bacteria was decreased. Gavage with Lactobacillus rhamnosus can improve the anti-tumor effect of BBR. Overall, pre-administration of BBR exerts preventive effects in colon carcinogenesis, and the mechanisms underlying these effects are correlated with the inhibition of inflammation and tumor proliferation and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14040726
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Interspecific Association and Community Stability of Tree Species in Natural Secondary Forests at Different Altitude Gradients in the Southern Taihang Mountains
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-02-23), p. 373-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-02-23), p. 373-
    Abstract: An interspecific association represents an inter-relatedness of different species in spatial distribution and combined with the altitude factor, is key for revealing the formation and evolution of an ecological community. Therefore, we analyzed the changes in interspecific association and community stability at different altitudes in the southern Taihang Mountains using the variance ratio (VR), χ2 test, association coefficient (AC), percentage of co-occurrence (PC) and Godron stability method. In total, 27 sample plots measuring 20 × 20 m were set up and were divided into lower altitude (700~1100 m), medium altitude (1100~1500 m) and higher altitude areas (1500~1900 m) into. The results showed that the overall interspecies association of communities exhibited an insignificant negative association in both the lower (VR = 0.79, W = 7.15) and higher (VR = 0.81, W = 7.36) altitude areas, while an insignificant positive association was observed in the medium (VR = 1.48, W = 13.34) altitude area. Besides, the χ2 test showed the ratio of positively and negatively correlated species pairs decreased as altitude increased with values of 1.39, 1.22 and 0.95 in the lower, medium and higher altitude areas, respectively. Moreover, the AC and PC indices stated that most species pairs had a weaker association in the three altitude areas, but the AC indices also suggested the number of positive association species pairs was more than that of negative association only in medium altitude area. Meanwhile, the Godron stability method showed the distances from the intersection point to the stable point (20 and 80) were still far away, with values of 22.53, 11.92 and 21.34 in the lower, medium and higher altitude areas, respectively, which indicated an unstable succession stage, though the community appeared steadier in the medium altitude area. This study can provide some guidance for effective afforestation and vegetation restoration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13030373
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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