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  • Frontiers Media SA  (41)
  • 2020-2024  (41)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2024
    In:  Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 15 ( 2024-3-7)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2024-3-7)
    Abstract: Background: Team handball involves a tremendous amount of shoulder motion with high forces during repeated extended external range of motion. This causes shoulder complaints and overuse injuries. While eccentric training for the lower extremity shows preventive effects by improving strength, range of motion and fascicle length, there is a research gap for the shoulder joint and for advanced tissue characterization using diffusion tensor imaging. Objectives: To investigate the effects of 6-week eccentric isokinetic resistance training on strength, flexibility, and fiber architecture characteristics of the external rotators compared to an active control group in junior male handball players. Methods: 15 subjects were randomly assigned to the eccentric training group and 14 subjects to the active control group (conventional preventive training). Primary outcome measures were eccentric and concentric isokinetic strength of the external rotators, range of motion, and muscle fascicle length and fascicle volume. Results: The intervention group, showed significant changes in eccentric strength (+15%). The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles showed significant increases in fascicle length (+13% and +8%), and in fractional anisotropy (+9% and +6%), which were significantly different from the control group. Conclusion: Eccentric isokinetic training has a significant effect on the function and macroscopic structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players. While strength parameters and muscle structure improved, range of motion did not change. This research helps understanding the physiology of muscle and the role of eccentric training on shoulder function and muscle structure. Furthermore, DTI was found to be a promising tool for advanced tissue characterization, and the in vivo derived data can also serve as model input variables and as a possibility to extend existing ex-vivo muscle models. Future research is needed for functional and structural changes following convenient eccentric field exercises.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-042X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368033
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564217-0
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  • 2
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    Editorial: Mars analogs: Environment, habitability and biodiversity
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol. 10 ( 2023-5-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-5-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-987X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1208367
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2778829-5
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  • 3
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    Data_Sheet_1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-26)
    Abstract: Biomarkers are important tools in medicines development and clinical practice. Besides their use in clinical trials, such as for enrichment of patients, monitoring safety or response to treatment, biomarkers are a cornerstone of precision medicine. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) emphasised the importance of the discovery, qualification, and use of biomarkers in their Regulatory Science Strategy to 2025, which included the recommendation to enhance early engagement with biomarker developers to facilitate regulatory qualification. This study explores the journey of biomarkers through the EU regulatory system and beyond, based on a review of interactions between developers and the EMA from 2008 to 2020, as well as the use of qualified biomarkers in clinical trials. Of applicants that used early interaction platforms such as the Innovation Task Force, less than half engaged in fee-related follow-up procedures. Results showed that, as compared to companies, consortia were more likely to opt for the Qualification of Novel Methodologies procedure and engage in follow-up procedures. Our results highlight the importance of early engagement with regulators for achieving biomarker qualification, including pre-submission discussions in the context of the qualification procedure. A review of clinical trials showed that all qualified biomarkers are used in practice, although not always according to the endorsed context of use. Overall, this study highlights important aspects of biomarker qualification, including opportunities to improve the seamless support for developers by EMA. The use of qualified biomarkers in clinical trials underlines the importance of regulatory qualification, which will further enable precision medicine for the benefit of patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.878942
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.878942.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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  • 4
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    The Structure and Dynamics of Modern United States Federal Case Law
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Physics Vol. 9 ( 2022-1-7)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-1-7)
    Abstract: The structure and dynamics of modern United States Federal Case Law are examined here. The analyses utilize large-scale network analysis tools, natural language processing techniques, and information theory to examine all the federal opinions in the Court Listener database, containing approximately 1.3 million judicial opinions and 11.4 million citations. The analyses are focused on modern United States Federal Case Law, as cases in the Court Listener database range from approximately 1926–2020 and include most Federal jurisdictions. We examine the data set from a structural perspective using the citation network, overall and by time and space (jurisdiction). In addition to citation structure, we examine the dataset from a topical and information theoretic perspective, again, overall and by time and space.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-424X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2021.695219
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721033-9
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  • 5
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    Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in children and adolescent cancer patients
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Vol. 9 ( 2022-10-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-10-14)
    Abstract: Brain cancer and leukemia are the most common cancers diagnosed in the pediatric population and are often treated with lifesaving chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy causes severe adverse effects and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting and debilitating side effect. CIPN can greatly impair quality of life and increases morbidity of pediatric patients with cancer, with the accompanying symptoms frequently remaining underdiagnosed. Little is known about the incidence of CIPN, its impact on the pediatric population, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, as most existing information stems from studies in animal models or adult cancer patients. Herein, we aim to provide an understanding of CIPN in the pediatric population and focus on the 6 main substance groups that frequently cause CIPN, namely the vinca alkaloids (vincristine), platinum-based antineoplastics (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin), taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel), epothilones (ixabepilone), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib) and immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide). We discuss the clinical manifestations, assessments and diagnostic tools, as well as risk factors, pathophysiological processes and current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for the prevention and treatment of CIPN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-889X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1015746
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2814330-9
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Where is the sow’s nose: RetinaNet object detector as a basis for monitoring the use of rack with nest-building material
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Animal Science Vol. 3 ( 2022-8-3)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Animal Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2022-8-3)
    Abstract: Access to nest-building material in the preparturient period is beneficial for sows’ welfare. However, on slatted floors, long-stem forage can drop into the slurry and block the drainage system. As a compromise considering the needs of sows for access to adequate nest-building material, farrowing pens with slatted floors are equipped with dispensers (racks) accessible by sows. In this study, we developed a computer vision method to monitor the use of the racks with nest-building material. In total, 12 sows were included in the experiment from 5 days before farrowing to the end of farrowing. Hay rack use behaviors were labeled for all the sows, i.e., pulling hay, nose close to the rack, exploratory behavior, and bar biting. The object detection algorithm RetinaNet was used to extract centroids of parts of the sow’s body and the hay rack. Several feature variables were estimated from the centroids of detected parts of the sow’s body, and random forest was used for the classification of hay rack use behaviors. The model for the detection of pulling hay behavior had the best performance: 83.5% sensitivity, 98.7% specificity, and 98.6% accuracy. The distance between the sows’ nose and the hay rack was the most important feature variable, which indicated the importance of nose location for the recognition of behaviors in which pigs interact with other objects. The developed models could be applied for automated monitoring of the use of nest-building material in preparturient sows. Such monitoring might be especially important in sows housed on slatted floors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-6225
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.913407
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3053647-9
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  • 7
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    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Vol. 15 ( 2021-4-20)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-4-20)
    Abstract: Adolescence has been linked to an enhanced tolerance of uncertainty and risky behavior and is possibly connected to an increased response toward rewards. However, previous research has produced inconsistent findings. To investigate whether these findings are due to different reward probabilities used in the experimental design, we extended a monetary incentive delay (MID) task by including three different reward probabilities. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, 25 healthy adolescents and 22 adults were studied during anticipation of rewards in the VS. Differently colored cue stimuli indicated either a monetary or verbal trial and symbolized different reward probabilities, to which the participants were blinded. Results demonstrated faster reaction times for lower reward probabilities (33%) in both age groups. Adolescents were slower through all conditions and had less activation on a neural level. Imaging results showed a three-way interaction between age group x condition x reward probability with differences in percent signal change between adolescents and adults for the high reward probabilities (66%, 88%) while adolescents demonstrated differences for the lowest (33%). Therefore, previous inconsistent findings could be due to different reward probabilities, which makes examining these crucial for a better understanding of adolescent and adult behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-5161
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.649724
    DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.649724.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2425477-0
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  • 8
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    DataSheet1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Pharmacology Vol. 12 ( 2022-1-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pharmacology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2022-1-14)
    Abstract: Venoms from cone snails and arachnids are a rich source of peptide modulators of voltage-gated sodium (Na V ) channels, however relatively few venom-derived peptides with activity at the mammalian Na V 1.8 subtype have been isolated. Here, we describe the discovery and functional characterisation of β-theraphotoxin-Eo1a, a peptide from the venom of the Tanzanian black and olive baboon tarantula Encyocratella olivacea that modulates Na V 1.8. Eo1a is a 37-residue peptide that increases Na V 1.8 peak current (EC 50 894 ± 146 nM) and causes a large hyperpolarising shift in both the voltage-dependence of activation (ΔV 50 –20.5 ± 1.2 mV) and steady-state fast inactivation (ΔV 50 –15.5 ± 1.8 mV). At a concentration of 10 μM, Eo1a has varying effects on the peak current and channel gating of Na V 1.1–Na V 1.7, although its activity is most pronounced at Na V 1.8. Investigations into the binding site of Eo1a using Na V 1.7/Na V 1.8 chimeras revealed a critical contribution of the DII S3-S4 extracellular loop of Na V 1.8 to toxin activity. Results from this work may form the basis for future studies that lead to the rational design of spider venom-derived peptides with improved potency and selectivity at Na V 1.8.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-9812
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789570
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789570.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587355-6
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Co-Design of a Trustworthy AI System in Healthcare: Deep Learning Based Skin Lesion Classifier
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Human Dynamics Vol. 3 ( 2021-7-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Human Dynamics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2021-7-13)
    Abstract: This paper documents how an ethically aligned co-design methodology ensures trustworthiness in the early design phase of an artificial intelligence (AI) system component for healthcare. The system explains decisions made by deep learning networks analyzing images of skin lesions. The co-design of trustworthy AI developed here used a holistic approach rather than a static ethical checklist and required a multidisciplinary team of experts working with the AI designers and their managers. Ethical, legal, and technical issues potentially arising from the future use of the AI system were investigated. This paper is a first report on co-designing in the early design phase. Our results can also serve as guidance for other early-phase AI-similar tool developments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-2726
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fhumd.2021.688152
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3017802-2
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  • 10
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    Real-Time Assessment of Stress and Stress Response Using Digital Phenotyping: A Study Protocol
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Digital Health Vol. 2 ( 2020-10-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Digital Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 2 ( 2020-10-15)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-253X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.544418
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3017798-4
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