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  • Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  (23)
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  • Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  (23)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Magnesium doping improved characteristics of high voltage cycle of layered cathode of sodium ion battery
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2023
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 72, No. 5 ( 2023), p. 058802-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 5 ( 2023), p. 058802-
    Abstract: Driven by global demand for new energy, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have developed rapidly due to their competitive performance. Although LIBs show the advantages of high capacity and good cycling stability, their disadvantages such as uneven distribution of lithium resources are gradually exposed. Therefore, with abundant reserves, Na-ion batteries (NIB) have become one of the most promising solutions to make up for the deficiency of Li-ion battery. The NIBs layered oxide cathodes have the most potential applications of cathode material due to their high specific capacity (167 mAh·g〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 in 2.4–4.3 V) and simple synthesis method. However, improving the cycling stability of layered cathode materials is one of the keys to their large-scale industrialization. To develop high capacity and cycling stability cathode materials, the Mg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 is substituted for Ni〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in NaNi〈sub〉0.4〈/sub〉Cu〈sub〉0.1〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉0.4〈/sub〉Ti〈sub〉0.1〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (NCMT), thereby obtaining a NaNi〈sub〉0.35〈/sub〉Mg〈sub〉0.05〈/sub〉Cu〈sub〉0.1〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉0.4〈/sub〉Ti〈sub〉0.1〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (NCMT-Mg) cathode material. The NCMT-Mg has a high reversible specific capacity of 165 mAh·g〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 in a voltage window of 2.4–4.3 V. The reversible specific capacity of about 110 mAh·g〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 at 0.1 C after 350 cycles with a capacity retention of 67.3% is about 13% higher than the counterpart of NCMT. The irreversible reaction is suppressed from P'3 phase to X phase for NCMT. The ex-XRD spectrometers further prove that the NCMT-Mg shows a P3 and X mixed phase after being initially charged to 4.3 V, but the NCMT shows an X phase. The irreversible phase transition is suppressed to increase the cycling stability. The inactive Mg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 replaces Ni〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, reducing the charge compensation and stabilizing the structure, the inactive Mg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 can activate the charge compensation of Ni〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉/Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉. The electrochemical activity increases from 77% to 86%. The high capacity and excellent cycling stability prove that the NCMT-Mg structure remains intact after various current rates have been tested. The long cycling stability mechanism is further systematically studied by using various technologies. The present work will provide an important reference for developing high-performance Na-ion cathode materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.72.20222098
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CALCULATION OF THE ENERGY EIGENVALUE OF A-QUANTUM SYSTEM IN THE FRAMEWORK OF-SUPERSYMMETRY AND SHAPE INVARIANCE
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 1997
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 1997), p. 12-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 1997), p. 12-
    Abstract: We present the energy eigenvalues of modified Pschl-Teller potential,the N-dimensionalhydrogen atom,and the N-dimensional harmonic oscillator.The calculations are carried out in the framework of supersymmetry and shape invariance.The present energy spectrum formulas are consistent with the exact solutions obtained with the usual factorization method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.46.12
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent progress in aqueous akali-metal-ion batteries at low temperatures
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2023
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 72, No. 7 ( 2023), p. 070702-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 7 ( 2023), p. 070702-
    Abstract: Aqueous alkali-metal-ion batteries are a popular frontier research area, expected to apply for large-scale energy storage due to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Depending on diversified social development, batteries ought to function in various ambient, including polar regions and high-altitude locales. Delivering excellent electrochemical performance at low temperatures is crucial to develop aqueous alkali-metal-ion batteries. This review summarizes the representative research progress in the field of aqueous low-temperature alkali-metal-ion batteries in recent years, based on the subjects of electrolyte, electrode, and interface. Firstly, we discussed the challenges of aqueous alkali-metal-ion batteries operated at low temperatures and the corresponding failure mechanisms. At subzero temperatures, aqueous alkali-metal-ion batteries couldn't work or exhibit little capacity, arising from the frozen electrolytes, electrode materials with slow kinetics, and huge interface impedances, which seriously limits their wide application in low-temperature conditions. Then, combined with the latest research work, various strategies have been investigated to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries at low temperatures. To date, the strategies for reducing the freezing point of electrolytes have primarily focused on breaking H-bonds between free water molecules by increasing salt concentration, adding organic/inorganic additives, and using hydrogel as electrolytes. In terms of electrodes, the related studies have concentrated on regulating the structure and morphology of electrodes, introducing the dual ion battery mechanism, and using organic materials and Zn electrodes to alleviate the slow ion dynamics of electrodes. In addition, adding appropriate organic solvents that can generate protective layers with low interface impedance on the electrode surface in the electrolyte can also improve the low-temperature performance of aqueous alkali-metal-ion batteries. Finally, we evaluated multi-dimensionally all strategies, expected to provide a comprehensive reference and point out the direction for the further improvement and practical application of the aqueous alkali-metal-ion batteries at low temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.72.20230024
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Silicon surface microstructures created by 1064 nm Nd∶YAG nanosecond laser
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2011
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2011), p. 027901-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2011), p. 027901-
    Abstract: We investigated the evolution of surface microstructures created on single crystal silicon wafers by the cumulative Nd ∶YAG nanosecond laser pulses (wavelength 1064 nm ) in different atmospheres (N2, air and vacuum). Micropore structure and the fracture lines are formed after irradiation of a few laser pulses,compared with ripple structures created by laser pulses of wavelengths of 532 and 355 nm. The fracture line structure is different for (111) and (100) silicon. The fracture lines have 60°and 120° intersections for (111) silicon. For (100)-oriented silicon wafers, two sets of fracture lines intersect at 90° to form a grid that divides the surface into rectangular blocks with side length of from 15 to 20 μm. We think that phase explosions are responsible for the growth of micropore structure. The fracture lines are mainly due to thermal stress. Finally, We studied the formation of microstructures under different atmospheres, and the results show that it is closely related to the etching and growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.60.027901
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of matrices on electron temperature of laser micro-plasma in argon atmosphere at reduced pressure
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2007
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 56, No. 9 ( 2007), p. 5318-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 56, No. 9 ( 2007), p. 5318-
    Abstract: Laser micro-spectral analysis coupled with CCD spectrometer was used in this experiment. With Fe Ⅰ356.54 nm and Fe Ⅰ358.12 nm as analysis spectral lines, the micro-plasma temperature and its spatial distribution were investigated in different matrices, namely Mg, Al, Si, and steel alloy 6-0. The electron temperature as a function of location in each matrix and the differences of that at the same location in different matrices were determined and an explanation was given. Finally, with Cu Ⅰ324.75 nm and Zn Ⅰ394.50 nm as analysis spectral lines, we have successfully used the calculated micro-plasma temperature to discuss the matrix effect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.56.5318
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of pulse temporal profile on electron bow-wave injection of electrons in laser-driven bubble acceleration
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 62, No. 20 ( 2013), p. 205203-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 62, No. 20 ( 2013), p. 205203-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.62.205203
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Working principle and layout logic of closed magnetic field in sputtering
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 2022), p. 055203-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 2022), p. 055203-
    Abstract: Closed magnetic field constructed by unbalanced magnetron sputtering (MS) cathodes has been a general means of developing the MS coating system. However, owing to the difficulties in characterizing the complex plasma behaviors, there are still no quantitative criteria or design bases for some critical points, such as the effective object, the working mechanism, the closure condition, the layout logic and the effectivity of the closed magnetic field. Here in this work, out of the movements of charged particles in magnetic field, the motion behaviors of electrons and ions in the vacuum chamber are studied and it is also revealed that the closed magnetic field can affect mainly the electrons and further control the distributions of ions. A Monte-Carlo collision (MCC) model of the closed magnetic field MS coating system is established by test-electron to characterize the plasma transport characteristics, and the electron constraint and coating deposition efficiency are studied by different layouts of the magnetron cathodes and the ion sources. The simulation results show that the cathode numbers and vacuum chamber size determine the constraint effect on electrons in closed magnetic field. By 8 MS cathodes and the chamber radius of 0.5 m, the proportion of the overflow electrons can decrease to 1.77%. To increase the proportion of the electrons in the coating region, four coupled magnetic fields are introduced in the center of vacuum chamber. The studies of cathode type, rotation angle and magnetic field direction reveal that the proportion of the overflow electrons is less than 3%. A local dense plasma distribution and a continuous uniform plasma distribution can be observed in the vacuum chamber, corresponding to the same and opposite layout in magnetic poles of the MS cathodes and the ion sources, and the proportion of the electrons in the coating region significantly increases to 53.41% and 42.25%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.71.20211781
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultrashort pulsed neutron source driven by two counter-propagating laser pulses interacting with ultra-thin foil
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2023
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 72, No. 18 ( 2023), p. 185201-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 18 ( 2023), p. 185201-
    Abstract: Neutron production via D(d, n)〈sup〉3〈/sup〉He nuclear reaction during the interaction of two counter-propagating circularly polarized laser pulses with ultra-thin deuterium target is investigated by particle-in-cell simulation and Monte Carlo method. It is found that the rotation direction and initial relative phase difference of laser electric field vector have important effects on deuterium foil compression and neutron characteristics. The reason is attributed to the net light pressure and the difference in transverse instability development. The highest neutron yield can be obtained by choosing two laser pulses with a relative phase difference of 0 and the same rotation direction of the electric field vector. When the relative phase difference is 0.5π or 1.5π and the rotation direction of electric field vector is different, the neutrons have a directional spatial distribution and the neutron yield only slightly decreases. For left-handed circularly polarized laser pulse and right-handed circularly polarized laser pulse, each with an intensity of 1.23 × 10〈sup〉21〈/sup〉 W/cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉, a pulse width of 33 fs and a relative phase difference of 0.5π, it is possible to produce a pulsed neutron source with a yield of 8.5 × 10〈sup〉4〈/sup〉 n, production rate of 1.2 × 10〈sup〉19〈/sup〉 n/s, pulse width of 23 fs and good forward direction as well as tunable spatial distribution. Comparing with photonuclear neutron source and beam target neutron source driven by ultraintense laser pulses, the duration of neutron source in our scheme decreases significantly, thereby possessing many potential applications such as neutron nuclear data measurement. Our scheme offers a possible method to obtain a compact neutron source with short pulse width, high production rate and good forward direction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.72.20230706
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modal characteristics and leakage loss of hollow-core photonic-bandgap fibers based on a square lattice
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2008
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 57, No. 9 ( 2008), p. 5722-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 57, No. 9 ( 2008), p. 5722-
    Abstract: In this paper the modal characteristics and leakage loss of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers based on a square lattice with rounded square air holes was investigated by using a full-vector finite element method. It was found that hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers with air core arranged in square lattice can operate in the broad bandgap single mode. The leakage loss was analyzed comprehensively. Simulations show that the core diameter and the hole-to-hole spacing have a small influence on leakage loss, but for a given wavelength the desired lowest leakage loss could be obtained by tuning the value of hole-to-hole spacing, while the rounded diameter has a larger influence on leakage loss than the former factors and it has an optimal value dc/d=0.4. The number of cladding rings plays a key role in the leakage loss and the leakage loss is reduced by nearly 2 orders of magnitude per 2 additional cladding rings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.57.5722
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of meso-pressure six-phase alternative current arc discharge plasma jet: Experiments
    Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Acta Physica Sinica Vol. 67, No. 4 ( 2018), p. 045201-
    Details
    In: Acta Physica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol. 67, No. 4 ( 2018), p. 045201-
    Abstract: During the re-entry process of a supersonic vehicle in near space, the interaction between the flying vehicle and surrounding air is violent due to the hypersonic relative speed.As a consequence, the shock-heated air in the vicinity of the vehicle surface is ionized.Thus, the formed plasma layer operates in strong collision, non-uniform and nonequilibrium states.One of the serious system operation problems resulting from this non-equilibrium plasma layer is the so-called communication blackout.Physical simulation of the near-space plasma environment in laboratory based on various plasma sources is a much lower cost method than the in-situ measurements in the vehicle re-entry process.In this paper, based on the ideas for designing the dual jet direct current arc plasma and the muti-phase alternating current discharge plasma, a physical design on the multi-phase alternating discharge apparatus is proposed for generating a large volume plasma arc-jet.And a multi-phase gas discharge plasma experimental platform-2015(MPX-2015) is established with the image recording/processing, electrical and optical emission spectroscopy measurement system in this laboratory. The preliminary experimental observations show that under a typical operating condition with a 500 Pa background pressure, a large volume plasma jet with a maximum diameter of 14.0 cm and a maximum length of 60.0 cm is obtained on this newly developed platform.The influences of the gas flow rate, the chamber pressure, the electrode gap spacing and the arc current on the characteristics of the plasma free jet and impinging jet are also studied.The experimental results show that within the parameter ranges studied in this paper, the chamber pressure has a very significant influence on the size of the plasma jet, i.e., both the diameter and length of the plasma free jet increase with chamber pressure decreasing, and a similar variation trend is also observed for the thickness and length of the plasma layer surrounding a bluff body.In addition, the size of the plasma layer also increases with the increase of the plasma working gas flowrate and the discharge current.These results are helpful in the more in-depth investigating of the aerodynamic heat effect and blackout issue of the re-entry process of supersonic vehicle in near space in future.In the future research, we will modify the structures of the plasma generators in order to obtain supersonic plasma arc-jets, and study both the quasi-steady and transient characteristics of the arc plasmas, as well as the strong interactions among the plasma jet, the surrounding air and the solid bluff body.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1000-3290 , 1000-3290
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7498/aps
    DOI: 10.7498/aps.67.20172556
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
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