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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 5 (1985), S. 133-146 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Infra-red and Raman spectra and scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro sono riportati risultati sugli spettri di assorbimento di H2O nel vicino infrarosso in presenza di una varietà di elettroliti, nell'intervallo di temperatura dello stato liquido. Gli spettri sono analizzati usando un metodo di deconvoluzione, presentato e discusso in precedenti lavori, ottenendone un nuovo grado di risoluzione e completezza d'informazione. Questo ha permesso per la prima volta la separazione della perturbazione indotta dai soluti sulla struttura del solvente in termini di effetti di campo elettrico (comune a tutti gli ioni), effetti sterici (in media dipendenti dai raggi ionici) ed effetti piú fini dovuti alla struttura elettronica dei singoli ioni. Il quadro quantitativo dei parametri spettroscopici ottenuti per le differenti soluzioni nell'intervallo di temperature esplorato offre una base potenzialmente utile per un confronto con i risultati di simulazione al computer.
    Abstract: Резюме Приводятся результаты для слектров инфракрасного поглошения H2O в присутствии различных электролитов в области температуп жидкого состояния. Полученные спектры анализируются, используя метод «развертывания», предложенный в предыдуших работах с целью получения нового уровня полноты информации. Этот подход впервые позволил разделить возмушение, обусловленное растворенным вешеством на структуру растворителя, на эффекты электрического поля (обшие для всех растворенных вешеств), на сферические эффекты (зависяшие от радиуса иона) и на более тонкие эффекты, обусловленные электронной структурой отдельного иона. Количественная система спектроскопических параметров, полученных для различных растворов во всей исследованной области температур, представляет потенциально полезную основу для сравнения с результатами машинного моделирования.
    Notes: Summary Results are reported on near-i.r. absorption spectra of H2O in the presence of a variety of electrolytes, in the temperature range of liquid state. Spectra are analysed by using a deconvolution method, presented and discussed in previous works, thus obtaining a new level of detail and completeness of information. This allows for the first time the separation of solute perturbation on the solvent structure in terms of electric-field effects (common to all solutes), steric effects (mainly determined by the ionic radius) and more subtle effects due to the electronic structure of the specific ion. The quantitative set of spectroscopical parameters obtained for the different solutions in the whole explored temperature range offers a potentially useful ground for comparison with results of computer simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 37 (2000), S. 507-513 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Noradrenalin ; Vasopressoren ; septischer Schock ; Key words Norepinephrine ; catecholamines ; inotropic drugs ; septic shock ; vasopressures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The hemodynamic treatment of septic shock consists of fluid repletion, maintenance of an adequate cardiac output, and restoration of mean arterial pressure. Norepinephrine is a potent vasopressor that can be considered when the patient is adequately fluid resuscitated, when cardiac output is greater than 3.5 l/min/m2 (or Sv O2≥65%) and when blood pressure remains low. The objective is to achieve and maintain a mean arterial pressure of 60–70 mmHg, or more in some patients (older or hypertensive patients). Renal effects of norepinephrine were evaluated in several studies; urine output, creatinine clearance, and osmolar clearance are significantly increased. Norepinephrine is perfectly suited in situations of high renal output and low renal resistance, as is the case in septic shock patients. The effect on oxygen transport is unpredictable. The effects on lactate concentrations were poorly evaluated, but several studies suggest that the drug does not worsen and can even improve tissue oxygenation of septic shock patients. Provided that cardiac output is maintained, treatment with norepinephrine is without negative effects on splanchnic tissue oxygenation. In conclusion, the clinical experience with norepinephrine strongly suggests that this drug can successfully increase blood pressure without deteriorating cardiac output and organ function. Whether using norepinephrine in septic shock patients effects mortality as compared to dopamine or epinephrine still requires a prospective study.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die hämodynamische Behandlung des septischen Schocks besteht aus einer Supplementation von Flüssigkeiten, der Aufrechterhaltung einer ausreichenden Herzleistung und der Wiederherstellung des mittleren Arteriendrucks. Norepinephrine ist ein starker Vasopressor, welcher in Betracht gezogen werden kann, nachdem eine adäquate Flüssigkeitssubstitution gewährleistet ist, wenn die Herzleistung 〉3,5l/min/m3 (oder SvO2≥65%) und wenn der Blutdruck niedrig bleibt. Ziel ist es, einen mittleren Arteriendruck von 60–70mmHg oder mehr bei einigen Patienten (z.B. älteren oder hypertensiven Patienten) einzustellen und zu erhalten. Die Wirkung des Norepinephrine auf die Nieren wurde in mehreren Studien untersucht: Urinmenge, Creatinine-Clearance, und osmolare Clearance werden significant erhöht. Norepinephrine ist optimal geeignet in Fällen von hoher Nierenleistung und niedrigem Nierenwiderstand, wie bei Patienten mit septischem Schock gesehen wird. Die Wirkung auf den Sauerstofftransport ist unverhersehbar. Die Wirkung auf Laktatkonzentrationen wurde ungenügend ausgewertet aber einige Studien deuten darauf hin, dass die Substanz die Oxigenierung der Gewebe nicht verschlechtert und kann sogar diese verbessern bei Patienten mit septischem Schock. Solange die Herzleistung aufrechterhalten wird, ist die Behandlung mit Norepinephrine ohne nachteilige Wirkung auf die splanchnische Gewebeoxigenierung. Zusammenfassend, die klinsiche Erfahrung mit Norepinephrine deutet stark darauf hin, dass diese Substanz in der Lage ist, den Blutdruck zu erhöhen, ohne die Herzleistung oder Organfunktion zu mindern. Ob die Anwendung von Norepinephrine bei Patienten mit septischem Schock eine Wirkung auf die Mortalität gegenüber Dopamin oder Epinephrine hat, muss in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2002), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) – 05.70.Fh Phase transitions: general studies – 75.10.Nr Spin-glass and other random model – 89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We present a detailed study of the phase diagram of the Ising model in random graphs with arbitrary degree distribution. By using the replica method we compute exactly the value of the critical temperature and the associated critical exponents as a function of the moments of the degree distribution. Two regimes of the degree distribution are of particular interest. In the case of a divergent second moment, the system is ferromagnetic at all temperatures. In the case of a finite second moment and a divergent fourth moment, there is a ferromagnetic transition characterized by non-trivial critical exponents. Finally, if the fourth moment is finite we recover the mean field exponents. These results are analyzed in detail for power-law distributed random graphs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 7 (1986), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Friedreich disease ; ataxia clinical rating scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario La “Ataxia Clinical Rating Scale” è stata applicata a 22 pazienti affetti da malattia di Friedreich. Abbiamo riscontrato una correlazione positiva (r=0.64, p〈0.005) tra il punteggio totale e la durata della sintomatologia. Per questo motivo la scala è utile nel follow-up dei pazienti affetti da malattia di Friedreich.
    Notes: Abstract The “Ataxia Clinical Rating Scale” was used on 22 patients with Friedreich disease. We found a positive correlation (r=0.64, p〈0.005) between total score and duration of symptoms. For this reason the scale may be useful in the follow-up of patients affected by Friedreich disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Ataxia ; hereditary spastic paraplegias ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario È stato condotto uno studio di epidemiologia descrittiva sulle atassie e paraplegie spastiche ereditarie nella provincia di Torino (2.327.996 abitanti). Al giorno di prevalenza (31 dicembre 1982), 142 pazienti erano vivi. La prevalenza totale era di 6.1 casi/100.000 abitanti (limiti di confidenza al 95%=5.1–7.0). La prevalenza era di 2.6 per le atassie recessive o sporadiche giovanili, 1.3 per le paraplegie spastiche, 1.2 per le atassie cerebellari dominanti, e 1.1 per le atassie cerebellari ad inizio tardivo. La prevalenza delle eredoatassie nella nostra provincia è simile a quella riscontrata in altre popolazioni, mentre meno frequenti sono le paraplegie spastiche ereditarie.
    Notes: Abstract A descriptive epidemiological survey of hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias was conducted in the province of Torino, Italy (2 327 996 inhabitants). On prevalence day (31 December 1982) 142 patients were alive. Total prevalence was 6.1 cases/100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence limits=5.1–7.0). The prevalence rate was 2.6 for recessive or sporadic juvenile ataxias, 1.3 for spastic paraplegias, 1.2 for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, and 1.1 for late onset cerebellar ataxias. The prevalence of hereditary ataxias is similar in our province to that recorded in other populations, but hereditary spastic paraplegias are less frequent than in other populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies ; genetic epidemiology ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario È stato condotto uno studio clinico, genetico ed epidemiologico sulle neuropatie ereditarie sensori-motorie nella provincia di Torino. I casi sono stati suddivisi in 5 gruppi sulla base di caratteri genetici ed elettroneurografici. L'altra proporzione di pazienti maschi tra i casi recessivi e sporadici potrebbe suggerire l'esistenza di forme ad ereditarietà recessiva X-linked. Il tasso grezzo di prevalenza per tutti i casi era di 3.18 (±0.72/100000 abitanti. L'analisi delle curve di sopravvivenza dei casi conferma la lenta progressione e la modesta sintomatologia della maggior parte dei soggetti affetti da questa malattia.
    Notes: Abstract A clinical, genetic and epidemiological study of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN) was performed in the province of Turin, Italy. The patients were allocated to 5 groups, according to genetic and electroneurographic features. The high proportion of males among recessive and sporadic cases in the present series may suggest the existence of a recessive X-linked form of the disease. The crude prevalence rate was 3.18 (± 0.72)/100.000 population for all cases. The slow progression rate and the frequently mild symptoms of the disease, already suggested in literature, are confirmed by the analysis of the survival curves of the cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrogels of a significant biostructural polymer (agarose) were studied turbidometrically in the course of their isothermal self-assembly. Supramolecular order was characterized by an order parameter and associated correlation length. This type of characterization, in general, may help more in the quantitative measurement of order in biostructures. The picture of processes leading to isothermal gelation appears much richer than expected, and it is probably of more general validity, as it agrees with predictions based on the statistical model of site-bond correlated percolation. At the higher temperatures a spinodal decomposition occurs well before, and possibly triggers [P. L. San Biagio, et al. (1986) Biopolymers 25, 2255-2269], the start of gelation. In this case, the spatial modulation of concentration, as well as topological features of the gel, appear to reflect those of the spinodally decomposed sol. When an upper limit is approached for the temperature of isothermal gelation, both the order parameter and the correlation length exhibit a critical-like behavior. At lower temperatures, the sequence of processes and the resulting features of the gel appear dictated by the (temperature- and concentration-dependent) interplay of spinodal decomposition and gelation processes and kinetics. The present results are believed to provide a basis for a deeper understanding of the relation between the processes of gelation and of spinodal decomposition, and between their time scales.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-01-04
    Description: Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Disaster Risk Management (DRM), and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) involve a variety of stakeholders with different backgrounds, organizational frameworks, divergent concerns, and sometimes competing agendas. This requires forums where such groups can meet in order to enhance understanding, reconcile different views, and potentially assist each other in meeting their respective goals. One means of establishing such an exchange involves serious games. During the ESPREssO (Enhancing Synergies for disaster Prevention in the European Union) project, three such games, referred to as RAMSETE (Risk Assessment Model Simulation for Emergency Training Exercise), were developed. They were based on table-top, role-playing, scenario-based exercises, and their purpose was for stakeholder information elicitation about policy issues related to DRR, DRM, and CCA. Participants in the exercises were assigned roles where they interacted and negotiated in order to deal with the presented scenarios. The scenarios were primarily concerned with selecting an optimal set of policies to deal best with the issue in question. The games, while sometimes including an operational element, were meant to examine the motivations behind the decisions made, rather than to test or to train in response protocols. The participants in general found the games to be useful for framing discussions about complex issues, while their problem-solving character was appreciated and enjoyed. Such games allow stakeholders to openly discuss and challenge ideas, policies, and processes in a manner they would not normally do in their daily activities, with other professionals who they would not necessarily be in frequent contact with.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-04
    Description: The ESPREssO Project set out to propose ways to inform more coherent national and European approaches on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). A critical step in this process is the identification of existing barriers to effective collaboration, finding new areas of common ground, and ways to enhance co-operation with regards to CCA and DRR policymaking in Europe. This is particularly important considering the potential relationships between CCA and DRR activities at the regional, national, European and global levels. Serious games have emerged as a valuable tool to communicate information and catalyse discussion in many policy arenas. The games have the power to inform, mainly by exposing strengths and weaknesses of a system but not necessarily create policy choices. This paper presents the development process and rationale behind creation of RAMSETE I, a serious game developed by and for the ESPREssO Project to elicit information from its stakeholders in aiming to inform synergies between CCA and DRR sectors. The results assess its application as a device to frame discussions during an international Think Tank workshop. The serious game focused on three particular aspects of CCA and DRR policy interactions: (1) separation of administrative responsibilities and the use of different terminology, (2) the ongoing competition for funding and political will as well as (3) difficulties regarding the top-down implementation of policies. The rules and design process are presented briefly, before going in-depth into the information gleaned during its application in the workshop.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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