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  • Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  (20)
  • 2020-2024  (20)
  • 1
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 19 ( 2020), p. 198501-
    Abstract: The continuous miniaturization and integration of pixelated devices have become a main trend in the field of display. Micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) display is composed of an array of LEDs that are sub-50-micrometers in length. It has huge advantages in brightness, resolution, contrast, power consumption, lifetime, response speed and reliability compared with liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic LED (OLED) display. Consequently, micro-LED display is regarded as the next-generation display technology with high potential applications, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mobile phones, tablet computers, high-definition TVs and wearable devices. Currently, the combination of commercial 5G communication technology with VR/AR display, ultra high definition video technologies will further prompt the development of micro-LED display industry. However, some basic scientific and technological problems in micro-LED display remain to be resolved. As the chip size shrinks to below 50 μm, some problems that are not serious for large-sized LEDs appear for micro-LEDs. These problems include crystalline defects, wavelength uniformity, full-color emmision, massively tranferring and testing, etc. In the past two decades, various solutions to those problems have been proposed, which have greatly promoted the progress of micro-LED display. In this paper, an overview of micro-LED display since 2000 is given firstly, which includes the main research results and application achievements. Secondly the issues involved in the wafer epitaxy and chip process of micro-LEDs and possible solutions are discussed based on the display application in detail. The surface state induced by the dangling bonds and dry etching damages are concerned for the nonradiative recombination at a low injection level. The remedies are provided for those surface states, such as atomic-layer deposition and neutral beam etching. Some methods to reduce the threading dislocation and suppress the polarization field are summarized for micro-LED epitaxial growth. Moreover, the GaN-based LEDs on Si (100) substrate are also introduced for the future integration of micro-LEDs into the Si-based integrated circuits. As to the wavelength uniformity, the MOCVD equipment and growth technology including the laser treatment are discussed. In the chip processing part, the full-color display, mass transfer and effective inspection technology are discussed. Assembling RGB individual LEDs, quantum dot phosphor material and nanocoloumn LEDs are different routes for full-color display. Their trends in the future are provided. The pick and place, laser lift-off technologies, are strengthened in the massively transferring for micro-LEDs. In the massively and rapidly inspection technologies, the photoluminscence combined with Raman scattering, the electroluminescence combined with digital camera are discussed. Finally, the summary and outlook in these issues are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 11 ( 2022), p. 114205-
    Abstract: Removal of the numerous centimeter-level space debris in low Earth orbit by using high-power lasers is always a hot topic of international academic research. Specifically, the precise positioning of space debris and high-precision measurement of barycenter range of debris are the key points and worldwide problems that need to be promptly solved. As a new remote high-resolution imaging method, laser reflective tomography is an effective approach to detecting the dark targets in remote space with its imaging resolution independent of the detection range. Hence, a centimeter-level space debris barycenter model is established according to the principle of laser reflective tomography in order to analyze the relative movement of debris and detector. On this basis, an approach to estimating the barycenter range of centimeter-level space debris is proposed to carry out the experimental verification of 1km detection range laser reflective tomography. The experimental results show that this method can improve the accuracy of barycenter detection from 1.50 cm to 0.34 cm, which is an effective measure for realizing high-precision measurement of barycenter ranges of centimeter-level space debris. Furthermore, this study achieves a breakthrough in kilometer-level laser reflective tomography experiments and theory of validation, and the kilometer-level laser reflective tomography has a great application prospect and technical potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 17 ( 2021), p. 178801-
    Abstract: 〈sec〉Solid-state lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high safety, high energy densities and other advantages. However, solid-state lithium-ion batteries cannot realize large-scale commercial use. There are key scientific and technical issues that have not been resolved, especially interface issues, such as high resistance and instability of the interface. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as an important surface analysis method, can perform qualitative and semi-quantitative chemical analysis of the interface, which makes XPS can be widely used to study the solid-state lithium-ion battery interfaces. In this paper, we review the recent research progress of solid-state lithium-ion battery interfaces by using XPS, and summarize and review the XPS experimental principle, experimental method, experimental results and their effects on interface performance. The XPS analysis methods for solid-state lithium-ion batteries include 〈i〉ex-situ〈/i〉 XPS, 〈i〉in-situ〈/i〉 XPS reflecting the real-time changes of the battery interface, and operando XPS based on the actual working conditions of the battery. 〈/sec〉〈sec〉The 〈i〉ex-situ 〈/i〉XPS can study oxide solid electrolyte interfaces, sulfide solid electrolyte interfaces and artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers to access information about the chemical composition of the interface, predict the performance of the interface, obtain the chemical distribution in space, and evaluate the chemical structure and irregularity of the interface. With ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) the interface work function, energy band bending and energy structure of the full battery can be obtained. 〈i〉In-situ〈/i〉 XPS can effectively study the process of chemical reactions between the electrolyte and the electrode. The key prerequisite is the controllable 〈i〉in-situ〈/i〉 construction of the electrolyte/electrode interface. 〈i〉In-situ〈/i〉 XPS research can directly study the electrochemical changes of the interface. 〈i〉In-situ〈/i〉 XPS/UPS can study the energy level alignment of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, indicating that a space charge layer is formed at the solid electrolyte interface, and the energy band bending occurs. The degree of energy band bending is reflected in the binding energy shifts of the related elements at the interface. The change of the energy structure in the deposition process can be determined by the binding energy shifts of the related elements at the interface and the change of the interface work function. Operando XPS performs XPS characterization at the same time under the working condition of the battery. Operando XPS can be combined with electrochemical characterization to observe the effects of interface reaction and solid electrolyte decomposition products on electrochemical performance, thereby determining the main components that affect electrochemical performance. It can also be combined with the 〈i〉ex-situ〈/i〉 XPS to study the interface reaction mechanism and influencing factors. The information obtained includes the chemical states of elements after the interface reaction has occurred, the evolution of interface elements in the process of real-time interface reaction, the energy structure change and interface component overpotential, thus having a better understanding of interface composition, interfacial structure change, kinetics of interface reaction, and interfacial ion migration of the solid-state lithium ion batteries.〈/sec〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 3 ( 2023), p. 038102-
    Abstract: Diamond silicon vacancy centers (SiV centers) have important application prospects in quantum information technology and biomarkers. In this work, the formation mechanism and regulation method of SiV center during the growth of polycrystalline diamond on silicon substrate are studied. By changing the ratio of nitrogen content to oxygen content in the growing atmosphere of diamond, the photoluminescence intensity of SiV center can be controlled effectively, and polycrystalline diamond samples with the ratios of SiV center photoluminescence peak to diamond intrinsic peak as high as 334.46 and as low as 1.48 are prepared. It is found that nitrogen promotes the formation of SiV center in the growth process, and the inhibition of oxygen. The surface morphology and photoluminescence spectrum for each of these samples show that the photoluminescence peak intensity of SiV center is positively correlated with the grain size of diamond, and the SiV center’s photoluminescence peak in the diamond film with obvious preferred orientation of crystal plane is higher. The distribution of Si centers and SiV centers on the surface of polycrystalline diamond are further characterized and analyzed by photoluminescence, Raman surface scanning and depth scanning spectroscopy. It is found that during the growth of polycrystalline diamond, the substrate silicon diffuses first into the diamond grain and then into the crystal structure to form the SiV center. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of SiV centers in diamond.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 73, No. 3 ( 2024), p. 039501-
    Abstract: The slit imaging spectrometer is one of the important tools for solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral imaging detection. However, at present, there is no such instrument load in China. The research of solar physics and space weather in the field of EUV spectral diagnosis mainly depends on foreign instrument data, which seriously restricts the development of related disciplines. The spectral imaging instruments that have been launched internationally have only a spatial resolution of 〈 inline-formula 〉 〈 tex-math id="Z-20240130160605" 〉 \begin{document}$2''$\end{document} 〈 /tex-math 〉 〈 alternatives 〉 〈 graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="3-20231481_Z-20240130160605.jpg"/ 〉 〈 graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="3-20231481_Z-20240130160605.png"/ 〉 〈 /alternatives 〉 〈 /inline-formula 〉 , and it is difficult to observe the core characteristics of the plasma related to the coronal heating mechanism predicted by the theoretical model. In order to better understand the coupling process between different layers of the sun’s atmosphere, solar physics research requires the observed data with wider spectral coverage. In light of this, we propose and design a sub-angular second spatially resolved solar extreme ultraviolet broadband imaging spectrometer operating in a band range of 62–80 nm and 92–110 nm. Compared with the existing instruments, the system can achieve high spatial resolution and spectral resolution, and wide spectral range coverage. Performance evaluation results indicate that the imaging spectrometer’s spatial resolutions in both bands are better than 0.4 〈 i 〉 '' 〈 /i 〉 , and their spectral resolutions are both better than 0.007 nm, with spectral imaging quality approaching the diffraction limit. The system designed in this work holds significant reference value for developing the first Chinese space-based solar EUV spectroscopic instrument in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2024
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 73, No. 7 ( 2024), p. 072801-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 73, No. 7 ( 2024), p. 072801-
    Abstract: Neutron capture reaction is one of the neutron reactions and plays an important role in using reactor control rods and shell materials, designing nuclear device structures, and studying nuclear astrophysics S processes and element origins. The 4π BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 detection device has advantages such as high time resolution, low neutron sensitivity, and high detection efficiency, thus making it suitable for measuring neutron radiation capture reaction cross-section data. In order to fill the gap in our neutron capture reaction data in the keV energy range and improve their accuracy, the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data at the Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has established a Gamma Total Absorption Facility (GTAF), which consists of 28 hexagonal BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 crystals and 12 pentagonal BaF 〈 sub 〉 2 〈 /sub 〉 crystals to form a spherical shell with an external diameter of 25 cm and an internal diameter of 10 cm, covering 95.2% of the solid angles. The Back-n beam line of the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a back-streaming white beam line that covers neutron energy ranging from a few eV to several hundred MeV, making it suitable for measuring neutron capture cross-sections. The reaction cross-section data of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au is measured by using GTAF on the Back-n beam line. The measurement data are preliminarily background deducted through energy screening, PSD method, and crystal multiplicity screening. Subsequently, the background is analyzed and deducted based on the measurement data of 〈 sup 〉 nat 〈 /sup 〉 C and empty samples, and the yield of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au capture reaction is obtained. Resonance parameters are a set of parameters extracted from experimental data to describe the resonance curve, which can eliminate the influence of experimental conditions on resonance data and are more important than the cross-section obtained from experiments. The resonance energy, neutron resonance width, and gamma resonance width parameters of 〈 sup 〉 197 〈 /sup 〉 Au at 1–100 eV are fitted by using the SAMMY program. From the comparison between the resonance curves obtained from experimental measurements and the resonance parameters obtained from fitting with the ENDF/B-VIII.0 database, it can follow that the experimental measurement results are in good agreement with the database, nevertheless, there exist some differences in the resonance parameter, which may be due to the GTAF energy resolution, Back-n neutron spectrum measurement accuracy, and the experimental background deduction method. Our next work is to identify the sources of difference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2021), p. 082901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2021), p. 082901-
    Abstract: At present, there exist few proton-beam terminals for the detector calibration in the world. Meanwhile, most of these terminals provide monoenergetic protons. Back-n white neutron source from China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) was put into operation in 2018. Based on the white neutron flux ranging from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV from the CSNS Back-n white neutron source, continuous-energy protons involved in a wide energy spectrum can be acquired from the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el) reaction. Adopting this method, a new research platform for researches such as proton calibration is realized at CSNS. As hydrogen exists as gas at normal temperature and pressure, in the selecting of the proton-converting target, the hydrogen-rich compounds are preferential considered. Considering the reaction cross sections of the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el), 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, p)〈sup〉12〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, d)〈sup〉11〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, t)〈sup〉10〈/sup〉B, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, 〈sup〉3〈/sup〉He)〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be, 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C(n, α)〈sup〉9〈/sup〉Be and 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, γ)〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H, polyethylene and polypropylene are suitable for serving as targets in this research. Based on a 3U PXIe, digitizers with 1 GSps sampling rate and 12 bit resolution are utilized to digitize and record the output signals of telescopes. The time and amplitude information of each signal are extracted from its recorded waveform. Proton fluxes can be calculated by using the neutron energy spectrum and the cross section of the 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H(n, el) reaction. Using the γ-flash event as the starting time of the time-of-flight (TOF) and the time information of signal in detector as the stopping time, the kinematic energy of each secondary proton can be deduced from the TOF and the angle of the detector. A calibration experiment on three charged particle telescopes, with each telescope consisting of a silicon detector and a CsI(Tl) detector, is carried out on this research platform. The readout methods of the CsI(Tl) detectors in these three telescopes are different. In the calibration experiment, Δ〈i〉E-〈/i〉〈i〉E〈/i〉 two-dimensional spectra and amplitude-〈i〉E〈/i〉〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 two-dimensional spectra of these telescopes are obtained. Through comparing these particle identification spectra, the SiPM is chosen as the signal readout method for CsI(Tl) detectors in the charged particle telescopes. These researches provide experimental evidence for the construction of the charged particle telescope at Back-n, and also illustrate the feasibility of wide-energy spectrum proton calibration based on the Back-n white neutron source.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 70, No. 22 ( 2021), p. 222801-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 70, No. 22 ( 2021), p. 222801-
    Abstract: The data of neutron capture cross section are very important for the research of nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear energy development. Owing to the limitation of neutron source and detector, the experimental data of neutron capture cross section in an energy range of 1 eV–10 keV were almost blank in China. The first Chinese gamma-ray total absorption facility has been constructed in the key laboratory of nuclear data at China institute of atomic energy, which consists of 40 BaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 detector units. The BaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 crystal shell with a thickness of 15 cm and an inner radius of 10 cm covers 95.2% of the solid angle. On-line measurement method of neutron capture reaction cross section is established on the back-streaming white neutron source of China spallation neutron source by using the upgraded facility. The cross section of 〈sup〉197〈/sup〉Au neutron capture reaction is measured for the first time under the experimental condition of irregular 30 mm neutron beam spot. The measured position of resonance peak is well consistent with the relevant data of ENDF evaluation database, which verifies the reliability of the measurement device and measurement technology, and thus laying the foundation for the acquisition of high precision cross section in future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 69, No. 17 ( 2020), p. 172901-
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 17 ( 2020), p. 172901-
    Abstract: The back-streaming neutron beam line (Back-n) was built in the beginning of 2018, which is part of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The Back-n is the first white neutron beam line in China, and its main application is for nuclear data measurement. For most of neutron-induced nuclear reaction measurements based on white neutron facilities, the beam of gamma rays accompanied with neutron beam is one of the most important experimental backgrounds. The back streaming neutron beam is transported directly from the spallation target to the experimental station without any moderator or shielding, the flux of the in-beam gamma rays in the experimental station is much larger than those of these facilities with neutron moderator and shielding. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of in-beam gamma rays on the experimental results. Studies of the in-beam gamma rays are carried out at the back-n. Monte-Carlo simulation is employed to obtain the energy distribution and the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays. According to the simulation results, when the neutron flight time is longer than 1.0 μs the energy distribution of the in-beam gamma rays does not vary with flight time. Therefore, the time structure of these gamma rays can be measured without the correction of the detection efficiency. In this work, the time structure of the in-beam gamma rays in the low neutron energy region is measured by both direct and indirect methods. In the direct measurement, a 〈sup〉6〈/sup〉Li loaded ZnS(Ag) scintillator is located on the neutron beam line and the time of flight method is used to determine the time structure of neutrons and gamma rays. The gamma rays are separated from neutrons with pulse-shape discrimination. The black filter method is used to verify the particle discrimination results. In the indirect measurement, the C〈sub〉6〈/sub〉D〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 scintillation detectors are used to measure the gamma rays scattered off a Pb sample on the way of the neutron beam. The time structure of the in-beam gamma rays is derived from that of the scattered gamma rays. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations with the time-of-flight between 12 μs and 2.0 ms. Besides, according to the simulation results, the intensity of the in-beam gamma rays is 1.21 × 10〈sup〉6〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉·cm〈sup〉–2〈/sup〉 in the center of the experimental station 2 of Back-n, which is 76.5 m away from the spallation target of CSNS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2022), p. 127306-
    Abstract: Molybdenum disulfide is a layered transition metal chalcogenide semiconductor. It has many applications in the fields of two-dimensional spintronics, valleytronics and optoelectronics. In this review, molybdenum disulfide is taken as a representative to systematically introduce the energy band structures of single layer, bilayer and twisted bilayer molybdenum disulfide, as well as the latest experimental progress of its realization and low-temperature electrical transport, such as superconductivity and strong correlation phenomenon. Finally, two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide moiré superlattice’s challenges in optimizing contact and sample quality are analyzed and the future development of this field is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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