Note: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction: COVID-19 and Its Influences on Sustainable Development -- Contents -- COVID-19 and Its Societal Impacts -- Sustainable Crises Management in Education During COVID-19 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Crisis Management in Education -- 3 Latvian Education Experience -- 4 Research Methodology -- 5 Research Findings -- 5.1 Challenges for Schools in Turbulent Times of Pandemic -- 5.2 Difficulties the Schools Are Facing and Mechanisms of Overcoming Them -- 5.3 Opportunities for Schools Created by Covid-19 -- 5.4 Sustainability Competencies for Crisis Management in the Complex Adaptive Framework -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- COVID-19 and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Canadian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Corporate Social Responsibility: An Overview -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Expectations of the Corporation to Support CSR and COVID-19 Response/Recovery -- 4.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Core Business Operations -- 4.3 Impact of COVID-19 on CSR Initiatives -- 4.4 The Interaction Between Government and Business in Responding to COVID-19 -- 4.5 How Core Business Operations and CSR Programs Have Been Leveraged to Support COVID-19 Response Efforts -- 4.6 Whether Companies Utilized Their COVID-19 Response Efforts in Marketing Campaigns -- 4.7 The Role of Senior Corporate Leadership with Respect to CSR and COVID-19 Response -- 4.8 The Future of CSR Programs -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- COVID-19 and Pandemic Risk: The Link to SDG 13, Climate Change and the Finance Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Impact of COVID-19 on the Investors' Context -- 3 SDG 13 Targets and Climate Change: COVID-19 as an Opportunity for Investors and Companies to Preserve Our Planet -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A Post COVID19 Blueprint for Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Caribbean. , 2.1 Post Covid-19 Blueprint for the Caribbean Region -- 2.2 A Post Covid-19 Blueprint for Indonesia -- 2.3 A Post Covid-19 Blueprint for Mauritius -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Exploring Communication Framing Methods that Link Changes in Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19 to Promote Post-pandemic Sustainability Policy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Methods for Reviewing Air Pollution Framing Approaches Applied During COVID-19 -- 4 Communication Frames for Air Pollution -- 4.1 Earth Observation -- 4.2 Photography and Video -- 4.3 Testimony -- 4.4 Environmental Health Surveillance -- 4.5 Health Disparities and Environmental Justice -- 4.6 Economic Justifications -- 4.7 Co-benefits: Putting the Evidence Together -- 4.8 Sustainability Policy and Advocacy Responses -- 5 Case Studies in Sustainability Policy and Activism -- 5.1 Cases of Cities and Their Sustainable Transportation Projects -- 5.2 Cases of Environmental Justice Organizations in Responding to Air Pollution and COVID-19 -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Achieving the UN's SDG 6 as a Means to Control the COVID-19 Pandemics in Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 COVID-19 and Sanitation -- 2.1 UN SDG 6: Quality Water and Sanitation in Pandemic Times -- 2.2 The SDG 6 in Developing Countries: The Case of Brazil -- 3 Tackling the Challenge and Changing Paradigms -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Socioeconomic Pathways Toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Brazil During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anti-cyclical Economic Policies and Socioeconomic Impacts in Brazil -- 3 COVID-19 Impacts on SDGs in Brazil -- 4 Circular Economy for the Brazilian SDG Achievement -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Development Goals and Women: An Initial Reflection on Domestic Violence in Times of a Pandemic Crisis -- 1 Introduction. , 1.1 Sustainability, SDG 05 and Domestic Violence Against Women -- 1.2 Being a Woman in the Context of the Pandemic -- 1.3 Methodology: A Brief Description of the Tools -- 2 Results Obtained -- 2.1 Covid-19: Confinement and Domestic Violence in the Global Context -- 2.2 Covid-19: Confinement and Domestic Violence in the Brazilian National Context -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- COVID-19 and Sustainable Tourism -- 1 The World's Fastest Growing Sector Comes to a Halt: Travel & -- Tourism Macro-Trends and COVID-19's Impact -- 2 React and/or Adapt: Travel & -- Tourism's Responses to the Pandemic and Re-Opening Efforts -- 3 Building Back Better: Reimagining Sustainable Travel and Tourism -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Fostering Innovation and Intercultural Exchange During a Global Pandemic: Lessons Learned from a Virtual Design Thinking Challenge in Nepal -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Methodological Considerations: A Case Study Approach -- 2 Virtual Impact Week to Fight COVID-19 in Nepal -- 2.1 Initiation of Nepal-Vs-COVID-19 -- 2.2 Framework of the Virtual Impact Week 'Country-Vs-COVID-19 -- 2.3 Design Thinking Method Application -- 2.4 Execution and Outcomes of Nepal-Vs-COVID-19 -- 3 Lessons Learned from the Initial Virtual Impact Week -- 4 Impact of Nepal-Vs-COVID-19 to Other Countries -- 5 Opportunities for Future Research and Applications -- 5.1 Limitations and Avenues for Future Research -- 5.2 Opportunities for Future Practice -- 5.3 Implications for Sustainability -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Labor Market Sustainability and Corporate Governance-COVID-19 a Game-Changer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Economic and Social Institutions-Possible Framework for Developing the Socio-Economic Institutions of Sustainability -- 3 Reset and the 'New Labor Market' -- 4 Corporate Governance and COVID-19 Triggered Game Changes -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , Public Financing and Management for a Sustainable Healthcare Sector: Some Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Selected Fiscal Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020 -- 3 Micro-level Sustainability and Innovation Considerations in the Health-Care System -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- COVID-19 and Sustainability Learning -- Innovative and Sustainable Research-Based Learning & -- Community Services During Lockdown by COVID-19 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Tri-Centra Universal Education -- 4 Online Learning System in Higher Education -- 5 The Impacts of COVID-19 Towards Research Activities -- 6 Student Community Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Challenging the Plague of Indifference: COVID-19 and Posthumanistic Education for Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reflecting on Caring and Kindness -- 3 Reflecting on Western Assumptions -- 4 Reflecting on the Anthropocene Epoch -- 5 Reflecting on Humanism, Discourses and Subjectivity -- 6 Reflecting on Educational Discourses -- 7 Reflecting on a Posthumanistic Education for Sustainability -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The Impact of COVID-19 on the Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 4 in the Early Years: A Rapid Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Childhood Education and Care -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 School Closure -- 4.2 Education and Technology -- 4.3 Impact on SDG4 -- 4.4 Direct and Indirect Impacts on Young Children -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- COVID 19: Causal Loop Diagramming (CLD) of Social-Ecological Interactions for Teaching Sustainable Development -- 1 From an Epidemiological to a Social-Ecological Systems Focus on EID -- 2 Social-Ecological Systems, Panarchy and Resilience -- 3 Causal Loop Diagrams and Archetypes. , 4 Existing SES Systems Modelling Examples of Zoonosis -- 5 Methodology: Causal Loop Diagram -- 6 Results -- 6.1 Balancing and Reinforcing Loops and Archetypes -- 6.2 Overall System CLD -- 6.3 System Narrative: Balancing Parsimony and Detail -- 6.4 Stocks, Rates and Auxiliaries and Parameters -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Environmental Education as a Tool to Improve Sustainability and Promote Global Health: Lessons from the COVID-19 to Avoid Other Pandemics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Mismanagement and Global Health Crises -- 3 Environmental Education: The Path to a Healthier Planet -- 3.1 Characteristics and Approaches -- 3.2 Environmental Education in Schools Worldwide -- 3.3 Succesful Initiatives During Pandemic Times -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Relationships Matter. New Paths for Tourism Beyond COVID-19 Pandemic. An Exploratory Research from Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Relational Tourism -- 2.2 The Role of Gastronomy and Local Food for Place Branding and Tourism -- 2.3 The Role of the Web (Network) to Support Relationality in Tourism: Network Relationality -- 2.4 The Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Technology in the Tourism Sector -- 2.5 COVID-19 Challenges: Tourism Trends, Global and Local Changes -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 A "relational" Answer to COVID-19 Crisis: The Staffetta Della Cucina Ciocheciò -- 4.2 The Experience of Staffetta According to the Organisers -- 4.3 The Experience of Staffetta According to Participants -- 5 Tourism Implications -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Managing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Education Plans and Activities of South African Schools -- 1 Background to the Problem and Contextual Factors -- 2 Related Literature and Theoretical Framework -- 3 Framework of the Department of Basic Education COVID-19 Sector Plan. , 4 Designation of Schools and Health Care Requirements.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Conserving and Restoring Water-Related Ecosystems World-Widely: Have We Met the 2020s the Benchmarks of the Sustainable Development Goal Six? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Abundance, Distribution and Water Circulations -- 3 The Health of and Threats to Water Ecosystems -- 4 Water Ecosystems Across the Continents: Current Status -- 5 Conserving Water Ecosystems -- 6 Restoring Injured Water Ecosystems -- 7 Sustainability of Good Water Quality Across the Globe -- References -- 2 The Contribution of Geographical Information Systems-GIS in Water and Sewage Companies for Water Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Mapping for Diagnoses and Land Use Policies, for Locational Alternatives, and Protection of Water Springs -- 3.2 Geospatial Models for Water and Energy Use Efficiency for Pumping and Supplying -- 3.3 Water and Sanitation in Informal Settlements -- 3.4 Partnerships for Geospatial Information Sharing -- 4 Final Considerations -- References -- 3 Towards Adaptive Water Governance in South America: Lessons from Water Crises in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Governance in Latin America -- 3 Lessons from Water Crises in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay -- 3.1 Chubut River (Argentina) -- 3.2 Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí Rivers (Brazil) -- 3.3 Laguna del Sauce Lake (Uruguay) -- 4 Challenges Under Uncertainty -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Polycentric Water Governance in the Urban Global South -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Concept of Polycentric Governance: Potentialities and Limits -- 3 São Paulo Macrometropolis Water Governance in the Context of Climate Change and Water Crisis -- 4 The Challenge of Water Governance in the SPMM-Between Crisis Management, Integrated Long-Term Planning, and Democratic Deliberation. , 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Land Use Change in Tropical Watersheds: Will It Support Natural Resources Sustainability? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Land-Use Change and Natural Resource Degradation -- 3 Land-Use Change and Watershed Hydrology -- 4 Land Use Change and Water Quality -- 5 The Dynamics of the Nutrient and Carbon Cycle in a Watershed -- 6 Integrated Watershed Management for Natural Resource Sustainability -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Soil and Water Conservation Planning Toward Sustainable Management of Upstream Watershed in Indonesia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Facing Upper Watershed Area in Indonesia -- 3 Soil and Water Conservation to Combat Soil Degradation -- 4 Development Micro Watershed Model -- 5 Participatory Planning of Upper Watershed Management -- 6 Collaborative Management to Guarantee Sustainability -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- 7 The Integration of Energy Planning and Urban Planning: A Synergies Analysis of the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Case Study: City of São Paulo -- 2.2 Design of Scenarios Modeled Through LEAP_SP -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 UEP and the Range of the SDGs -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Biopesticides and Sustainability in a Land Use Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pesticides -- 2.1 Benefits and Disadvantages of Pesticides -- 3 European Union-Strategies and Regulations, a Brief Review -- 4 Biopesticides-The Solution? -- 5 Recent Works and Future Trends -- 6 Final Remarks -- References -- 9 Barriers to Sustainable Development in Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Barriers to the Implementation of Sustainable Practices in Agriculture -- 3 Methods -- 4 Data Analysis and Findings -- 4.1 Perceived Semantic Barriers -- 4.2 Perceived Regulation Barriers -- 4.3 Perceived Individual Barriers. , 4.4 Perceived Macro-Systemic Barriers -- 4.5 Perceived Capital/Financial Barriers -- 4.6 Perceived Administrative/Organisational Barriers -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Sustainability Practices and Motivation for Adopting Organic Pineapple Farming in the Ekumfi District of the Central Region of Ghana -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Organic Farming -- 2.2 Sustainability Processes Under Organic Pineapple Farming -- 2.3 Farmer's Motivations for Engaging in Organic Farming -- 3 Study Area, Materials and Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Background of Respondents -- 4.2 Motivations to Engage in Organic Farming -- 4.3 Sustainability Practices Undertaken by Organic Pineapple Farmers -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 11 The State of Agricultural Land Transformations in Asia: Drivers, Trade-Offs, and Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The State of Agricultural Land Transformations in Asia -- 2.1 Agricultural Land-Use Change -- 2.2 Agricultural Intensification -- 3 Drivers of Agricultural Land Use and Intensification -- 3.1 Drivers of Land-Use Changes -- 3.2 Drivers of Agricultural Intensification -- 4 Socio-Economic and Environmental Trade-Offs -- 5 Measures for Easing the Pressure on Land -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Sustainable Land Management Paradigm: Harnessing Technologies for Nutrient and Water Management in the Great Lakes Region of Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Land Management: Definition and Pillars -- 3 Land Degradation Impacts and Solutions Relevant in Water and Nutrient Management for Sustainable Land Management -- 4 Practices and Technologies for Sustainable Nutrient Management and Soil-Water Conservation -- 5 Technologies for Sustainable Nutrient Management -- 6 Physical, Biological and Agronomic Technologies for Soil and Water Conservation. , 7 Integrating Soil Water and Nutrient Management Technologies -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Novel Climate Smart Water and Nutrient Conservation Technologies for Optimizing Productivity of Marginal Coarse-Textured Soils -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Smart Soil Water and Nutrient Conservation Technologies for Rainfed Agriculture -- 2.1 Biological Techniques -- 2.2 Physical Techniques for Conserving Water and Nutrients Endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa -- 2.3 Novel Double-Dug Beds for Coupling Soil Subsurface Water and Nutrient Retention -- 2.3.1 Case Study in Uganda -- 2.4 Integration of Methods -- 2.4.1 Agroforestry -- 2.4.2 Integration of Cropping with Livestock and Fisheries -- 3 Conclusion -- 4 Research Imperatives -- References -- 14 Rural Land-Use Planning and Livelihood Dynamics in Post-2000 Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 The Impact of the Triple Challenges of Climate Change, Economic Stress and Urbanisation -- 5 Rural Development and Practice in Zimbabwe Since 2000 -- 5.1 Evidence from Gokwe Rural District -- 5.2 Evidence from Nkayi Rural District -- 5.3 Evidence from Chipinge Rural District -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 15 Identity and Environment: Historical Trajectories of 'Traditional' Communities in the Protection of the Brazilian Amazon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Unpacking the Language: "Traditional Communities" -- 3 Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon -- 4 Amazonian Riverine Communities -- 5 Quilombolas Communities -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 16 Understanding and Defining Pathways for Ecosystems Services Decision Making, Sustainability and Livelihoods of Rural Communities of the Mozambique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 The Case Study Area -- 2.2 Data Collection and Survey Design -- 2.3 Data Analysis. , 3 Results -- 3.1 Characterisation of Respondents -- 3.2 Socioeconomic and Well-Being Characterisation of the Communities -- 3.3 Ecosystem Services Benefits and Sustainability, Perceptions, and Values -- 3.4 Ecosystem Services Perception: Pearson's Chi-Squared Test Result -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- References -- 17 Addressing Rural Community's Risk Perceptions, Vulnerability, and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Mozambique, Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Sampling and Data Collection -- 2.3 Data Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Characterisation and Profile of Rural Communities (Respondents) -- 3.2 Analysis of Exposure -- 3.2.1 Occurrence of Extreme Climate Events -- 3.2.2 Forest Cover Change -- 3.2.3 Rainfall Variability -- 3.2.4 Adaptive Capacity -- 3.2.5 Perception of Climate Change and Climate Extremes Events -- 3.2.6 Local Adaptation Strategies -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Exposure, Sensitivity, Risks and Perception of Rural Communities on Climate Change and Climate Extreme Events -- 4.2 Adaptation Strategies and Implications for Adaptation Planning -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Supplementary Information -- References -- 18 Adaptive Management as a Vehicle to Achieve Sustainability of Boreal Forests: A Historical Review from Fennoscandia to Minnesota -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Forest Management in Sweden and Finland in the Nineteenth Century -- 3.2 Twentieth and Twenty First Century: Changing Values and Climate -- 3.3 Management of Boreal Forests in Minnesota -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Environmental Issues and Urban Expansion-A Study of the Atibaia River Basin in São Paulo, Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Urbanization and Socio-Environmental Issues -- 3 Study Area -- 4 Methods -- 5 Results and Discussion. , 6 Final Considerations.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Sustainability-Based Approach and Methods -- Moving Towards Sustainable Agriculture Through Higher Education -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Sustainable Agriculture -- 2.2 Agriculture and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals -- 2.3 Education for Sustainable Development and Adult Education: Role in Agriculture -- 2.4 Agriculture in Malta -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Challenges in Farming -- 4.2 Impacts of Farming on the Environment -- 4.3 Indigenous Farming Knowledge -- 4.4 A Sustainable Farming Future -- 4.5 Education for Sustainable Development and Farming -- 4.6 Discussion on Main Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Balancing Sustainable Livelihoods and Conservation in the Marine Environment -- 1 Introduction to MPA Management and People's Livelihoods -- 2 Livelihoods and the Local Context -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Main Themes -- 4.2 Discussion and from the Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Data -- 5 Recommendations -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Linking Biodiversity and Human Health to Achieve Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Maltese Context -- 2.1 The Maltese Environment and Biodiversity -- 2.2 Pollution and Health -- 2.3 Effects of Biodiversity on Human Health and Well-Being -- 2.4 Biodiversity, Stress and Mental Health -- 2.5 Biodiversity and Physical Health -- 2.6 Ecosystem Services -- 2.7 Loss of Human-Nature Connection -- 2.8 Sustainable Exploitation -- 2.9 Humans and Their Perceptions of Nature -- 2.10 Research Gaps Identified -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 The Interviews -- 3.2 Data Analysis -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Assessment of Study Findings -- 6 The Influence-Process-Action Model -- 7 Recommendations -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Understanding Scale in Wicked Problems of Sustainable Development: Who Needs Dedicated Courses in Higher Education?. , 1 Introduction -- 2 The Meaning of Scale -- 3 A Classification of Work Assignments -- 4 Learning to Solve a Complex Problem -- 5 Creating a Hierarchy of Problems -- 6 Using Scale in Assignments-Examples from Different Disciplines -- 7 Conclusion-Whom to Teach About Scale -- References -- Presenting an Interdisciplinary Teaching Approach to Involve University Students in Issues of Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Concept of the Course -- 3 Feedback and Evaluation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Methods of Transdisciplinary Collaboration Within Sustainable Research and Development Projects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Description of Approaches for Transdisciplinary Research and Development -- 3 Application of the TDR Approaches in the Field of Climate Adaptation -- 3.1 Climate Adaptation as a Case Study -- 3.2 TDR Methods Applied in Three Projects Aimed at Climate Change Adaptation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Universities as 'Global Citizens': Reflections and Learning from a Project on Female Leadership for Sustainable Development of Fishing Communities in Colombia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Project Background -- 2.1 Project on Sustainable Development and Women's Leadership -- 2.2 Community Based Participatory Research -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Analysis of Power Relations (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical) -- 4.2 Agency -- 4.3 Identity -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- 5.1 Agency and Identity and Their Links to Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Power Relations -- 5.2 The Role of HE as Global Citizen, Considerations and Potential Impact -- References -- Geography of Food Summer School: International Exchange for Sustainable Food Value Chains -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Geography of Food Education Programme -- 2.1 Background and Goals -- 2.2 Educational Concept -- 2.3 Course Phases and Content. , 2.4 Integration of Key Educational Elements into Course Phases -- 3 Experiences and Learnings -- 3.1 Implementation -- 3.2 Evaluation -- 3.3 Quality Assessment -- 4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- The Role of Higher Education Stakeholder Networks for Sustainable Development: A Systems Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stakeholder Networks as Drivers of Sustainable Development Implementation in Higher Education Institutions -- 3 Systems Thinking, Analysis and Assessment of Stakeholders' Networks in HEIs -- 3.1 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) a Way of Enquiring About Complexity -- 3.2 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM): Managing and Controlling the Transformation Process -- 3.3 Measuring the Performance of a System with SSM: CATWOE, the Transformation Process and the Three 'Es': Efficacy, Efficiency and Effectiveness -- 3.4 Assessing the Performance of Stakeholder's Network: A Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) Model -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Corporate Sustainability Benchmarking in Academia: Green Campus, Living Labs, Socioeconomic and Socioenvironmental Initiatives in Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Climate Change -- 1.2 Green Campuses -- 1.3 Living Labs -- 1.4 Economic and Socioenvironmental Sustainability Initiatives -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Themes -- 2.2 Indicators -- 2.3 Obtaining Information -- 2.4 Selecting the Reference Universities -- 2.5 Selecting the Universities in Santa Catarina -- 3 Profile of the Selected Universities -- 3.1 European and North American Campuses (EACs) -- 3.2 Santa Catarina Campuses (SCCs) -- 4 Corporate Sustainbility Bench Marking -- 4.1 Green Campus -- 4.2 Living Labs -- 4.3 Economic and Socioenvironmental Sustainability for Society Initiatives -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , What About the Human Side of Climate-Induced Migration? The Role of Universities in Improving Refugees' Wellbeing by Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Climate Change-Induced Migration, the Climate Refugees -- 2.2 Universities for the Sustainable Development Goals: Assisting the Climate Refugees -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results and Discussions: The Contributions of Universities to Implement the Sustainable Development Goals for Climate Refugees -- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Critical Thinking, Moral Courage, and Sustainable Development Goals. Universities as a Driving Force for Societal Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Critical Thinking and Courage as Hallmarks of Higher Education -- 3 The Purpose of the University. Sustainability as the Teleological, Greater Good -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Sustainable Development: An Analysis Based on Conference Papers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Method -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Citations Analysis from Conference Papers on Sustainable Development -- 4.2 Case Study of One International Conference in Brazil -- 4.3 Relevance for Society and Implementation of the SDGs -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Strategic Planning for a Sustainable Development Centre Using the Balanced Scorecard -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Reference -- 2.1 Balanced ScoreCard-BSC, Perspectives and Premises -- 2.2 BSC and Its Relationship to the Strategic Map -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 BSC Greens Group: The Strategic Map -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Drawing Sustainability: Helping Students to Know What They Know -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Role of Business Schools in Education for Sustainability -- 3 The Importance on Learning Recognition -- 4 The Value of Drawing -- 5 Drawing Sustainability as a Learning Activity. , 6 Research Process -- 7 Results -- 7.1 Drawing Sustainability as a Tool to Benchmark Students' Knowledge -- 7.2 Recognition of Learning Through Drawing Sustainability -- 7.3 Other Learning Outcomes Recognised -- 8 Drawing Sustainability and Indicators of Learning -- 9 Impacts and Implications of Drawing Sustainability -- 10 Limitations Recognised in This Research -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- We Can Only Do It Together: Addressing Global Sustainability Challenges Through a Collaborative Paradigm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Role of Higher Education in Addressing Global Challenges -- 3 Blueprint for a New Paradigm in HEIs -- 4 Knowledge and Policy-Which Knowledge Is Needed in a Time of Systemic Shifts? -- 5 Limits to and Risks with the "Technological" Approach -- 6 Particular Challenges for Universities -- 7 Why Do We Need Agile Learning Organisations in Higher Education? -- 8 A Role for the SDGs in Higher Education? -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Change Project Approach for Reorienting University Teaching Towards the Implementation of Sustainability Principles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Change Project Approach (CPA) as a Response to Socio-Economic Challenges of Sustainable Development -- 2.1 Change Project Action Research Cycle and Stages -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Materials: Description of Cases -- 3.2 Methods: Case Study Analysis and Value Creation Conceptual Framework -- 4 Results and Discussion on CPA Case Study Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- Annex: Change Project Value Creation Stories -- References -- Case Studies on Sustainable Development at Universities -- Education for Sustainable Development: A University Perspective -- 1 Introduction: Sustainable Development on the Political Agenda of Latvia -- 2 Sustainability and Universities -- 3 New Concepts-New Challenges -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , Students' Perception of Campus Sustainability in a Brazilian University.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Sustainable Development -- The Role of Indigenous Communities of Practice in Fostering Community Engagement and Partnerships for Sustainable Development in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Communities of Practice (CoPs) and Their Role in Community Engagement and Partnerships -- 3 The Link Between Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and Sustainable Development -- 4 Indigenous Communities of Practice (iCoPs) as a Catalyst for Meaningful Community Engagement and Partnerships -- 5 Methodological Approach -- 6 Background and Context of the Two Identified iCoPs -- 7 Emerging Themes from Interviews -- 7.1 Meaning of Community Engagement (CE) -- 7.2 Sustaining Community Engagement and Partnerships Through Collaboration -- 7.3 Dialogue as a Way to Foster Community Engagement and Partnerships for Sustainable Development -- 7.4 Cultural Protocols as a Vital Aspect of CE and Partnerships -- 7.5 Language as a Key Element for Fostering Sustainable Development -- 8 Discussion and Implications for Sustainable Development -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Fostering University Contribution Towards Sustainable Development: The Instrumentality of Indigenous Knowledge System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Engaging Indigenous Knowledge (IK) for Sustainable Development -- 3 Contextual Background -- 4 Findings -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Relevance of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Sustaining Agriculture Under Smallholder Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indigenous Knowledge and Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture and Development -- 3 Indigenous Knowledge Systems as a Key Driver of Resilience and Sustainability in Smallholder Agriculture of SSA -- 3.1 Labour and Capital -- 3.2 Land -- 3.3 Indigenous Managerial Skills in Crop and Livestock Production. , 3.4 Indigenous Nutrient Cycling and Soil Fertility Maintenance Strategies -- 3.5 Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation (ISWC) as a Strategy of Sustainable Land Management -- 3.6 Indigenous Irrigation Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa Agriculture -- 3.7 Indigenous Pest Management Approaches -- 4 Contribution of Indigenous Plant and Animal Genetic Resources to Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in Smallholder Farming Systems of SSA -- 4.1 Indigenous Food Crops as Components of Food Systems and Sustainable Smallholder Farming in SSA -- 4.2 Role of African Indigenous Vegetables (AIV) in Small Scale Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture -- 4.3 Indigenous Livestock and Their Role on the Sustainability of Smallholder Farming -- 5 The Power of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Strengthening the Resilience of Smallholder Farming to Climate Change and Variability -- 6 African Indigenous Practices and Technologies of Post-Harvest Food Storage and Processing Enhance Household Food and Nutrition Security -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Women's Economic Empowerment for Sustainable Development through Indigenous Basket and Mat Weaving in Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Women's Economic Empowerment and Sustainable Development -- 3 Addressing Women's Economic Empowerment -- 4 Non-formal Education and Informal Sector Employment -- 5 Theoretical Framework -- 6 Sample and Sampling Procedure -- 7 Methodology -- 8 Findings and Discussion -- 9 Non-formal Training of Indigenous Basket and Mat Weavers -- 10 Income Generation and Poverty Alleviation through Basket and Mat Weaving -- 11 Conclusion -- 12 Recommendations -- References -- The Role of Indigenous Social Protection Systems in the Sustainable Development of Contemporary African Communities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Social Risk Management Framework -- 3 Indigenous Social Protection and Risk Management. , 3.1 Preventive Strategies: Age Grades -- 3.2 Mitigation Strategies - Rotating Savings and Credit Associations -- 3.3 Coping Strategies - Burial Societies -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Quality Education Through Self-directed Multimodal Learning, for Open Indigenous Knowledge Co-creation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Development and Education in Africa -- 3 Self-directed Multimodal Learning -- 3.1 Self-directed Learning and Lifelong Learning -- 3.2 From Multimodality to Multimodal Learning -- 4 Open Education -- 4.1 Open Educational Resources -- 4.2 Open Educational Resources and Sustainability -- 5 Indigenous Knowledge in Education -- 6 Fostering Sustainable Development in Education Through Self-directed Multimodal Learning for Open Indigenous Knowledge Co-creation -- 7 Recommendations -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Integrating Indigenous Knowledge on Environmental Management Practices in the Teaching of Geography in Secondary Schools: A Case of Chimanimani Community in Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background to the Study -- 2.1 Colonial Influences on Education and Environmental Sustainability -- 2.2 International Conventions and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 2.3 Indigenous Methods on Sustainable Resource Management -- 2.4 Edward Said's Post-Colonial Theory -- 3 Statement of the Problem -- 4 Research Questions -- 5 Methodology -- 5.1 Research Design -- 5.2 Data Generation and Sampling Methods -- 5.3 Data Presentation and Analysis -- 5.4 Ethical Issues -- 6 Findings and Discussion -- 6.1 Indigenous Environmental Management Practices on Plant Species -- 6.2 Indigenous Environmental Practices on Animal Species -- 6.3 Indigenous Environmental Practices on Land Resources -- 6.4 Indigenous Environmental Practices on Weather and Climate Changes. , 6.5 Integrating IK on Environmental Management Practices with the Form 1-4 Geography Syllabus (2015-2022) -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Sustainable Future for Early Childhood: Applying the African Ubuntu Philosophy to Contribute to the Holistic Development of Young Children -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Education for Sustainability in Early Childhood -- 3 Embedding Holistic Development in Ubuntu -- 3.1 Human Worth in Communal Relationships -- 3.2 Relationship Circle -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Educational Institutions, Approaches and Innovations -- Transdisciplinary Education: Enabling the Sustainable Development Goals Using the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 1 Concept of Inequality -- 2 Research Context -- 3 Exploring the Constructs of Inequality -- 4 Exploring the Opportunity for Quality Education (SDG 4) to Reduce Inequality (SDG 10) -- 5 Transdisciplinary Methodologies to Accelerate Achieving SDGs -- 6 Accelerating the Attainment of the SDGs in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Straddling the Divide: A Framework for Digital Skills Education in Support of Both the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Fourth Industrial Revolution in South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining a Set of Consolidated Digital Skills for SDG and 4IR -- 3 Educational Implications of the Proposed Digital Skills Framework -- 3.1 Considerations Related to Scholarly Discourses on Digital Skills Education -- 3.2 SDG Education Implications -- 3.3 4IR Education Considerations -- 3.4 Implications for Digital Skills Education South Africa -- 4 Example: Digital Skills Education in South Africa Through NEMISA -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Case Study: Higher Education and the Education for Sustainable Development in Africa (ESDA) Program -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). , 3 Methodology -- 4 Education for Sustainable Development in Africa (ESDA) Academic Programs -- 4.1 Sustainable Urban Development (SUD) Programme -- 4.2 Sustainable Integrated Rural Development in Africa (SIRDA) Program -- 4.3 Mining and Mineral Resources (MMR) Program -- 5 The Next Generation Researchers (NGRs) Project -- 6 ESDA Sustainable Development Workshops -- 7 Key Lessons -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The Challenges and Opportunities for Climate Change Education at Makerere University in Kampala Uganda -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Approach and Design -- 2.2 Sample Size and Sampling Procedures -- 2.3 Data Collection -- 2.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 2.5 Ethical Considerations -- 3 Key Findings -- 3.1 The Study Context -- 3.2 Empirical Findings Regarding Challenges for Climate Change Education at Makerere University -- 3.3 Empirical Findings Regarding Opportunities for Climate Change Education at Makerere University -- 4 Discussion of Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Possibilities of Translanguaging Pedagogy for Sustainable Education in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Practices of the Language of Instruction in Education -- 3 Translanguaging: The Concept -- 4 The Study -- 4.1 Participants -- 4.2 Data Collection -- 5 Findings -- 5.1 Reasons for Language Shift -- 5.2 Benefits of Translanguaging -- 5.3 Challenges with Translanguaging -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Reasons for Language Shift -- 6.2 Benefits of Translanguaging Pedagogy -- 6.3 Limitations of Translanguaging Pedagogy -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Development Through the Lens of Partnerships for Inclusive Education in Africa: A Case Study from North West Province, South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical Framework -- 2 Sustainable Development (SD) -- 3 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 4 Quality Education - SDG 4. , 5 Partnerships and Inclusive Education.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Principles, Philisophy and Applications of Climate Services -- 1 Introducing Climate Services and Their Applications -- Introduction -- Experiences from This Book -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 BASIEC: A Coastal Climate Service Framework for Community-Based Adaptation to Rising Sea-Levels -- Introduction -- Rationale and Guiding Principle -- BASIEC Framework -- SLR Risk Information -- SLR Risk Communication -- SLR Risk Education -- SWOT Analysis of the BASIEC Framework -- Application of the BASIEC Framework -- Limitation and Scope of the BASIEC Framework -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Farms and Its Contribution to Global Warming -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Description of the Study Area -- The Nitrogen Cycle and the LEACHN Model -- Model Input Data Collection and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Laboratory Results -- Modelling Results: N2O Emissions Through Denitrification -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Business Strategies and Climate Change-Prototype Development and Testing of a User Specific Climate Service Product for Companies -- Introduction -- Methodological Approach -- Development of the "Company Analysis Tool" -- Structure and Content of the "Company Analysis Tool" -- Cooperation with Companies -- Results -- Recommendations for Action How to Integrate Climate Change into Business Strategies -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Why There Is More to Adaptation Than Creating a Strategy -- Introduction -- The Specific Adaptation Environment in Urban Areas -- The "GERICS Adaptation Toolkit for Cities" ("GERICS-Stadtbaukasten") -- The Working Process -- Starting Point: Regional and Local Climate Information -- Communication Is Key -- Example: The Adaptation Challenge Thermal Comfort -- Example: The Adaptation Challenge Urban Flooding. , The Role of Climate Services and Further Needs for Research -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 COREDAR: A Coastal Climate Service Framework on Sea-Level Rise Risk Communication for Adaptation Policy Planning -- Introduction -- Need for a Coastal Climate Service Framework on Sea-Level Rise Risk Communication for Adaptation Policy Planning and Decision-Making -- Methodological Approach -- COREDAR: A Coastal Climate Service Framework on Sea-Level Rise Risk Communication for Adaptation Policy Planning and Decision-Making -- Architecture of the Framework -- Stepwise Approach of the Framework -- Limitations and Scope -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 What Do Users Expect from Climate Adaptation Services? Developing an Information Platform Based on User Surveys -- Introduction -- Climate Adaptation Services -- Literature Review: Awareness and Use of Climate Services -- Literature Review: Involving Users in the Development of Climate Services -- Methodologic Approach for Identifying User Needs for Climate Adaptation Services -- Results: Identified User Needs for Climate Adaptation Services -- Background of Potential Users -- Awareness and Usage of Climate Adaptation Services -- Further Needs for Climate Adaptation Services -- Requirements for Climate Adaptation Services -- Presentation on a Web Portal -- Barriers to Climate Adaptation -- Networking and Continued Exchange Among Users and Providers -- Developing the Climate Preparedness Portal Based on Identified User Needs -- Structure, Quality and Synthesized Content of the KLiVO Portal -- Gap Analysis on Provided Services -- Continuous Exchange Between Users and Providers -- Conclusions: How to Develop User-Friendly Climate Services -- References -- 8 Physical Climate Risks and the Financial Sector-Synthesis of Investors' Climate Information Needs -- Introduction -- Overview of Investor Approaches. , Case Studies -- France -- Country-Specific Context: France -- User Needs -- The Netherlands -- Country-Specific Context: The Netherlands -- User Needs -- Norway -- Country-Specific Context: Norway -- User Needs -- Key Climate Information Needs of Investors -- Risk Awareness -- Risk Analysis -- Risk Management -- Conclusion and Way Forward -- References -- 9 Public-Private Cooperation for Climate Adaptation-Providing Insurance Loss Data to the Municipalities -- Introduction -- Responding to Climate Change -- Insurance Loss Data as Part of Climate Services for the Municipalities -- Compilation of Three Studies on Insurance Loss Data -- Aims and Limitations -- Empirical Background and Existing Research -- Insurance in Norway -- Insurance Loss Data in European Climate Policies -- Existing Research and Experience on Public Access to Private Insurance Loss Data -- Insurance Loss Data as a Climate Service -- Environmental Psychology Contributes to Explain Efforts Towards Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation -- Methods Applied in the Three Referred Studies -- Study 1-Pilot Project About Testing of Loss Data from the Insurance Industry for an Evaluation of Climate Change Vulnerability and Prevention of Climate Related Natural Hazards in Selected Municipalities -- Study 2-Status and Possibilities in the Use of Loss Data in the Work with Climate Change Adaptation -- Study 3-Attitudes in Norwegian Insurance Companies Towards Sharing Loss Data -- Results -- Study 1-Pilot Project About Testing of Loss Data from the Insurance Industry for an Evaluation of Climate Vulnerability -- Study 2-Status and Possibilities in the Use of Loss Data in the Work with Climate Change Adaption -- Study 3-Attitudes in Norwegian Insurance Companies Towards Sharing Loss Data -- Discussion and Conclusions -- Summary of the Main Findings -- Discussion of the Findings and Consequences. , Practical Arrangements of Sharing of Insurance Loss Data -- Constrains of the Research and Further Research -- References -- 10 Evaluation of Climate Services: Enabling Users to Assess the Quality of Multi-model Climate Projections and Derived Products -- Introduction -- Collecting the Missing Pieces: The Survey -- Typical User Profiles -- Outcome of the Survey: Guidance Needed on Evaluation of Quality of Climate Data -- Evaluation of Quality of Climate Data and Derived Products -- QUACK-Quality Assurance Checklist Tool -- Benefits of QUACK -- Limitations -- Transferability -- Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 11 The Need for Science-Based Information.A Requirement for Top-Downand Bottom-up Decision-MakingProcesses -- 12 Provision of Climate Services-The XDC Model -- Requirements for Methods That Measure Climate Impact -- XDC Model -- Familiar Concept: Science Based Targets -- XDC Model Output: Standard XDC and Scenario Based XDC -- XDC Model: Input Data Needed -- Basic Steps of Processing -- Step 1: Economic Emission Intensity (EEI) of the Company -- Step 2: Global Emissions -- Step 3: Climate Performance -- Example 1: Calculation of the Standard XDC for Enel S.P.A. -- Example 2: Calculation of a Scenario Based XDC for Enel S.P.A. -- Contextualisation of XDC Results -- Example 3: Target XDC Calculation -- Strategy Development for Transitioning Towards a < -- 2 °C-World -- 2 °C-Compatible Emission Reduction Pathway -- Example 4: Defining a 2 °C-Compatible Reduction Pathway -- Example 5: Assessment of Climate Mitigation Activities -- Evaluation of the XDC Model Against Requirements as Set Above -- Outlook -- References -- Case Studies on Climate Services -- 13 Climatological Global Solar UV Index: Measurement and Health Issues in Malta -- Introduction -- The Current Maltese Scenario and the Aims of This Study -- UVR Measurements and Forecasts. , UVR Measurements Using Ground Based Instruments -- UVI Calculations Using BFRs -- UVR Estimation Methods -- Correspondence Between Forecast and UVER Data -- Forecast UVI Data -- Measurement of UVE Data -- Comparison Between Forecast UVI and UVER Data -- Awareness, Knowledge and Behaviour in Relation to UVI and Sun Protection -- Awareness and Impact of UVI Forecasts -- Preferred Sources by which UVI Forecasts are Communicated to the General Public -- Preferred Sources by which High UVI Alerts are Communicated to the General Public -- Knowledge in Relation to the Negative Impacts of Excessive Sun Exposure -- Use of Recommended Sun Protection Items During Summer -- Gaps Between Sun Protection Knowledge and Behaviour -- Long Term Trends in the Incidence of Skin Cancer in Malta -- Shortcomings of the Current UVI Concept and Recommendations for an Improved UVI Concept at Global Level -- The UVI Concept Is not Clear Enough and Can Be Confusing -- UVI Presentation Is Inadequate and Ineffective -- UVI Is not Being Promoted Enough -- UVI Promotion Should Be Part of Larger Sun Protection Initiative -- Recommendations for a More Effective Use of the UVI Tool Under a Climate Change Scenario -- Recommendations for a More Clearly Communicable UVI Concept -- Recommendations for Improved Local Sun Protection Campaigns -- Recommendations to Introduce Climatological UVER Data by the National Meteorological Office -- Recommendations Regarding the Increasing Trends of Skin Cancer in Malta Under a Climate Change Scenario -- Future Prospects -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Climate Change Risk and Insurance as an Adaptation Strategy: An Enquiry into the Regulatory Framework of South Africa and Ghana -- Introduction -- Insurance as a Climate Risk Adaptation Strategy in Developing Countries. , Climate Change Risks, Adaptation and Insurance: Policy Responses and Emerging Strategies from South Africa and Ghana.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Climate Risks, Adaptation and Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia -- Introduction -- Climate Risks and Factors Contributing to Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia -- Study Area, Data, and Methodology -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Climate Risks Experienced in Past 10 Years -- Descriptive Statistics -- Factors Determining Climate Adaptation by Farmers -- Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 2 Climate Modeling, Drought Risk Assessment and Adaptation Strategies in the Western Part of Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Data and Methods -- Selection of Study Area -- Data Sources -- Missing Data Estimation -- Trend Analysis Methods -- Prediction of Climate Variables -- Modeling Agricultural Drought Using Markov Chain -- Drought Proneness Index -- Drought Hazard Index (DHI) Calculation -- Calculation and Classification of Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) -- Index of Drought Risk (DRI) -- Interpolation with GIS -- Results and Discussions -- Descriptive Statistics of Rainfall and Temperature -- Analysis of Mean Annual Rainfall -- Analysis of Mean Annual Rainfall in the Cropping Season -- Analysis of Mean Annual Temperature -- Analysis of Mean Annual Temperature in the Cropping Season -- Prediction of Annual Mean Temperature Using the ARIMA Model -- Agricultural Drought Modeling Using Markov Chain -- Spatial Distribution of the Seasonal Probability of Dry and Wet Weeks -- Seasonal Characteristics of DI Indices -- The Trend in Drought Index (DI) in Kharif Season -- The Trend in Drought Index (DI) in Pre-Kharif Season -- Annual Occurrences of Agricultural Drought -- Drought Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Analysis -- Drought Hazard Index and Hazard Map -- Drought Susceptibility of Socio-economic and Physical Indicators -- Population Density. , Female to Male Ratio -- Literacy Rate -- People Reliant on Agriculture -- Irrigated Land to Cultivable Land -- Crop Production -- Drought Susceptibility -- Drought Risk -- Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 3 Contextualizing Resilience Amidst Rapid Urbanization in Kenya Through Rural-Urban Linkages -- Introduction -- Rural-Urban Linkages and Climate Change -- Linear and Non-linear Linkages in the Rural-Urban Context -- Climate Change as a Threat-Multiplier -- Methods -- The Study Area -- Data Collection and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Anchorage of Rural-Urban Linkages in Kenya -- Status of the Road to Resilience in Kenya -- Conclusions and Policy Implications -- Pathways to Improved Resilience -- Policy Implications -- References -- 4 Modeling and Forecasting Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Fluctuations in Northwest Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Research Problem -- Objective of the Study -- Methods and Materials -- Study Area and Data Collection -- NARX Model Architecture -- Normalization -- Training Algorithms -- Data Preprocessing -- Evaluation of Performance -- Data Analysis and Discussion -- Trend of Annual Average Maximum Temperature -- Yearly Average Min Temperature Trend -- Yearly Mean Temperature Trend -- Yearly Mean Rainfall Trend -- Trend of Yearly Average Relative Humidity (%) -- Interaction of Climatic Indicators in Northwest Bangladesh -- Groundwater Table Depth: Temporal Analysis -- Modeling Results -- Major Findings -- Conclusions -- Recommended Policy -- References -- 5 Modeling Household Socio-Economic Vulnerability to Natural Disaster in Teesta Basin, Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Methodology -- Study Area Description -- Techniques of Data Collection -- Indicators and Factors of the Study for SeVI -- Calculation Procedure of SeVI Model -- Calculation Procedure of IPCC-SeVI. , Results -- Adaptive Capacity Index of the Study Area -- Exposure Index of the Study Area -- Sensitivity Index of the Study Area -- IPCC-SeVI of the Study Area -- Overall and HHs SeVI Score -- Benefits of SeVI and IPCC-SeVI Approaches -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- 6 Post-cyclone Occupational Vulnerabilities of Farmers in South-West Coastal Region of Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Methods -- Design -- Study Area -- Sampling and Participants -- Data Collection Tools and Data Collection -- Data Analysis -- Ethical Consideration -- Results and Discussion -- Theme 1: Pre-Cyclone Occupational Situation and Impact of Cyclone -- Theme 2: Post-Cyclone Occupational Vulnerabilities by Waterlogging and Salinity Intrusion -- Theme 3: Post-Cyclone Occupational Vulnerabilities: Sand Falling, Crisis of Irrigation Water and Loan Debt -- Theme 4: Impact of Occupational Vulnerabilities on Life and Adaptation to Climate Change -- Theme 5: Solution to Reduce Vulnerabilities -- Discussion -- Conclusion and Policy Recommendation -- References -- 7 Modeling of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Its Impact on Economic Growth of SAARC Countries -- Introduction -- Objectives of the Research -- Data and Method -- Data Source -- Time Series Models and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Agriculture and Climate Change in Nepal: GHG Emissions, Mitigation, Indications of Climate Change, Impact on Agriculture, Adaptation, and Co-benefits -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Emissions of Greenhouse Gases -- Climate Change Mitigation from Agriculture and Forestry in Nepal -- Climate Change Indications and Impact on Agriculture -- Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture Sector in Nepal -- Co-benefits Leading to Resilient Agriculture System -- Conclusion -- References. , 9 Vulnerability, Food Security and Adaptation to Climate Change of Coastal Rice Farmers in Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Description of the Study Area -- Sampling and Data Collection -- Measurement of Variables and Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Livelihood Status and Institutional Accessibility -- Farmers' Perception About Vulnerabilities -- Food Security Status -- Coping Strategies -- Adaptation Strategies of Farmers -- Conclusion and Policy Implication -- References -- 10 What Influence Evacuation Decisions at Cyclone Shelters? Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Socio-demographic Profile of the Respondents -- Changes in Settlement Pattern and the Cyclone Shelters in the Last 20 years -- Establishment of a Cyclone Shelter -- Spatial Distribution of Cyclone Shelters -- Factors that Influence Evacuation Decisions -- Impact of Factors on Evacuation Decisions -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Assessment of Structural Weakness of Government Response to Natural Hazards -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Methodology -- Geographical Features of the Study Areas -- Population and Sample -- Sampling Technique -- Data Collection -- Approaches to Analysis -- Data Processing -- Results and Discussion -- Governance Issues in Char Areas -- Status of Institutional Response -- Public Perception and Institutional Response to Flood Control -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Ensemble Technique for Predicting Rainfall of Drought Vulnerability of Barind Track in Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Review of Literature -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Framework of the Study -- Sources of Data -- Data Preparation -- Modeling -- Model Evaluation -- Calculate Drought Index Based on Forecasted Data -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusions. , References -- 13 Riverbank Erosions, Coping Strategies, and Resilience Thinking of the Lower-Meghna River Basin Community, Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Resilience to Natural Hazards and Disasters -- Resilience Thinking -- Community Resilience -- Methods -- Study Area -- Results -- Impacts of Riverbank Erosions -- Coping Strategies and Responses to Riverbank Erosions -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 14 Understanding the Climatic and Non-climatic Drivers of Livelihood Vulnerability in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Data Collection Approach and Methods -- Data Analysis Techniques -- Results and Discussion -- Identifying the Factors that Influence Livelihood Vulnerability -- Comparing the Importance of Stressors that Influence Livelihood Vulnerability -- Comparing the Importance of Livelihood Vulnerability Factors Across Villages -- The Impacts of Climatic Factors on Farmers' Lives and Livelihoods -- The Impacts of Non-climatic Factors on Farmers' Lives and Livelihoods -- Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 15 Drivers of Vulnerability and Its Socio-economic Consequences: An Example of River Erosion Affected People in Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Research Context -- Review of Literature -- Methodology -- Research Context and Location -- Research Approach -- Research Method -- Data Collection Methods and Data Collection Instruments -- Sampling and Respondents -- Respondents' Profile -- Data Analysis Techniques -- Research Ethics -- Results -- Physical Vulnerability -- Economic Vulnerability -- Social Vulnerability -- Psychological Vulnerability -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 Analyzing Influential Factors to Flood Resilience in the Northern Flood- Prone Rural Areas of Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Data Collection. , Data Analysis and Visualization.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Gradual Transition to Innovative Development -- The Hybrid Innovation System Principles for Resilient Innovative Growth -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Kaliningrad Urban Agglomeration -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Development of the Transport System -- 4.2 Development of an Information and Communication System -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Energy Development Alternatives-From Global to Local Scale -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Values of Hydrocarbon and Alternative Energy -- 4 Traditional Assessment Approaches -- 5 Innovative Ways of Using Bioenergy -- 6 New Opportunities: International Cooperation -- 7 Geoenergy Balance: From Ideas to Constructive Proposals -- 8 Energy Potential of Society -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Urban Green Innovation Ecosystem to Improve the Environmental Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Green Innovation and Environmental Sustainability -- 2.1 Social Innovation -- 2.2 Niche Innovation -- 2.3 Incremental Innovation -- 2.4 Radical Innovation -- 2.5 Urban Innovation Ecosystem -- 3 The Importance of Innovation at Local Government -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Social Innovation for Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Concept of Social Innovation and Its Classification -- 3 Social Innovation and Sustainable Development Goals -- 4 The Measurements of Social Innovation -- 5 Methodology -- 5.1 The Data Set and Variables -- 5.2 Empirical Methodology -- 6 Results and Analysis -- 6.1 Descriptive Analysis -- 6.2 Results -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Transformational Transition of Sustainable Development Based on Circular Green Economy. An Analysis Based on the Theory of Resources and Capabilities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Green Economy, Green Growth and Sustainable Development -- 3 Green Economy Principles. , 4 Transformational Transition of Green Economy -- 5 Circular Economy (CE) -- 6 Conceptual Background -- 6.1 Strategy -- 6.2 Sustainability -- 6.3 Competitive Advantage -- 7 Theoretical Background -- 8 Research Methods -- 9 Analysis of Results -- 9.1 VRIO Analysis (Table) -- 9.2 VRIO Analysis (By Concept) -- 10 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- The Ecosystem Approach to Assessing the Quality of the Urban Environment and Managing Urban Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Ecological and Economic Approaches to the Formation of Urbanized Territories -- 4.2 Conditions that Determine the Effectiveness of the Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development at the City Level -- 4.3 The City as a Dynamic Ecological-Economic System -- 4.4 An Ecosystem Approach to the Management of Urban Development -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Continuity of Technologies in Education, Science and Industry -- The Next Steps for the Baltic Universities' Cooperation in Accordance with the Development of Education and the Upbringing of Students -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Methodology -- 3 Geography for SD -- 4 Students' and Scholars' Visions -- 5 Collaboration and Combined Effects of ESD -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Continuing Education at Faculty of Geography (Lomonosov Moscow State University): Trend for Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Education -- 3 Methodological Concept -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The Culture of Learning in Organisations: What is the Current Perspective for Sustainable Development? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review (1): Perspectives for a Learning Culture within the Organisation -- 3 Literature Review (2): Motivation to Learn in the Organisation -- 4 Methodological Route. , 5 Empirical Works (1): Learning and Organisational Performance in Practice: Empirical Work in Corporate Organisations -- 6 Empirical Works (2): The Cameron and Quinn Model of Organisational Culture: Application to Higher Education Institutions -- 7 Discussion -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Interplay of Traditions and Innovations in Teaching Sustainability Issues: National and Global Discourses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Challenges for the Higher Education -- 3 Conceptual Framework for Introducing Innovations -- 3.1 Innovation Versus Traditions: National and Global Discourses -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Research Findings -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Towards a More Sustainable Transport Future-The Cases of Ferry Shipping Electrification in Denmark, Netherland, Norway and Sweden -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 City Ferry-Amsterdam (IJ Ferries 60 and 61) -- 3.2 Fjord Ferry-Sognefjord (MV Ampere) -- 3.3 Coastal Ferry-Søby-Fynshav and Søby-Faaborg (EF Ellen) -- 3.4 Coastal Ferry-Helsingor-Helsingborg (MF Tycho Brache and MF Aurora Af Helsingborg) -- 4 The Main Drivers of Ferry Shipping Electrification-A Summary of the Case Studies -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Digitalisation and Communication for Sustainable Development -- Overcoming Digital Inequality as a Condition for Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Forms of Inequality in Modern Society -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Electronic Culture and Its Characteristics -- 4.2 Digital Inequality and the Global Community -- 4.3 Transition to Sustainable Development and Social Technologies to Overcome Digital Inequality -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Design Thinking and Collaborative Digital Platforms: Innovative Tools for Co-creating Sustainability Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Design Thinking, ICT Tools, and Their Affordances. , 2.1 Design Thinking -- 2.2 ICT Tools -- 2.3 Affordance -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Affordances of Design Thinking -- 4.2 Affordances of Technological Tools -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Hybridization of Time: Towards Temporal Sustainability of the Digital Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology and Objectives -- 3 Elements of the Digital Economy -- 4 The Attention Economy -- 5 Hybridization of Time -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Impact of Uncompetitive Coexistence of Innovation and Tradition on Sustainable Development in McLuhan's Media Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Analysis -- 3.1 Environment is the Message -- 3.2 Environment and Ecology -- 3.3 Discipline Is the Message -- 3.4 Genealogy of the Environment -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Event Management: New Perspectives for the Meeting Industry Through Innovation and Digitalisation? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Event and Meeting Industry: An Outline -- 3 Sustainability as a Mega-Trend in the Event and Meeting Industry -- 4 New Technologies for the Meeting Industry -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Sustainable Positive Effects of Virtual Meetings -- 6.2 Sustainable Negative Effects of Virtual Meetings in the Business Chain of the Meeting Industry -- 6.3 Sustainable Effects of Virtual Meetings for Destinations -- 6.4 Technological Challenges for a Sustainable Successful Realisation of Virtual/Hybrid Meetings -- 6.5 Hybrid Meetings as a Perspective for the Meeting Industry -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Global Trends and Regional Aspects of Environmental Management -- Towards Sustainable and Responsible Regional Innovation Policy-the Case of Tampere Region -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Open Innovation Platforms as a Tool to Increase Sustainability and Responsibility of Regional Innovations -- 3 Method -- 4 Results. , 4.1 Results of Maturity Mapping -- 4.2 Public Engagement-Moderate Maturity -- 4.3 Ethics-Modest Maturity -- 4.4 Gender Equality-Moderate/modest Maturity -- 4.5 Science Education-Moderate/substantial Maturity -- 4.6 Open Access-Substantial Maturity -- 4.7 Governance-Moderate/substantial Maturity -- 4.8 Results of the Workshop -- 4.9 RRI Governance and Evaluation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Development of Russia's North-Western Border Areas and Their Neighbors: A Study of Landscape Effects on the Settlement Patterns of Villages and Towns -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 The Phenomenon of Villages and Town -- 2.2 Factors in the Transformation of Modern Landscapes and Landscape Classifications -- 2.3 Settlement and its Role in the Development of Landscapes -- 2.4 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Analysis -- 3.1 The Development of Settlement Patterns at the Western Border of Russia in 1998-2018 -- 3.2 The Population and Settlement Patterns of Russia's Borderlands and Their Western and Eastern Neighbors: Similarities and Differences -- 3.3 The Current State of Residential Development on Either Side of the Border -- 3.4 The State Border as a New Landscape Boundary. The Case of the Kaliningrad Region and the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Innovations for Sustainable Production of Traditional and Artisan Unrefined Non-centrifugal Cane Sugar in Mexico -- 1 What is Non-centrifugal Cane Sugar (NCS)? -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Production of NCS -- 4 The Market for NCS: Traditional and Modern Uses -- 4.1 The Case of 'piloncillo' Production in Mexico -- 4.2 Uses of Piloncillo in Mexico -- 5 Barriers to the Commercialization of NCS -- 5.1 Issues and Prospects for Piloncillo Commercialization in Mexico -- 6 Conclusion -- References. , Traditions and Innovations in the North Caucasus Nature Management.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Sustainable Development and Leisure Services: Changes and Trends -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Leisure from the Perspective of Social Responsibility -- 3 Leisure in the Perspective of Business Responsibility -- 4 Leisure in the Perspective of Responsibility for the Natural Environment -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Algorithmic Automation of Leisure from a Sustainable Development Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Leisure and the Perspective of Sustainable Development: Research Opportunities and Constraints -- 3 The Technological Transformation of Leisure (Algorithmic Automation) and Sustainable Development -- 4 From Leisure Society Theses to Civil Leisure and Emotional Labor in the Context of Sustainable Development -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- The Role of Leisure in Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Leisure Time and Sustainable Development in the Context of the Natural Environment -- 3 Leisure Time in the Context of Sustainable Consumption -- 4 Leisure Time in the Context of Work-Life Balance -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Leisure Activities and Recreation Facilities in Nigeria: Implications for Wholesome Community Health -- 1 Introduction: Overview of Community Health and Health Inequity -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Operationalisation of Research Construct into Variables -- 4 Theoretical Background -- 5 Addressing the Nigeria Situation -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- Leisure Activities and Loneliness Among People with Disabilities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- Physical Activity of Male and Female University Students as a Manifestation of Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions. , References -- Selected Determinants of Recreational and Tourist Activity of the Inhabitants of Rural Communes of the Poznań Metropolis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Metropolitan Area -- 3 Material and Methods -- 4 Description of the Sample -- 5 Analysis of Recreational and Tourist Activity of the Inhabitants of Rural Communes of the Poznań Metropolis -- 6 Comparison of Tourist and Recreational Activity of the Inhabitants of Rural Communes and Other Inhabitants of the Poznań Metropolis -- 7 Analysis of Spatial Scope of Recreational and Tourist Activity of the Inhabitants of Rural Communes of the Poznań Metropolis -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Rural Community Prosperity Versus Tourism Progress: An Example of Sustainable Opportunities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background: Effects of Community-Based Tourism on Rural Residents and Possible Partnerships -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Factor Analysis Findings -- 4.2 One-Factor Analysis of Variance Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Leisure Industry and Hotels: The Importance of Wellness Services for Guests' Well-Being -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wellness as an Aspect of Leisure Industry-Theoretical Background -- 2.1 The Definition of Wellness -- 2.2 Wellness Tourism-The Significant Aspect of the Travel Industry -- 2.3 The Definition of Well-Being -- 3 Wellness Services and Well-Being -- 4 Measuring Well-Being -- 5 Hotel Wellness Centres -- 5.1 The Quality of Services in Wellness Centres -- 5.2 The Motives of the Users of Wellness Services -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Contemporary Threats to the Development of Sustainable Urban Tourism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 City Tourism -- 3 Sustainable City Tourism -- 4 Contemporary Threats in Tourism -- 5 Empirical Examples of Potential Threats to the Functioning of Urban Tourist Destinations in the Context of Sustainable Tourism. , 5.1 Water Tourism Transport Service -- 5.2 Smog as an Assessment Element of Tourist Attractiveness -- 6 Assumptions of the Concept of Sustainable Urban Tourism Development Policy -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Rural Tourism and Its Contribution to Sustainable Development in Jyotisar, Kurukshetra (Haryana), India -- 1 Introduction: Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development -- 2 Leisure, Rural Tourism and Sustainability Relationship -- 3 Case of Jyotisar as a Rural Tourism Destination -- 4 Background Information of Respondents in Study Region -- 5 Awareness Regarding Rural Tourism in Jyotisar -- 6 Contribution of Rural Tourism in Sustainable Development in Jyotisar -- 7 Strategies to Promote Rural Tourism Destination -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Sustainable Development of Rural Tourist Settlements in Serbia: Building A Better Future for All -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rural Tourism, Leisure and Sustainable Development -- 3 Poverty, Pro-Poor Tourism and Sustainability -- 4 Tourism as a Factor of Sustainable Development of Rural Serbia -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Typology of Hosts in Housing Tourism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 (Re) Definition of Rural -- 3 Multifunctionality and Rural Sustainability -- 4 Hosts of Housing Tourism Houses -- 5 Methodology -- 5.1 A Typology of Housing Tourism Hosts -- 6 Final Considerations -- References -- Glamping and the Development of Sustainable Tourism: A Portuguese Case Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability and Sustainable Development -- 2.1 Concept of Sustainability and Sustainable Development -- 2.2 The Importance and Need for Tourism Awareness Programs -- 2.3 Tourism Sustainable Awareness Programmes -- 3 Sustainable Tourism -- 3.1 Concept of Sustainable Tourism and Its Evolution -- 3.2 Main Objectives and Advantages of Sustainable Tourism -- 3.3 Principles for the Development of Sustainable Tourism. , 3.4 Sustainable Tourism Practices -- 4 Glamping as a Mean of Development -- 4.1 Glamping Concept and Applications -- 4.2 Glamping Tourist Profile -- 4.3 Glamping as a Mean of Development -- 5 Five Glamping Sites in Portugal -- 5.1 Natura Glamping -- 5.2 Nomad Planet -- 5.3 Direction South -- 5.4 Bukubaki Eco Surf Resort -- 5.5 YMCA Camp Alambre Bungalows -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Ecotourism as a Core of Sustainability in Tourism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of the Concept and definitions-in Brief -- 3 Different Dimensions of Ecotourism -- 4 Ecotourist Profile -- 5 Problems and Challenges of Ecotourism Development -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Environmental Sensibility and Human Values as Factors for Forming European Ecotourist Market Segments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ecotourism as Sustainable Form of Tourism -- 3 Motivation and Human Values -- 4 Segmentation Models -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Results -- 7 Socio-Demographic Characteristics -- 8 Geographical Distribution of Eco-Tourist Groups -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- A Systems Approach to Ecotourism, Leisure and Education in Panamá: A Case Study -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Batipa Field Institute -- 1.2 Oteima Technological University -- 2 Sustainability Education Through Ecotourism and Leisure -- 2.1 Systems Approach to Sustainable Ecotourism -- 3 Case Study -- 3.1 The Focus Group -- 4 Results: Demographic Data -- 5 Results: Qualitative Data -- 5.1 Document Analysis -- 5.2 Focus Group Data -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Religious Tourism and Sustainable Development: Perspectives from Hill States in India -- 1 Introduction: Sustainable Development, Tourism and Religious Tourism -- 2 Methodology and Data -- 3 Religious Tourism in India: Significance and Sustainability Concerns. , 4 Case of Religious Tourism in Hill States of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand -- 4.1 Tourism in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand -- 4.2 Impact of Tourism-Sustainability Concerns -- 4.3 Promoting Religious Tourism and Sustainable Development: Some Suggestions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Smart Tourism: Towards the Concept of a Data-Based Travel Experience -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experience as an Object of Tourist Demand -- 2.1 Tourist 'Digital Behavior' as a Data Source for Smart Destinations -- 2.2 Big Data Shift in Experience Management -- 2.3 Data-Driven, Context-Based Tourism Experience -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Social Media and Sustainable Tourism Marketing: Perceptions of Owners of Leisure-Related Enterprises Operating Within Viana do Castelo Littoral Geopark (Northwest Portugal) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Geographical Context: Viana do Castelo Littoral Geopark -- 5 Results and Analysis -- 6 Conclusions, Implications and Limitations -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Supporting Sustainable Agriculture -- The Concept of Sustainable Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Empirical Evidence -- 2.1 Theory and Principles of Agricultural Sustainability -- 2.2 The Need to Be Agriculturally Sustainable -- 2.3 The Way Forward -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Agriculture-Food Nexus. The Paradox of Sustainable Development in Mexico -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Approach -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Dietary Patterns -- 3.2 Trends in Food Production -- 3.3 Proposals Regional Food-Production Systems -- 4 Future Research Needs -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Prosocial Partnerships - A Scalable Pathway to Sustainable Agricultural Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Eight Prosocial Core Design Principles -- 3 Methods -- 4 Case Selection: Pueblo Arboles, Costa Rica -- 5 Centro Sustentable -- 6 Results Principle One: Shared Identity and Purpose -- 7 Principle Two: Equitable Distribution of Contributions and Benefits -- 8 Principle Three: Inclusive Decision Making -- 9 Principle Four: Monitoring Agreed Behaviors -- 10 Principle Five: Graduated Responding to Helpful and Unhelpful Behavior -- 11 Principle Six: Fast and Fair Conflict Resolution -- 12 Principle Seven: Authority to Self-Govern -- 13 Principle Eight: Collaborative Relations with Other Groups -- 14 Discussion -- 15 Proposed Model for Co-operative Sustainable Agricultural Development -- 16 The Prosocial Co-operative Design Framework -- 17 Conclusion -- References -- Towards Sustainable Agriculture in Serbia: Empirical Insights from a Spatial Planning Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Climate Adaptive Agriculture: A Smallholders Case Study of the Southwestern Highlands of Ethiopia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology and Data Collection -- 2.1 Study Site. , 2.2 Data Collection and Analysis -- 3 Results of the Study and Discussion -- 3.1 Analysis of Metrological Data (Precipitation and Temperature) at Four Districts of Kafa Zone -- 3.2 Farmers' Perception on Climate Change -- 3.3 Climate Adaptation of Agriculture for Food Security -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Differentiated Intra-Household Food Utilisation in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Site -- 2.2 Study Design -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Indigenous Pokkali Farming in Kerala: A Sustainable Social-Ecological Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Origin and History of Pokkali Farming in Kerala -- 3 Social-Ecological System Dynamics in Pokkali Farming -- 4 Pokkali Farming Systems-Techniques and Strategies -- 5 Agri-aqua Integration -- 6 Water Management -- 7 Organic Weed and Pest Management -- 8 Application of Indigenous Knowledge -- 9 Institutional Management in Pokkali Cultivation -- 10 The Social Relevance of Pokkali Farming -- 11 Rural Livelihood -- 12 Food Security -- 13 The Economic Value of Pokkali Cultivation -- 14 Ecological Relevance of Pokkali Fields -- 15 Water Security and Flood Control -- 16 Biodiversity -- 17 Climate Adaptability -- 18 Evolving Challenges to Pokkali Farming System -- 19 Conclusion -- References -- Agricultural Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies by Farmers to Climate Change in South-Western Coastal Bangladesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Rainfall and Land Data -- 2.3 Socioeconomic Data and Adaptation Methods -- 2.4 Multiple Logistic Regression (MLRM) Model -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Rainfall and Land Use Changes -- 3.2 Socioeconomic Data Summary -- 3.3 Strategies for Adaptation to Changing Climate -- 3.4 The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors in Adaptation. , 4 Discussion About Adaptation -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- A Proposed Methodology to Map Soil Moisture in Support of Farm-Level Decision Making Under Changing Climatic Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Image Compilation and Preprocessing -- 3 Results and Analysis -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The Role of Integrated Organic Cycle Farming in Tropical Agroforestry Systems for Sustainable Food Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Sustainable Agriculture Development -- 3.2 Agroforestry for Sustainable Food Security -- 3.3 Integrated Bio-Cycle in Agroforestry -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Intensification of Agroforestry Systems in Community Forests to Increase Land Productivity and Sustainable Food Sovereignty -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Environmental Engineering for Increasing Crop Productivity -- 3.2 Integrated Crop Management -- 3.3 Maintenance of Plantation -- 3.4 Fertilization -- 3.5 Pruning -- 3.6 Thinning -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Development of Agriculture: Modeling and Management to Ensure Food Security -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Materials and Method -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Fostering Food Security -- Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa: A Novel Technology Fostering Regional Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Preamble -- 1.2 Objectives -- 1.3 Methodology -- 1.4 Organization of the Chapter -- 2 Food Security Concept and Global Trends -- 2.1 Food Security: A Conceptual Framework -- 2.2 Global Food Security: Recent Trends and Developments -- 3 The State of Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) -- 3.1 Food Security in SSA: Emerging Trends and Challenges. , 3.2 Factors Contributing to Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 4 Fostering Food Security Framework in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Emergence of Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa -- 4.1 Preamble -- 4.2 The State of Maize Production Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 4.3 The Emergence of Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa -- 4.4 Dispersion of Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa: Progress and Prospects -- 5 Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion -- 5.1 Summary -- 5.2 Recommendations -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- Climate-Smart Agriculture Approaches and Concepts for Food Systems Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Realities and Myths -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Data and Analysis -- 2.2 Contextualizing CSA in SSA -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Practices (Some) Promoted as CSA in SSA -- 3.2 Limitations to CSA Implementation in SSA -- 4 Which Lessons for Sustainability? -- 5 How Can CSA Reduce Women's Vulnerabilities and Improve Priorities and Needs? -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The Dynamics of Promoting Youth Participation in Smallholder Agriculture for Sustainable Food Security in Lupane District, Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Setting and Methods -- 2 Results and Discussion -- 2.1 Factors Affecting Youth Participation in Agriculture -- 2.2 Livelihood Activities Pursued by Youths Outside Smallholder Agriculture -- 3 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Association of Sustainable Food Security with Climatic and Non-climatic Factors in Gujarat State of India: A District-Wise Panel Data Investigation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Method and Material -- 2.1 Brief Discussion on Study Area -- 2.2 Data Source -- 2.3 Adopted Technique for Index Estimation -- 3 Empirical Analysis -- 3.1 Development of Food Security Index (FSI). , 3.2 Adoption of Regression Models for Assessing the Impact of Climatic and Non-climatic Factors on Food Security Index -- 3.3 Finalization of Suitable Regression Model -- 4 Empirical Results -- 4.1 Cross Comparison of Districts in Food Security and Its Components -- 4.2 Regression Coefficients of FSI with Climatic and Non-climatic Factors -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Concluding Remark and Policy Implications -- References -- Integrating Lean Concepts in Smallholder Farming to Catalyze Sustainable Agriculture for Food Security in Trinidad, WI -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Literature Review -- 3.1 A Global Perspective -- 4 Smallholders Farmers -- 4.1 Challenges to Implement Lean -- 5 Trends in Trinidad -- 5.1 Land Distribution -- 5.2 Marketing Support (NAMDEVCO) -- 5.3 Financial Support (ADB) -- 6 Ro-Crops Model Farm -- 6.1 Background -- 6.2 Land Tenure and Succession -- 6.3 Ro-Crops Core Business -- 6.4 Ro-Crops Accomplishments -- 6.5 Ro-Crops Development -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Reducing Food Loss in Kenya for a Sustainable Food Future -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Data Analysis -- 2.2 Results and Discussion -- 3 Drivers of Food Loss -- 3.1 Climate Change -- 3.2 Nature -- 3.3 Human Activity -- 3.4 Policy -- 4 Impact of Food Loss -- 5 Strategies in Use for Mitigating Food Loss in Kenya -- 5.1 Innovative Technology Applications -- 5.2 Cold Storage -- 5.3 Mobile-Based Applications -- 5.4 On-Farm Technologies -- 5.5 Packaging Technology -- 5.6 Value Addition -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Zimbabwe's Pfumvudza Agriculture Programme-Reality or Rhetoric? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conservation Agriculture as the Predecessor of Pfumvudza -- 3 What is Pfumvudza? -- 4 Characteristics of a Pfumvudza Plot -- 5 The Actor-Network Theory (ANT) -- 6 Methodology -- 7 Muzarabani-A Brief -- 8 Results and Discussion. , 8.1 Pfumvudza Networks.