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  • 2020-2024  (86)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Fernerkundung ; Hyperspektraler Sensor ; Umweltüberwachung ; Atmosphäre ; Wasseroberfläche ; Messfehler ; Korrektur
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten, 9,73 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 50 EE 1620 , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 25-27 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The Arctic Ocean receives a large supply of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from its catchment and shelf sediments, which can be traced across much of the basin’s upper waters. This signature can potentially be used as a tracer. On the shelf, the combination of river discharge and sea-ice formation, modifies water densities and mixing considerably. These waters are a source of the halocline layer that covers much of the Arctic Ocean, but also contain elevated levels of DOM. Here we demonstrate how this can be used as a supplementary tracer and contribute to evaluating ocean circulation in the Arctic. A fraction of the organic compounds that DOM consists of fluoresce and can be measured using in-situ fluorometers. When deployed on autonomous platforms these provide high temporal and spatial resolution measurements over long periods. The results of an analysis of data derived from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800m below Arctic sea-ice. Water mass analysis using temperature, salinity and DOM fluorescence, can clearly distinguish between the contribution of Siberian terrestrial DOM and marine DOM from the Chukchi shelf to the waters of the halocline. The findings offer a new approach to trace the distribution of Pacific waters and its export from the Arctic Ocean. Our results indicate the potential to extend the approach to separate freshwater contributions from, sea-ice melt, riverine discharge and the Pacific Ocean. Key Points: Arctic surface waters with comparable temperature and salinity have contrasting in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence. Organic matter fluorescence can tracklow salinity waters feeding into the Transpolar Drift and haloclinelayers. Siberian and Chukchishelf waters can be separated based on their fluorescence to salinity relationship
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: In the marine realm, microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of primary production, thereby sustaining marine life across all trophic levels. Longhurst provinces have distinct microbial fingerprints; however, little is known about how microbial diversity and primary productivity change at finer spatial scales. Here, we sampled the Atlantic Ocean from south to north (~50°S–50°N), every ~0.5° latitude. We conducted measurements of primary productivity, chlorophyll-a and relative abundance of 16S and 18S rRNA genes, alongside analyses of the physicochemical and hydrographic environment. We analysed the diversity of autotrophs, mixotrophs and heterotrophs, and noted distinct patterns among these guilds across provinces with high and low chlorophyll-a conditions. Eukaryotic autotrophs and prokaryotic heterotrophs showed a shared inter-province diversity pattern, distinct from the diversity pattern shared by mixotrophs, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic heterotrophs. Additionally, we calculated samplewise productivity-specific length scales, the potential horizontal displacement of microbial communities by surface currents to an intrinsic biological rate (here, specific primary productivity). This scale provides key context for our trophically disaggregated diversity analysis that we could relate to underlying oceanographic features. We integrate this element to provide more nuanced insights into the mosaic-like nature of microbial provincialism, linking diversity patterns to oceanographic transport through primary production.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of the climate-relevant trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the Peruvian upwelling system is still limited. Here we present oceanic and atmospheric DMS measurements which were made during two shipborne cruises in December 2012 (M91) and October 2015 (SO243) in the Peruvian upwelling region. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were also measured during M91. DMS concentrations were 1.9 ± 0.9 and 2.5 ± 1.9 nmol L−1 in surface waters in October 2015 and December 2012, respectively. Nutrient availability appeared to be the main driver of the observed variability in the surface DMS distributions in the coastal areas. DMS, DMSP, and DMSO showed maxima in the surface layer, and no elevated concentrations associated with the oxygen minimum zone off Peru were measured. The possible role of DMS, DMSP, and DMSO as radical scavengers (stimulated by nitrogen limitation) is supported by their negative correlations with N:P (sum of nitrate and nitrite : dissolved phosphate) ratios. Large variations in atmospheric DMS mole fractions were measured during M91 (144.6 ± 95.0 ppt) and SO243 (91.4 ± 55.8 ppt); however, the atmospheric mole fractions were generally low, and the sea-to-air flux was primarily driven by seawater DMS. The Peruvian upwelling region was identified as a source of atmospheric DMS in December 2012 and October 2015. However, in comparison to the previous measurements in the adjacent regions, the Peru upwelling was a moderate source of DMS emissions at either time (M91: 5.9 ± 5.3 µmol m−2 d−1; SO243: 3.8 ± 2.7 µmol m−2 d−1).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: We analysed water samples taken during the Polarstern PS113 cruise with HPLC technique to retrieve phytoplankton pigment concentrations. We further used these data to obtain major phytoplankton groups following the diagnostic pigment analysis. We also measured at discrete light stations (called Lightstations) and from an undulating platform towed behind the ship (called TRIAXUS stations) radiometric underwater light profiles high spectrally resolved. We obtained high resolution phytoplankton group Chla data from depth resolved apparent optical properties derived from the underwater radiation data by applying an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to the spectral data set and developing subsequently regression models using the pigment based phytoplankton group Chla and the selected EOF modes. Results were obtained from using depth resolved transmission data (Transmission) and also from using the mean diffuse attenuation over the first optical depth (kdmean) of the measured radiometric profile. All the details are described in the related publication by Bracher et al. (2020).
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean transect; diagnostic pigment analysis; HPLC analysis; particulate matter; phytoplankton pigment concentrations phytoplankton groups; radiometric profiles
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: This data set provides the collocated data of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at 9 bands extracted from the merged ocean color products from GlobColour archive (https://www.globcolour.info/), satellite sea surface temperature from CMEMS (https://marine.copernicus.eu/), and chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl-a) derived from a global database of in situ HPLC pigment data collected from 2002 to 2012. The total Chl-a, Chl-a of six phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) that are diatoms, dinoflagellates, haptophytes, green algae, prokaryotes and Prochlorococcus, and two fractions of prokaryotes and Prochlorococcus are included in this data set. PFT Chl-a and fractions are derived using an updated diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA) method (Soppa et al., 2014; Losa et al., 2017), that was originally developed by Vidussi et al. (2001), adapted in Uitz et al. (2006) and further refined by Hirata et al. (2011) and Brewin et al. (2015). Matchups of satellite Rrs to in situ PFT data (which were also matchups to SST) were extracted from global 4-km daily merged products. Extraction and averaging protocol including quality control were described in detail in Xi et al. (2020).
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, Diatoms; Chlorophyll a, Dinoflagellata; Chlorophyll a, Green algae; Chlorophyll a, Haptophyta; Chlorophyll a, Prochlorococcus; Chlorophyll a, Prokaryotes; Chlorophyll a, total; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; GlobColour; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; ocean color; OLCI-PFT; ORDINAL NUMBER; particulate matter; PFT; Prochlorococcus, fractional; Prokaryotes, fractional; Remote sensing reflectance at 412 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 443 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 490 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 510 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 531 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 547 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 555 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 670 nm; Remote sensing reflectance at 678 nm; Rrs; Sea surface temperature; SST
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9015 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Samples for the pigment data set were collected during RV Maria S. Merian cruise MSM9/1 in July/August 2008 in the North Atlantic from Bremen, Germany to St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada (see cruise report Kucera et al. 2014). Sampling was conducted at various stations from a rosette coupled to a conductivity temperature density (CTD) profiler at three to four depths and otherwise sampling regularly every 6 to 8 hours the surface water (approx. 10 m depth) from the ship's moonpool. Water samples were filtered on GF/F filters. Filters were immediately shockfrozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until further analysis at the laboratories of the Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). Measurements of the particulate absorption were carried out on a dual-beam UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Cary 4000, Varian Inc.) equipped with a 150 mm integrating sphere (external DRA-900, Varian, Inc. and Labsphere Inc., made from Spectralon (TM)) using a quantitative filterpad technique modified as follows (see e.g. Simis et al., 2005). The filters were placed in the center of the integrating sphere using a center-mount filter holder perpendicular to the light beam. A wavelength scan from 300 to 850 nm with a resolution of 1 nm (slit width 2 nm, scan rate 150 nm min−1 ) was performed, when the reflectance ports were covered with Spectralon(TM) reflectance standards. The baseline was recorded beforehand with a clean, dry filter, and a filter which was soaked for more than 30 min in purified water served as a reference. The absorption coefficient was calculated from optical density (OD) measurements using a path length amplification factor of 4.5 (β = 1/4.5, Taylor et al. 2011) as a [m−1 ] = −ln (T · A · β/V ), where the transmittance T = exp (−OD), V is the filtrated sample volume in m3 and A the filter clearance area in m2 . Results from the original filter gave particulate absorption, ap. More details on the method can be found in Taylor et al. (2011). The data set is also collocated to Bracher and Taylor (2017) phytoplankton pigment data.
    Keywords: absorption; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 300 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 301 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 302 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 303 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 304 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 305 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 306 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 307 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 308 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 309 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 310 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 311 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 312 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 313 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 314 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 315 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 316 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 317 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 318 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 319 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 320 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 321 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 322 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 323 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 324 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 325 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 326 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 327 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 328 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 329 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 330 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 331 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 332 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 333 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 334 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 335 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 336 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 337 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 338 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 339 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 340 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 341 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 342 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 343 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 344 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 345 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 346 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 347 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 348 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 349 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 350 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 351 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 352 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 353 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 354 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 355 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 356 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 357 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 358 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 359 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 360 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 361 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 362 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 363 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 364 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 365 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 366 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 367 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 368 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 369 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 370 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 371 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 372 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 373 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 374 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 375 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 376 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 377 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 378 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 379 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 380 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 381 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 382 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 383 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 384 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 385 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 386 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 387 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 388 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 389 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 390 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 391 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 392 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 393 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 394 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 395 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 396 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 397 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 398 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 399 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 400 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 401 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 402 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 403 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 404 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 405 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 406 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 407 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 408 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 409 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 410 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 411 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 412 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 413 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 414 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 415 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 416 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 417 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 418 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 419 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 420 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 421 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 422 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 423 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 424 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 425 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 426 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 427 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 428 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 429 nm; Absorption coefficient, total particulate matter, at 430
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 28355 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The MacArtney Triaxus extended version is a remotely operated towed vehicle (ROTV). It is towed behind the ship between 2 and 10 knots and can undulate in a saw tooth pattern between a few meters below the surface and 350m depth. The umbilical provides power and a fiber optic link to sensors that are mounted on the Triaxus (see SensorWeb). The data collected by the sensors were recorded on separate computers, one computer per sensor (including the flight information from the Triaxus itself). Thus, there are 7 separate data streams saved in separate folders plus a folder with metadata information about the different dives. During long Triaxus operations, new data files would be started approximately every 4 hours, because some of the employed software programs do not allow for backing up of the files while they are still being written to. A heavy weight (depressor) was employed directly behind the ship to pull the umbilical below the water line before sea ice can close in behind the ship. In addition to a few test dives, three transects across the marginal ice zone north of Svalbard (Yermak Plateau) were collected on PS131 in July/August 2022.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ATWAICE; AWI_PhyOce; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); File content; FRAM; Fram Strait; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; Physical Oceanography @ AWI; Polarstern; PS131; PS131_117-1; PS131_18-1; PS131_36-2; PS131_52-1; PS131_55-1; PS131_64-1; PS131_86-1; PS131_90-1; PS131_95-1; TOPR; Towed Ocean Profiler; Triaxus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-06-26
    Keywords: 19-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin; 19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin; Alloxanthin; alpha-Carotene; Antheraxanthin; ANT-XXXIII/4; Astaxanthin; Atlantic Ocean transect; beta-Carotene; Canarias Sea; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll b; Chlorophyll c1+c2; Chlorophyll c3; Chlorophyllide a; CT; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Diadinoxanthin; diagnostic pigment analysis; Diatoxanthin; Dinoxanthin; Divinyl chlorophyll a; Divinyl chlorophyll b; Event label; Fucoxanthin; Gear; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); HPLC analysis; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lutein; Mg-2,4-divinyl pheoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester; Neoxanthin; particulate matter; Peridinin; Pheophorbide a; Pheophytin a; Pheophytin b; phytoplankton pigment concentrations phytoplankton groups; Polarstern; Province; PS113; PS113_11-2; PS113_1-2; PS113_13-2; PS113_14-2; PS113_15-1; PS113_17-2; PS113_18-2; PS113_20-1; PS113_21-1; PS113_22-2; PS113_23-2; PS113_25-1; PS113_26-2; PS113_27-1; PS113_28-1; PS113_29-2; PS113_30-2; PS113_31-1; PS113_3-2; PS113_33-1; PS113_5-2; PS113_6-2; PS113_7-2; PS113_9-2; PS113-track; Pyropheophorbide a; Pyropheophytin a; radiometric profiles; Sample ID; South Atlantic Ocean; Station label; Underway cruise track measurements; Violaxanthin; Zeaxanthin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14280 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-06-26
    Keywords: ANT-XXXIII/4; Atlantic Ocean transect; Canarias Sea; Chlorophyll a; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; diagnostic pigment analysis; Event label; Gear; HPLC analysis; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; particulate matter; phytoplankton pigment concentrations phytoplankton groups; Polarstern; Province; PS113; PS113_1-1; PS113_11-1; PS113_13-1; PS113_14-1; PS113_15-2; PS113_17-1; PS113_18-1; PS113_22-1; PS113_23-1; PS113_26-1; PS113_27-2; PS113_28-2; PS113_29-1; PS113_30-1; PS113_3-1; PS113_31-2; PS113_33-2; PS113_7-1; PS113_9-1; radiometric profiles; RAMSES; RAMSES hyperspectral radiometer; South Atlantic Ocean; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 140756 data points
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