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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation in Svalbard glaciers deduced from ice cores with nuclear tests and Chernobyl reference layers (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Mean net annual balance and the related spatio-temporal variations have been determined on the basis of well-dated artificial layers in shallow ice cores (Chernobyl, 1986, and atmospheric thermonuclear tests, mainly in 1961-62 in Novaya Zemlya). Seventy ice cores from 13 Svalbard glaciers have been analysed. On each glacier, in its accumulation area and at the highest elevation, one ice core was recovered down to about 40 m and sampled for radioactivity measurements to determine the 1986 and 1962-63 layer (1954 was the initial date of the nuclear tests). For each glacier, at least five complementary ice cores from the accumulation area were analysed to determine the Chernobyl reference layer. Six ice cores exhibit both the Chernobyl and nuclear tests layers and are of special interest in this study.This work provides new data on the deposition rates of natural and artificial radioisotopes. Using ice cores samples from the Arctic glaciers, even with superimposed ice accumulation, it is possible to distinguish between the Chernobyl and the nuclear tests fallouts. This work also shows that the mean annual net balance did not significantly change for at least five ice core locations in the Svalbard glaciers for the two periods extending from 1963 to 1986 to the recent date of drilling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00309.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glacier balance trends in the Kongsfjorden area, western Spitsbergen, Svalbard, in relation to the climate (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: For the last thirty years, the mean net balance of two glaciers, Austre Brøggerbreen and Midre Lovénbreen, has been -0.43 and -0.34 m of water equivalent (w.e.). respectively. The mean net balance of Kongsvegen, a tidewater glacier that has been measured since 1987, is 0.11 m w.e. The negative balances of the two first glaciers are driven by the increase in atmospheric temperature which occurred at the end of the Little Ice Age at the beginning of the century. The positive balance of Kongsvegen is due to its higher elevation and larger accumulation area. There is no significant trend in the net balances and no increase of the melting has been detected during the last thirty years.A correlation coefficient of R = 0.83 has been obtained between the net balance of Lovénbreen and the winter precipitation, together with the summer temperature recorded at the neighbouring station of Ny-Ålesund since 1969. With 14 years of data, the correlation coefficient between the net balance and climatic parameters does not increase consistently by introducing any radiation component, but the coefficient correlation between the summer balance of Austre Brøggerbreen and summer temperature increases from 0.68 to 0.77 when introducing global and long-wave radiation for July and August. Weather conditions and the frequency of their changes influence the balance between global and long-wave radiation and changes in albedo values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00308.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Diatom percentage abundances for sediment core KH-10-7 COR1GC from the Conrad Rise, Southern Ocean (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: Centennial and millennial scale variability of Southern Ocean temperature is poorly known, due to both short instrumental records and sparsely distributed high-resolution temperature reconstructions, with evidence for past temperature variability instead coming mainly from ice core records. Here we present a high-resolution (~ 60 year) record of diatom abundance from the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean that spans the interval 14.2 to 1.0 ka BP (calibrated kiloyears before present). The results show the dominant species are Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Thalassiosira lentiginosa, with accompanying species typical of the Polar Front Zone and Permanent Open Ocean Zone. Species associated with warmer temperatures were most abundant in the period 12-9.5 ka BP, while species associated with lower temperatures were abundant at 14.2-9.5 ka BP.
    Keywords: Actinocyclus actinochilus; AGE; Age, calibrated; Azpeitia tabularis; Chaetoceros sp.; Conrad Rise; Counting, diatoms; Deglaciation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; diatoms; Fragilariopsis curta; Fragilariopsis cylindrus; Fragilariopsis doliolus; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis; Fragilariopsis obliquecostata; Fragilariopsis rhombica; Fragilariopsis ritscheri; Fragilariopsis separanda; Fragilariopsis sublinearis; GC; Gravity corer; Holocene; KH-10-7_COR1GC; Porosira glacialis; Porosira pseudodenticulata; Rhizosolenia antennata forma antennata; Sea surface temperature; Southern Ocean; Thalassionema nitzschioides var. lanceolata; Thalassiosira eccentrica; Thalassiosira gracilis; Thalassiosira lentiginosa; Thalassiosira oestrupii; Thalassiosira oliverana; Thalassiosira tumida; Thalassiothrix antarctica; Trichotoxon reinboldii
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5256 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Sea surface temperature reconstruction for sediment core KH-10-7 COR1GC from the Conrad Rise, Southern Ocean (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: Centennial and millennial scale variability of Southern Ocean temperature is poorly known, due to both short instrumental records and sparsely distributed high-resolution temperature reconstructions, with evidence for past temperature variability instead coming mainly from ice core records. Here we present a high-resolution (~ 60 year), diatom-based sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean that spans the interval 14.2 to 1.0 ka BP (calibrated kiloyears before present). During the late deglaciation, the new SST record shows cool temperatures at 14.2–12.9 ka BP and gradual warming between 12.9–11.6 ka BP in phase with atmospheric temperature evolution. This supports that the temperature of the Southern Ocean during the deglaciation was linked with a complex combination of processes and drivers associated with reorganisations of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Specifically, we suggest that Southern Ocean surface warming coincided, within the dating uncertainties, with the reconstructed slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), rising atmospheric CO2 levels, changes in the southern westerly winds and enhanced upwelling. During the Holocene the record shows warm and stable temperatures from 11.6–8.7 ka BP followed by a slight cooling and greater variability from 8.7 to 1 ka BP, with a quasi-periodic variability of 200–260 years as identified by spectral analysis. We suggest that the increased variability during the mid to late Holocene may reflect the establishment of centennial variability in SST connected with changes in the high latitude atmospheric circulation and Southern Ocean convection, as identified in models.
    Keywords: AGE; Age, calibrated; Calculated; Conrad Rise; Deglaciation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; diatoms; GC; Gravity corer; Holocene; KH-10-7_COR1GC; Sea ice concentration; Sea surface temperature; Southern Ocean; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, maximum; Temperature, water, minimum
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 876 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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