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  • MDPI AG  (385)
  • 2020-2024  (385)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiobjective Optimization of SiC Mirror Based on Dual-Parameter Coupling
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Photonics Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-02-07), p. 171-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-02-07), p. 171-
    Abstract: For photoelectric theodolite, the mirror is the core optical component, so it is of great significance to design and optimize a mirror with excellent overall performance. In order to comprehensively consider the contradictory objectives of mass, natural frequency, and RMS under gravity, a multiobjective optimization method based on the performance analysis of two-parameter coupling was proposed. On the basis of the performance law, a suitable solution for balancing multiple objective functions is obtained by introducing manual intervention. The results show that compared with the traditional empirical design of mirrors, the first-order natural frequency, mass, and RMS performance of the optimized mirror are improved by 18.64%, 0.1%, and 15.58%, respectively. The frequency/Mass ratio and 1/(RMS*Mass) ratio are increased by 18.72% and 18.59%, respectively. Its comprehensive performance has been improved. This method is effective and provides a reference for the design of photoelectric theodolite and other mirrors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics10020171
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 2
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    Vaccination with Omicron Inactivated Vaccine in Pre-vaccinated Mice Protects against SARS-CoV-2 Prototype and Omicron Variants
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-07-19), p. 1149-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-07-19), p. 1149-
    Abstract: In response to the fast-waning immune response and the great threat of the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) to the public, we report the pilot-scale production of an inactivated Omicron vaccine candidate that induces high levels of neutralizing antibody titers to protect against the Omicron virus. Here, we demonstrate that the inactivated Omicron vaccine is safe and effective in recalling immune responses to the HB02, Omicron, and Delta viruses after one or two doses of BBIBP-CorV. In addition, the efficient productivity and good genetic stability of the manufactured inactivated vaccine is proved. These results support the further evaluation of the Omicron vaccine in a clinical trial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071149
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 3
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    Identification and Expression Analysis of CKX Gene Family in Brassica juncea var. tumida and Their Functional Analysis in Stem Development
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2022-08-03), p. 705-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2022-08-03), p. 705-
    Abstract: Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) is a specific enzyme affecting plant growth, development, and yield by mediating the metabolism of endogenous cytokinins in a dual catalytic mode. This study aims to reveal the distribution and associated properties of CKX gene family members in the whole genome of Brassica juncea, lay a theoretical basis for further exploration of the biological function of BjuCKX genes, and provide genetic resources to improve the breeding quality of B. juncea. We screened BjuCKX genes with typical FAD-binding and CK binding domains and identified them using bioinformatics methods. In addition, we analyzed physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, conservative motif, cis-acting element of promoter, and expression pattern of BjuCKX gene family members. Endogenous hormone levels (GA3, ZR, IAA, ABA, BR and MeJA) were also determined in different developmental periods using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 23 BjuCKX genes were identified, and they were renamed BjuCKX01~BjuCKX23. Further analysis revealed that the amino acid number of 23 BjuCKX proteins ranged from 333 to 1337 aa, the molecular weight ranged 36.58 to 148.49 kDa, whereas the theoretical isoelectric point ranged from 4.94 to 9.10. The phylogenetic tree clustering analysis can group family members into four subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed that genes were not evenly distributed on the chromosome, with a pair of tandem repeats. Meanwhile, BjuCKX genes located on each chromosome revealed cross collinearity caused by fragment replication. The genes were more conserved in structure. In the upstream region of promoter, there were several cis-acting elements, including plant growth and development, hormone response, and biological and abiotic stress. Combined with transcriptome data, BjuCKX gene expression has been demonstrated to be different at varying developmental stages of the stem. RT-qPCR further confirmed that BjuCKX genes were involved in stem development and affects growth by regulating endogenous hormone levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8080705
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 4
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    Microstructure, Microhardness and Tribological Properties of Bronze–Steel Bimetallic Composite Produced by Vacuum Diffusion Welding
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2022-02-20), p. 1588-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2022-02-20), p. 1588-
    Abstract: In this paper, a lead–bronze/steel bimetal composite was produced by vacuum diffusion welding technology. The microstructure, hardness and tribological properties under the dry sliding condition of the bimetal structured material were investigated and compared with two reference samples, i.e., lead–bronze and Mn/Si–brass. The wear mechanism of the three materials was also analyzed in detail. It was found that the bimetallic structure possessed the best wear resistance among the three samples. When paired with the ball bearing steel, the wear rates of the lead–bronze and Mn/Si–brass were 13 and 54 times higher than that of the bimetal composite. When paired with bearing steel, the wear rates of the two materials were 13 and 54 times higher than the bimetallic composite, respectively. This is because the steel layer served as a bearing layer to decrease the plastic deformation of the bronze layer. Furthermore, the lead can accelerate the formation of a dense hardened layer at the sliding interfaces to avoid subsequent wear of the bronze surface. Nevertheless, this hardened layer caused severe scuffing on the steel balls. Therefore, lead–bronze/steel structured material is recommended to match with hard counterface material, such as cemented carbide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15041588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
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    Secretome of hESC-Derived MSC-like Immune and Matrix Regulatory Cells Mitigate Pulmonary Fibrosis through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-05), p. 463-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-05), p. 463-
    Abstract: Oxidative stress and inflammation are major drivers in the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome has regenerative potential and immunomodulatory functions. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived MSC-like immune and matrix regulatory cells (IMRCs) are manufacturable with large-scale good manufacturing practice (GMP) preparation. In the present study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and the therapeutic effect of the secretome of hESC-MSC-IMRC-derived conditioned culture medium (CM) (hESC-MSC-IMRC-CM) were investigated. Results revealed the capacities of hESC-MSC-IMRC-CM to reduce bleomycin (BLM)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells. The administration of concentrated hESC-MSC-IMRC-CM significantly alleviated the pathogenesis of PF in lungs of BLM-injured mice, as accessed by pathohistological changes and the expression of ECM and EMT. A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the hESC-MSC-IMRC-CM was able to inhibit BLM-induced ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by a reduced expression of Nox4, Nrf2, Ho-1, and components of the Tlr4/MyD88 signaling cascade. These results provide a proof of concept for the hESC-MSC-IMRC-derived secretome treatment of PF, in part mediated by their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study thus reinforces the development of ready-to-use, cell-free hESC-MSC-IMRC secretome biomedicine for the treatment of PF in clinical settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 6
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    Repeat-Dose Toxicity of Candidate Omicron COVID-19 Vaccine in Sprague-Dawley Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  COVID Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 51-64
    Details
    In: COVID, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 51-64
    Abstract: Due to a large number of mutations in the spike protein and immune escape, the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has become a predominant variant of concern (VOC) strain. To prevent the disease, we developed a candidate inactivated vaccine (Omicron COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated). To evaluate the safety of the vaccine, we tested the repeat-dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The doses were administered randomly to three groups: physiological saline solution (control), aluminum adjuvant in PBS solution adjuvant (adjuvant group), and low-dose and high-dose omicron vaccines (vaccine group) for 6 weeks. The SD rats were allowed to recover for 4 weeks after withdrawal. We evaluated the physiological condition of the rats, including their ophthalmological condition, body weight, food intake, body temperature, blood biochemistry, urine, neutralizing antibody, inflammation at the injection site, and organs weight. In summary, no dose-dependent adverse toxicological changes were observed, and a recovery trend was obvious, which proved the preclinical safety of the candidate omicron vaccine and provided evidence for clinical trials in humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-8112
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/covid3010003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3056217-X
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  • 7
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    Microstructure Characteristics and Strengthening Behavior of Cu-Bearing Non-Oriented Silicon Steel: Conventional Process versus Strip Casting
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metals Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-11), p. 1815-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-11), p. 1815-
    Abstract: Based on conventional hot rolling processes and strip casting processes, Cu precipitation strengthening is used to improve the strength of non-oriented silicon steel in order to meet the requirements of high-speed driving motors of electric vehicles. Microstructure evolution was studied, and the effects of Cu precipitates on magnetic and mechanical properties are discussed. Compared with conventional processes, non-oriented silicon steel prepared by strip casting exhibited advantages with regard to microstructure optimization with coarse grain and {100} texture. Two-stage rolling processes were more beneficial for uniform microstructure, coarse grains and improved texture. The high magnetic induction B50 of 1.762 T and low core losses with P1.5/50, P1.0/400 and P1.0/1000 of 1.93, 11.63 and 44.87 W/kg, respectively, were obtained in 0.20 mm sheets in strip casting. Cu precipitates significantly improved yield strength over ~120 MPa without deteriorating magnetic properties both in conventional process and strip casting. In the peak stage aged at 550 °C for 120 min, Cu precipitates retained bcc structure and were coherent with the matrix, and the yield strength of the 0.20 mm sheet was as high as 501 MPa in strip casting. The main mechanism of precipitation strengthening was attributed to coherency strengthening and modulus strengthening. The results indicated that balanced magnetic and mechanical properties can be achieved in thin-gauge non-oriented silicon steel with Cu addition in strip casting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met11111815
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 8
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    YSZ/LSM Composite Cathode Deposited by Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-28), p. 321-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-28), p. 321-
    Abstract: In this paper, solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) was employed to prepare a porous YSZ/LSM composite cathode for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The surface morphology and microstructure of the composite cathode deposits were characterized using SEM. The effect of annealing treatment on SPPS YSZ/LSM microstructure was examined. The results showed that the as-sprayed YSZ/LSM deposits presented a porous aggregate with a size range of 10–60 μm when the alcohol was used as the solvent and the spraying distance was 60 mm. The porous aggregate was found to be composed mainly of small particles ranging from 0.2–2 μm, the YSZ/LSM composite cathode showed a finely porous microstructure with grain sizes from micrometers to sub-micrometers. A further annealing treatment at 1050 °C for 2 h in air resulted in a continuous microstructure porous coating with a perovskite phase. The polarization test results demonstrated that the minimum polarizations were 1.26 and 0.083 Ω·cm2 for the composite cathode at 800 and 1000 °C, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030321
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 9
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    A Novel Construction Technology for Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge Considering Safety and Sustainability Performance
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-08), p. 2973-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-08), p. 2973-
    Abstract: To promote sustainable development of civil infrastructures, minimizing environmental impact and mobility disruptions have been elevated to a higher priority during decision-making for bridge construction scheme. This study presents a novel temporary pylon-anchor (TPA) technology for construction of self-anchored suspension bridges by considering not only safety performance, but also environmental impacts. A practical assessment method and index of sustainability associated with bridge construction technology are established to facilitate the selection of construction schemes. The sustainability index takes the environmental impact, traffic disruption, onsite construction materials and equipment, onsite construction cost, and onsite construction risk into consideration. The sustainability index associated with both conventional and novel construction methods is assessed and compared in this paper. Specifically, a novel girder-pylon antithrust system (GPAS) is proposed, which is the crucial component of the TPA technology in engineering application. In addition, an analytical approach is developed, considering both global load-carrying capacity and local stress distribution within the design and construction of the GPAS. The applicability and rationality of the proposed construction technology are illustrated by the successful application in real-world engineering. The field tests and sustainability assessment during the construction stage reveal that the proposed sustainability assessment method and analytical approach can facilitate the implementation of sustainable construction for self-anchored suspension bridges by considering both construction safety and sustainability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12072973
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
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    2.58 kW Narrow Linewidth Fiber Laser Based on a Compact Structure with a Chirped and Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating for Raman Suppression
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Photonics Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2021-11-25), p. 532-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2021-11-25), p. 532-
    Abstract: We report a high power, narrow linewidth fiber laser based on oscillator one-stage power amplification configuration. A fiber oscillator with a center wavelength of 1080 nm is used as the seed, which is based on a high reflection fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and an output coupling FBG of narrow reflection bandwidth. The amplifier stage adopted counter pumping. By optimizing the seed and amplifier properties, an output laser power of 2276 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 80.3%, a 3 dB linewidth of 0.54 nm and a signal to Raman ratio of 32 dB, however, the transverse mode instability (TMI) began to occur. For further increasing the laser power, a high-power chirped and tilted FBG (CTFBG) was inserted between the backward combiner and the output passive fiber, experimental results showed that both the threshold of Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and TMI increased. The maximum laser power was improved to 2576 W with a signal to Raman ratio of 42 dB, a slope efficiency of 77.1%, and a 3 dB linewidth of 0.87 nm. No TMI was observed and the beam quality factor M2 maintained about 1.6. This work could provide a useful reference for obtaining narrow-linewidth high-power fiber lasers with high signal to Raman ratio.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120532
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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