Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 16 -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 16 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- QUANTUM CHEMISTRY OF NITRIC ACID: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF ITS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of Known Isomers of HNO3 -- 1.2. Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of New Isomers of HNO3 -- 2. THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF N2O5 IN THE GAS AND SOLID PHASES -- 3. THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH-ENERGY STATES OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 -- 4.1. Photochemical Water Decomposition in the Presence of Nitrogen Dioxide in Troposphere -- 4.2. Hydrolysis of NO2* -- 5.1. Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of an NO3 Molecule in Different Electronic States -- 5.2. The Reactivity of High-Energy Nitrogen Trioxide NO3 (2A1) in the Oxidation of N2 and N2O -- 6.1. The Molecular Structures of Dinitrogen Tetraoxide N2O4 Isomers and Quantum-Chemical Evidence for a New Isomer - Nitrosonium Nitrate NO+NO3- -- 6.2. The NO2 Dimerization, Isomerization and Hydrolysis of N2O4 in the Acid-Formation Process -- 7.1. Molecular Mechanism of the NO Oxidation by Oxygen in the Gas Phase -- 7.2. Experimental Data for the Trimolecular Reaction of O2 with Two NO Molecules -- 7.3. Quantum-Chemical Data for the Trimolecular Reaction of O2 with Two NO Molecules -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FURAN RESINS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FURAN DERIVATIVES AS SOLVENTS -- 2.1. Furfural -- 2.2. Furan -- 2.3. Furfuryl Alcohol -- 2.4. Hydroxymethyl Furfural -- 2.5. Dimethylfuran -- 3. FURAN DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS -- 3.1. Inhibition of Free Radical Polymerization -- 3.2. Corrosion Inhibitors -- 3.3. Biological Inhibition -- 4. DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS APPLIED TO FURAN DERIVATIVES -- 4.1. Conditions and Versatility. , 4.2. Furan Rings as Functional Group Modifiers: Synthetic Applications -- 4.2.1. Natural Products -- 4.2.2. Polymers -- 4.2.3. Strategies for Structure Modification -- 4.3. Exploitation of the Thermal Reversibility -- 4.3.1. Recyclable Materials -- 4.3.2. Self-Healing Materials -- 4.3.3. Biomedical Applications: Hydrogels and Drug Delivery -- 5. CHEMICAL AND THERMAL RESISTANT MATERIALS BASED ON FURAN DERIVATIVES -- 6. HIGH CARBON YIELDS: CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS -- 7. REPLACEMENT OF CLASSICAL MATERIALS -- 8. HIGHLY REGULAR STRUCTURES: GRAFTING AND POLYMER MODIFICATION -- 9. HIGHLY CONJUGATED STRUCTURES -- 10. NANOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF FURAN BASED STRUCTURES -- REFERENCES -- A NEW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOND DISTANCES AND BOND STRETCHING WAVENUMBERS OF NO IN COMPLEXES, CLUSTERS, AND ADSORBED ON SINGLE CRYSTAL METAL SURFACES: A VIBRATIONAL SPECTRODIFFRACTOMETRIC ANALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- LIGAND ABBREVIATIONS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 2.1. The Data -- 2.2. Structure and Bonding -- 2.3. Is the Νno Vibration a Good Group-Frequency Mode? -- 3. THE BADGER'S PLOTS -- 4. SOME COMMENTS ON THE IJ AND CIJ* PARAMETER OF THE BADGER RULE -- 5. TWO EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICABILITY OF THE MODIFIED BADGER'S EQUATIONS -- 5.1. The Case of [Fe (NO)(CN)5]2- Anion -- 5.2. The Case of NO/Ni (111) -- an Example of NO Adorbed on Single Cyrstal Metal Surfaces -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) IN METAL-MEDIATED CATALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. CROSS-COUPLING REACTION IN POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) -- 1.1. Suzuki Reaction -- 1.2. Heck Reaction -- 1.3. Sonogashira Reaction -- 2. POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) STABILIZED TRANSITION-METAL NANOPARTICLES -- 2.1. Palladium Nanoparticles -- 2.2. Platinum Nanoparticles -- 2.3. Silver Nanoparticles -- 2.4. Cobalt Nanoparticles. , 3. POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL)-BOUND LIGANDS IN CATALYTIC REACTION -- 3.1. Hydrogenation -- 3.2. Hydroformylation -- 3.3. Suzuki Reaction -- 3.4. Heck Reaction -- 3.5. Sonogashira Reaction -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- WATER CHEMISTRY, A MYSTERY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY AND WATER CONTAMINATION -- 3. GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY AND DRINKING WATER SPECIFICATIONS -- 4. STANDARDIZING THE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS -- 5. WATER, A NUTRIENT -- 6. WATER, A MEDICINE -- 7. MYTH OF MINERAL (BOTTLED) WATER -- 8. WATER FILTERS/ RO UNITS -- 9. OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF DRINKING WATER -- 9. OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF DRINKING WATER -- 11. SAFEGUARDING THE WATER RESOURCES -- CONCLUSION -- MEMBRANE AND MEMBRANE REACTOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR COX PURIFICATION OF GASEOUS STREAMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PRODUCT GAS CLEANING -- 3. COX PURIFICATION VIA MR TECHNOLOGY -- 4. MEMBRANE AND MEMBRANE REACTOR OUTLINES -- 5. INORGANIC MEMBRANE REACTORS -- 1) Carbon Membranes -- 2) Ceramic Membranes -- 3) Zeolite Membranes -- 6. POLYMERIC MEMBRANES FOR COX SEPARATION -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE TRENDS -- LIST OF SYMBOLS -- REFERENCES -- DOCKING OF ANTISCHISTOSOMAL NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH RELEVANT PROTEIN TARGETS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- COMPUTATIONAL METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Molecular Docking -- Glutathione S-Transferase -- Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase -- Superoxide Dismutase -- Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase -- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E -- Cyclophilin A -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- BIOSYNTHESIS OF PROPIONIC ACID BY ANAEROBIC PROCESSES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. FUNDAMENTALS -- 2. PROPIONIC ACID ANAEROBIC BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 3. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS -- REFERENCES -- ANALYSIS OF BAMBOO-CARBONIZED LIQUID AND DETERMINATION OF ITS CONSTITUENTS BY GC-MS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHODS. , Procedure for Carbonization of Bamboo and Collection of Bamboo Carbonized Liquid -- Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- VOLUME 11 -- JAMES C. TAYLOR -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- THE POTENTIAL BINDING POTENCY OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES -- NITROGEN DIOXIDE FOR WASTELESS SUSTAINABLE SYNTHESES -- ACTIVATED CARBONS: PREPARATIONS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS -- EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF FIVE NEW 2-METHYLBENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES -- TREATMENT OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS AND SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS BY DYNAMIC FILTRATION -- ALTERNATIVES TO THE USE OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN ENOLOGY -- ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF PHTHALIMIDE TO ISOINDOLINE -- THE USE OF PASSIVE SAMPLERS FOR ASSESSING PERSONAL EXPOSURE AND AIR CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES, HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN INDOOR, OUTDOOR AND WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTS -- ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND DOCKING STUDIES OF BENZIMIDAZOLE-PYRIMIDINE CONJUGATES -- NOVEL INVESTIGATION OF 1,5-DIAMINO-4-METHYLTETRAZOLIUM PERCHLORATE [C2H7N6] + [CLO4]- :A PROSPECTIVE CHALLENGE TO NITROGEN-RICHIONIC SALTS AND HEALTH RISK -- PROTECTION OF BRONZE BY NEW NON-TOXIC CORROSION INHIBITORS FROM THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL ACID RAIN -- NITROUS OXIDE CLATHRATE HYDRATES -- A GENERAL SOLID-STATE APPROACH TO METALLIC, METAL OXIDES AND PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES -- TREATMENT OF NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) BY IMMOBILIZED NITRIFYING AND DENITRIFYING MICROORGANISM IN TRICKING BIOFILTER -- ACID RAIN: IMPLICATIONS IN PLANTS' GROWTH, BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- RECENT PROGRESS IN HIGH ACCURACY CALCULATIONS OF BASICITY OF ORGANIC SUPERBASES -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH. VOLUME 23 -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: A Systematic Ab-Initio Study of Electronic and Vibrational Properties of Beryllium-VI Polymorphs and Their Corresponding Ground State and Excited States Using Maximally-Localized Wannier Functions -- 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, -- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, US -- 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of -- Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, King Saudi Arabia -- 3Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Numerical Methodology -- 2.1. Ground-State Properties -- 2.2. Excited-State Properties -- 2.3. Vibrational Properties -- 2.4. Polaron Transport Properties Using Wannier Functions -- 2.5. Macroscopic Calculations -- 3. Computational of Physical Properties -- of BeTe, BeSe and BeS Compounds -- 3.1. Lattice Parameters, Elastic Constants and Bulk Moduli -- 3.2. Fundamental Band Gaps -- 3.3. Structural and Vibrational Properties -- 3.4. Wannier Representation and Polaron Transport Quantities -- 3.5. Polaron Transport Properties Using LDA-1/2 Scheme -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Advances in Spectroscopic Investigations of Riboflavin in Aqueous Solutions and Milk -- Chapter 3: Preservative and Antitoxigenic Activities of Phenolic Compounds: Usefulness in Prevention of Microbial Spoilage and Toxin Contamination oF Food Products -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Contaminating Bacteria of Food That Produce Human Diseases or Food Spoilage -- Phytochemicals with Biological Activities -- Edible Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antibacterial Activity -- Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Their Control -- Native Plants from Northwest Argentina as Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds -- Conclusion. , References -- Chapter 4: Viscoelastic Properties and Structure of ABS Polymers -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Shear Viscosity -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Flow Curves -- 2.3. Time-Temperature Superposition -- 2.4. Yield Stress -- 3. Linear Viscoelasticity -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Characteristic Features -- 4. Relation between Viscoelasticity and Structure -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Effect of Composition of Grafted SAN -- 4.3. Effect of Grafting Degree -- 5. Effect of Rubber Particle Size -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Materials -- 5.3. Linear Viscoelasticity -- 5.4. Shear Viscosity -- 6. Nonlinear Stress Relaxation -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Materials and Linear Viscoelasticity -- 6.4. Damping Function -- 6.5. Relaxation Time of SAN Chains -- 7. Extensional Rheology -- 7.1. Elongational Viscosity -- 7.2. Computer Simulation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Dyes in Water: Characteristics, Impacts to the Environment and Human Health, and the Removal Strategies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Dyes: A General Overview -- Dyes in the Environment and Public Health -- Removal of Dyes from Water -- Chemical Treatment -- Biological Treatment -- Physical Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Organometallic Nanostructures: Hydrogen Storage, Structure Stability and Kinetics -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.2. Transition Metal-Decorated Ethylene Nanostructures and Ionization Induced Enhancement in Their Hydrogen Storage -- 1.2.1. C2H4:Sc Nanostructure -- 1.2.2. C2H4:Ti Nanostructure -- Vibrational Spectra and Equilibrium Isotopic Effect -- 1.2.3. Ti2:C2H4 and Ti2:C2H4+ complex -- 1.3. Hydrogen Adsorption on Transition Metal Decorated Carbon-Ring Template -- 1.3.1. Energy Decomposition -- 1.3.2. HOMO-LUMO Gap -- 1.4. Verification of DFT-Predicted Hydrogen Uptake of Complexes Using Dynamic Simulations. , 1.4.1. Ti2:C2H4 Complex -- 1.4.2. V:C3H3 Complex -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Liquid - Liquid Equilibrium for the Ternary System of {n-Hexane + Toluene + 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ethyl Sulfate}: Experimental Measurement and Thermodynamic Modeling -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- Experimental LLE Data -- Solute Distribution and Selectivity -- LLE Data Correlation -- Comparison of Experimental and Correlated Data -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: The Study of Anticoagulant Properties of Leucine and Combined Activities of Its Complexes with High - Molecular - Weight Heparin -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods and Materials -- 2.1. Method of the calculations of the Thermodynamic Models of Chemical Equilibria in the Solution that Imitated of the Blood Plasma -- 2.2. Method of the Calculations of the Thermodynamic Models of Chemical Equilibria in a Diluted Physiological Solution by pH Data -- 2.3. Method of Experimental pH Titration -- 2.4. Method of Experimental Analysis of Blood Coagulation -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Method of the Calculations of the Thermodynamic Models of Chemical Equilibria in the Solution that Imitated of the Blood Plasma -- 3.2. Method of the Calculations of the Thermodynamic Models of Chemical Equilibria in a Diluted Physiological Solution by Ph Data -- 3.2. Method of Experimental Analysis of Blood Coagulation -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CRITICAL ASPECTS IN MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS DESIGN -- FURAN: SYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONS AND CONTROL -- PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO FIBRE AND JAMS ADDED WITH BAMBOO FIBRE -- DIHYDROFURANS: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF 2-AMINO-4,5-DIHYDRO-3-FURANCARBONITRILES -- MICROWAVE ASSISTED FURAN CYCLOADDITIONS: QUANTUM-CHEMICAL REACTIVITY ASSESSMENT -- SYNTHESIS AND MAST CELL STABILIZER ACTIVITY OF 3-(BENZYLOXYMETHYL) FURAN-5H-2-ONE -- INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FURANS AND DRUG METABOLIC ENZYMES -- GENOME-SHUFFLING IMPROVES ACID TOLERANCE OF PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACIDIPROPIONICI AND PROPIONIC ACID PRODUCTION -- ALKENYLATION OF FURANS VIA DEHYDROGENATIVE HECK REACTION -- ASPHALTENE PRECIPITATION IN GAS CONDENSATE SYSTEM.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 8 -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 8 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 ASSOCIATION NATUREOF DYES CHROMATICITY -- ABSTRACT -- EXPERIMENTAL -- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS -- Spectral Properties of Individual and Aggregated Cationic Triphenilmethane Dyes (TPMD) -- The Chromogene Nature of the Malachite Green -- Heptane Extracts Spectra of Products of Malachite Green Hydrolysis -- Similarly Rise in Temperature Operates Also at Extraction -- Spectra of Solutions and Extracts of the Crystal Violet -- Properties of Alkaline Solutions of the Crystal Violet -- Spectra and Properties of Compounds with Quinoid Structure of Molecules -- Spectral Properties of Individual and Aggregated Cation Xanthene Dyes -- Heptane Extracts Properties -- Spectroscopy of TAC films Containing Rodamines -- Spectroscopy of the Painted Cellophane Films -- Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules and Chromogenes of Methylene Blue Dye -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 THERMAL BHAVIOUR AND ENTHALPY RELAXATION IN AROMATIC POLYCARBONATE AND SYNDIOTACTIC POLY(METHYL-METHACRYLATE) -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THERMAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURAL RELAXATION BEHAVIOUR OF PC -- A. Materials -- B. Thermal Properties and Glass Transition Phenomena of Materials -- B.1. Molecular Structure and Tg. -- B.2. Enthalpy Relaxation -- B.3. Effect of Structure on γ Transition -- 3. ENTHALPY RELAXATION IN THE PMMA: EFFECT OF THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 ABOUT GEOMETRICAL AND ELECTRONIC OF THE STRUCTURE OF MOLECULAR INSECTITSID DDT (NOBEL AWARD 1948, P. MULLER) -- ABSTRACT -- AIMS AND BACKGROUNDS -- METHODICAL PART -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 PARAMETERS OF THE COMBUSTION OF DIFFERENTIAL PROPELLANT IN MIXTURE OF OXIDANTS: MOLECULAR OXYGEN-OZONE -- АBSTRACT -- AIMS AND BACKGROUNDS -- METHODICAL PART -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. , REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 COBALOXIMES WITH FUNCTIONALIZED LIGANDS -- ABSTRACT -- EXPERIMENTAL -- Cobaloximes Py{Co[R-C(=NO-)C(=NOH)R,]2}Cl (general technique) -- Alkylcobaloximes Py{Co[R-C(=NO-)C(=NOH)R]2}CH(CH3)X (general technique) -- Borofluoration of Alkylcobaloximes -- Monoadducts Py[Co(Dmg)(DmgBF2)]X (X = F, Cl, Alk) (general technique) -- Diadducts H2O[Co(DmgBF2)2]X (X= F, Cl, Alk) (general technique) -- LITERATURE -- Chapter 6 THE TACTICITY GOVERNED STEREOMICROSTRUCTURE IN POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) (PMMA) AS A WAY TO EXPLAIN ITS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL PART -- Materials -- Characterization of Samples -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Microstructure of the Samples -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 THE MODELING OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEX CATALYSTS IN THE SELECTIVE ALKYLARENS OXIDATIONS WITH DIOXYGEN: THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN - BONDING INTERACTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC OXIDATIONS OF ALKYLARENS WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN -- 3. THE APPLICATION OF THE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR INCREASE IN ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS IN THE OXIDATION PROCESSES -- 3a. Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalyst on Heterogeneous Support for Increase in Activity and Selectivity of Catalyst in the Alkylarens Oxidations -- 3b. Modification of Metal Complex Catalysts with Additives of Monodentate Axial Ligands -- 3c. Modeling of Transition Metal Complex Catalysts upon Addition of Ammonium Quaternary Salts and Macro-Cycle Polyethers as Ligands-Modifiers: The Role of Hydrogen - Bonding Interactions -- 3d. Triple Catalytic Systems Including Bis (Acetylacetonate) Ni(Ii) and Additives of Electron-Donor Compound L2 and Phenol as Exo Ligands -- 4. THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN-BONDING INTERACTIONS IN MECHANISMS OF HOMOGENOUS CATALYSIS. , 4a. The Effect of Small Amounts of H2O in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation, Catalyzed with {Fe(III)(acac)3+R4NBr} System -- 4b. The Effect of Small Amounts of H2O in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation, Catalyzed with {Fe(III)(acac)3+18C6} System -- 5. PARTICIPATION OF ACTIVE FORMS OF IRON AND NICKEL CATALYSTS IN ELEMENTARY STAGES OF RADICAL-CHAIN ETHYLBENZENE OXIDATION -- Catalysis with Nickel Complexes -- Catalysis with Iron Complexes -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 NEW CARBOFUNCTIONAL OLIGOISILOXANES FOR THE SUBSTRATES OF ANTIBIOCORROSIVE COVERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- Method of Analysis -- GENERAL RESULTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 PERFORMANCE, STABILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF DEVELOPED MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PDMS INCORPORATING POLYOCTAHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE AND GRAPHITE NANOFIBRE AS FILLERS -- 2.1. Preparation of Composites -- 2.2. Structure Property Relationships of Selected Composites -- 2.3. Development of PDMS Foams -- 3. REVERSIBLY CURING POLYMERS -- 3.1. Model Systems -- 3.2. Novel Reversibly Curing Materials Using Diels-Alder Chemistry -- 4. POLY(M-CARBORANYL-SILOXANE): THE CARBORANYL UNIT AS A BIFUNCTIONAL POLYMER STABILISER -- 4.1. Preparation of Poly(m-carboranyl-siloxane) -- 4.2. Thermal and γ Stability of Poly(m-carboranyl-siloxane) -- 5. STRESS SENSITIVE POLYSILOXANES [32,33] -- 6. QUALIFICATION OF NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 MOLYBDENUM-INITIATED RING OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION OF NOBORN-5-ENE-2-YL ACETATE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- Chemicals -- Electrochemical Instrumentation -- Generation of Catalyst -- Polymerization Reactions -- Polymer Characterization -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 11 THE CO-OCCURRENCE OF CARRAGEENAN AND AGARAN STRUCTURES IN RED SEAWEEDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ENANTIOMERIC ANALYSIS -- DL- GALACTAN SYSTEMS IN RED SEAWEEDS -- 1. DL-Galactan Systems from "Classical" Carrageenophytes -- a. DL-Galactan Systems from Cystocarpic Plants of the Family Gigartinaceae -- b. DL-Galactan Systems from Seaweeds of the Families Phylophoraceae and Solieriaceae -- c. DL-Galactan Systems from Tetrasporophytes of the Family Gigartinaceae -- 2. DL-Galactan Systems from Other Red Seaweeds of the Order Gigartinales -- 3. DL-Galactan Systems from Red Seaweeds of the Order Halymeniales -- 4. DL-Galactan Systems from Agarophytes of the Order Ceramiales -- 5. DL-Galactan Systems from Agarophytes of the Order Rhodymeniales -- 6. DL-Galactan Systems from Seaweeds of the Order Bonnemaisoniales -- 7. DL-Galactan Systems Detected in Typical Agarophytes -- DEVIATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF CARRAGEENANS (OR CARRAGEENAN BLOCKS) AND AGARANS (OR AGARAN BLOCKS) IN THE DL-GALACTAN SYSTEMS -- ISOLATION OF "PURE" CARRAGEENANS AND/OR "PURE" AGARANS FROM DL-GALACTAN SYSTEMS -- FORMATION OF CARRAGEENAN, AGARAN AND CARRAGEENAN/AGARAN COMPLEXES -- CONCLUSION -- DL-Galactan Hybrids or Molecular Complexes? -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH: VOLUME 6 -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH: VOLUME 6 -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: THE LIQUID CRYSTAL STATE AND SPONTANEOUS CHANGES IN THE SIZE OF ACETATE FIBERS AND FILMS IN THE VAPORSOF MESOPHASOGENIC SOLVENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. OBJECTS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH -- 2. INFLUENCE OF SPECIFIC SOLVATION OF THE POLYMER FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ON THE STRUCTURE FORMATION IN CONDENSED FILM SAMPLES OF CELLULOSE ACETATES -- 3. OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF THE ANISOTROPIC PHASES OF CELLULOSE ACETATES -- Mathematical Processing of the Indicatrices -- 4. STRUCTURE FORMATION IN CONDENSED ANISOMETRIC SAMPLES (FIBERS AND MONOFIBERS) OF CELLULOSE ACETATES IN THE PRESENCE OF MESOPHASOGENIC SOLVENT VAPOR -- 4.1. Kinetics of the Spontaneous Deformation and Swelling of Acetate Fibers in NM and DMSO Vapors -- 4.2. Structural Characteristics of Acetate Fiber Modified in NM and DMSO Vapors -- 4.3. Phase Processes and Energy Parameters of the Spontaneous Cyclic Deformation of Acetate Fiber in the Vapors of Mesophasogenic Solvents -- 4.4. Optical Activity of the Cellulose Acetate (Fiber, Film)-Mesophasogenic Solvent System during the Formation of a Lyotropic LC Phase -- 5. SPONTANEOUS ELONGATION OF ACETATE FIBER IN VAPORS OF APROTIC, AMPHIPROTIC, AND PROTIC SOLVENTS WIDELY USED IN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL PRACTICE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICALLY STUDY ON THE COMBUSTION WAVE AND FLAME PROPAGATION OF METALIZED DOUBLE-BASE PROPELLANTS -- ABSTRACT -- NOMENCLATURE -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 2.1. Materials and Specimens -- 2.2. Instrumentsand Experimentation -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Metal Particles Characterization Results -- 3.2. Burning Rate and Pressure Exponent. , 3.3. Combustion Wave and Heat Transfer in Condensed Phase -- 3.4. AerosolFlame Propagation of the Metal Combustion -- 4. MODELING OF COMBUSTION MECHANISM FOR METALLIZED PROPELLANTS -- 4.1. Hypothetical Physical Models for Metal Particle Combustion -- 4.2. Diffusion Vs. Kinetically Controlled Combustion Mechanism -- 4.3. Simulation to the Combustion Wave Temperature Profiles -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: METABOLIC ENGINEERING FOR ENHANCED BIOFUELS PRODUCTION WITH EMPHASIS ON THE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. UTILIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES -- 2.1. Degradation of Lignocellulose -- 2.2. Engineering Organisms to Use Lignocelluloses Derived Sugars -- 3. BIOFUELS PRODUCTION -- 3.1. Metabolic Engineering for Dark Hydrogen Production -- 4. CONCLUSION, FUTURE OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: HOLMIUM POLYSULFIDES: CRYSTAL GROWTH, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION PERSPECTIVE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 2.1. Crystal Growth and Synthesis of Powders -- 2.2. X-ray Single Crystal Study -- 2.3. Investigation of X-ray Powder Diffractograms -- 2.4. Chemical Analysis and Density Measurements -- 2.5. Tensimetric Experiment -- 2.6. Raman Spectra -- 2.7. Optical Measurements -- 2.8. Magnetic Measurements -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Outward of Crystals -- 3.2. X-ray Single Crystal Analysis -- 3.3. Powder X-ray Diffraction Analysis -- 3.4. Raman Spectroscopy Study -- 3.5. Crystals Density and Composition -- 3.6. Phase Equilibrium in the Hos1.5 - Hos2 System and Thermodynamics of Evaporation Reaction -- 3.7. Optical Spectra -- 3.8. Magnetic Spectra -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: HOLMIUM OXIDE SINGLE CRYSTALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SINGLE CRYSTALS. , 2.1. Growth of Garnet Single Crystals by Floating Zone Technique -- 2.2. Growth of Perovskite Single Crystals by Czochralski Technique -- 2.3. Grown Single Crystals -- 3.MAGNETIC PROPERTIES -- 3.1. Measurement of Magnetic Properties -- 3.2. Magnetic Properties for Magnetic Refrigeration -- 4. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES -- 4.1. Measurement of Thermal Conductivities -- 4.2. Thermal Conductivities -- 5. MAGNETIC FRUSTRATIONS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION RESISTANCE OF GALVANIZED AND UNGALVANIZED CARBON-MANGANESE STEEL WITH COPPER ADDITION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COPPER STEELS -- 3. PHOSPHATED LAYER ON ZINC COATINGS -- 4. ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION TESTS -- 4.1. Preparation of Samples -- 4.2. Corrosion Tests -- 4.3. Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance -- 5. ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PHOSPHATIZED AND PAINTED GALVANIZED STEELS -- 5.1. Effect of Substrate - Accelerated Field Test with Salt Solution Spraying and Field Test -- 6. USE OF RESULTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION TESTS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY -- 6.1. Mechanism of Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper Added Steels -- 6.2. Atmospheric Corrosion Evaluation -- Final Consideration -- 7. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: DELAYED FAILURE OF MARAGING STEELS IN ENVIRONMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OBJECTIVES -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: PREMIXED COMBUSTION OF SPHERICALLY PROPAGATING METHANOL-AIR-NITROGEN FLAMES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND METHOD -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 3.1. Laminar Burning Velocity And Mass Burning Flux -- 3.2. Markstein Length -- 3.3. Flame Morphology -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9: INTERNAL CORROSION OF PIPELINES IN OIL/GAS PRODUCTION. , ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION THERMODYNAMICS -- MECHANISM FOR CO2 CORROSION OF STEEL -- FORMATION OF CARBONATE SCALE AND LOCALIZED CORROSION OF STEEL UNDER SCALE -- CORRELATION OF CO2 CORROSION OF STEEL WITH FLUID HYDRODYNAMICS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10: INFLUENCE OF THE SOLID-LIQUID ADHESION ON THE SELF-ASSEMBLING PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL PARTICLES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Materials -- 2.2. Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization -- 2.3. Precipitant Polymerization -- 2.4. Obtaining the Colloidal Crystals -- 2.5. Redispersing of the Monodisperse Particles in Liquid Media -- 2.6. Characterization -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11: INTERACTION BETWEEN NO AND AN ACTIVATED CARBON AT HIGH TEMPERATURES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Interaction between O2 and Activated Carbon -- Interaction between NO and Activated Carbon in the Absence of O2 -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12: CORROSION RESISTANCE OF METALLIC MATERIALS IN IONIC LIQUIDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 9 -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 9 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE IN THE MINERAL PROCESSING INDUSTRY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHEMISTRY OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE -- 2.1. Equilibrium of S(IV) Species in Aqueous Solution -- 2.2. Structure of S(IV) Species -- 2.3. Redox Properties -- 2.4. Formation of Transition Metal-S(IV) Complexes -- 2.5. Mechanism of Metal Catalysed Autoxidation -- 2.5.1. Inner Sphere Electron Transfer Mechanism -- 2.5.2. Free Radical Mechanism -- 2.5.3. Combined Radical and Non-Radical Mechanism -- 2.6. Autoxidation of SO2 -- 3. SULPHUR DIOXIDE AS A REDUCTANT -- 3.1. Reductive Roasting and Sulphation -- 3.2. Reductive Leaching -- 3.2.1. Reductive Leaching of Mn Oxide Ores -- 3.2.2. Reductive Leaching of Ocean Manganese Nodules -- 3.2.3. Reductive Leaching of Zinc Oxide Minerals -- 3.2.4. Reductive Leaching of Nickel Laterite Ores -- 3.3. Depolarisation in Electrowinning -- 4. THE FE-SO2/O2 OXIDISING SYSTEM -- 4.1. Oxidation of Fe(II) with SO2/O2 -- 4.1.1. Stoichiometry -- 4.1.2. Kinetics and Mechanisms -- 4.1.3. Effect of Copper on Iron Oxidation with SO2/O2 -- 4.2. Leaching of Uranium Ore with the Fe-SO2/O2 System -- 4.3. Leaching Metal Sulphides with the Fe-SO2/O2 System -- 4.3.1. Leaching of Zinc Sulfide with SO2/O2 -- 4.3.1.1.Proposed Mechanism in the Absence of Iron -- 4.3.1.2. Proposed Mechanism in the Presence of Iron -- 4.3.2. Leaching of Nickel Sulfides with SO2/O2 -- 4.3.3. Leaching of Copper Sulphides with SO2/O2 -- 4.4. As(III) Oxidation with SO2/O2 -- 5. THE MN-SO2/O2 SYSTEM -- 5.1. Thermodynamic Consideration and Kinetics -- 5.2. Applications of the Mn-SO2/O2 System -- 5.2.1. Treatment of Manganese Nodules -- 5.2.2. Removal of Manganese and Cobalt from Nickel Leach Solutions. , 5.2.3. Removal of Manganese from Cobalt Solutions -- 5.2.4. Removal of Manganese from Zinc Solutions -- 5.3. Removal and Recovery of Manganese from Waste Effluents -- 6. THE NI-SO2/O2 SYSTEM -- 7. THE CU-SO2/O2 SYSTEM -- 8. ISSUES AND CRITERIA IN PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS -- 9. COMMERICAL APPLICATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- UTILIZATION OF GLYCEROL, A BY-PRODUCT OF THE TRANSESTRIFICATION PROCESS OF VEGETABLE OILS: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GLYCEROL, A BY-PRODUCT OF THE PRODUCTION OF BIOESTERS -- 3. FEEDSTOCK RECYCLING OF GLYCEROL -- 3.1. Pyrolysis and Gasification -- 3.2. Reforming of Glycerol -- 3.3. Photocatalysis as a Method to Convert Glycerol into Hydrogen -- 3.4. Biochemical Conversion of Glycerol into Energetic Raw Materials -- 4. PRODUCT RECYCLING OF GLYCEROL -- 4.1. Selective Catalytic Oxidation -- 4.2. Chemical Conversion of Glycerol into other Chemical Products -- 5. BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL INTO OTHER PRODUCTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INHIBITION OF Na+,K+-ATPase AND Mg2+-ATPase BY METAL IONS AND COMPLEXES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. ACTIVITY OF Na+,K+-ATPase AND Mg2+-ATPase -- 1.1. ATPases Catalyse ATP Hydrolysis -- 1.2 Sensitivity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase Towards Inhibitors -- 1.3. Determination of Na+,K+-ATPase Activity -- 1.3.1. Spectroscopic Methods -- 1.3.2. HPLC Methods -- 1.3.3 Coupled Enzymatic Methods -- 1.3.4. Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Methods -- 2. MODULATION OF Na+,K+-ATPase AND Mg2+-ATPase ACTIVITY BY METAL IONS -- 2.1. Vanadium as The Specific Na+,K+-ATPase Inhibitor -- 2.2. Inhibition by First Transition Series Elements and Heavy Metals -- 2.3. Inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase by Inorganic Complexes -- 2.3.1. Platinum-Metal Drugs -- 2.3.2. Pd(II) Complexes -- 2.3.2. Au Complexes. , 3. STABILITY AND RECOVERY OF ACTIVITY INHIBITION BY -SH CONTAINING LIGANDS -- 4. KINETIC ANALYSIS -- 4.1 Metal Ions -- 4.2. Metal Complexes -- 3. PRINCIPLE OF THE Na+,K+-ATPase BASED BIOANALYTICAL TOOL -- 3.1. Immobilization of Na+,K+-ATPase -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING A COMBINATION OF CAVITATIONAL REACTORS AND FENTON PROCESSES: CURRENT STATUS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- COMBINATION OF ACOUSTIC CAVITATION AND FENTON CHEMISTRY -- REACTORS DESIGNS FOR COMBINATION OF ACOUSTIC CAVITATION AND FENTON CHEMISTRY -- OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE AND GUIDELINES FOR OPTIMUM OPERATING PARAMETERS -- COMBINATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION AND FENTON PROCESSES -- REACTOR DESIGNS FOR HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION AND FENTON CHEMISTRY -- OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE ON COMBINATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION AND FENTON PROCESSES: -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- DIOXIN AND DIABETES -- REFERENCES -- YTTERBIUM NANOPARTICLES: PROPERTIES, RECENT SYNTHESIS DEVELOPMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION: NANOSTRUCTURES AS BUILDING BLOCKS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY -- 1.1. Properties of Nanoparticles: Quantum Size Effects -- 1.2. Properties of Nanoparticles: Surface Effects -- 1.3. Top-down Approaches for Nanoparticle Synthesis -- 1.4. Bottom-up Approaches for Nanoparticle Synthesis -- 2. YTTERBIUM NANOPARTICLES -- 2.1. Properties of Ytterbium Nanoparticles -- 2.2. Attempts at Synthesizing Ytterbium Nanoparticles -- 2.3. The Winning Exploitation of Hybrid Top-down/Bottom-up Strategy to Synthesize Yb Nanoparticles -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- CHEMOINFORMATICS: A MODERN TOOL FOR APPLIED CHEMISTRY -- INTRODUCTION -- WHY MUST WE USE INFORMATICS METHODS IN CHEMISTRY? -- IS IT CHEMINFORMATICS OR CHEMOINFORMATICS? -- THE HISTORY OF CHEMOINFORMATICS -- 1. Chemical Structure Representation. , 2. Structure Searching -- Substructure Searching -- Similarity Searching -- Fingerprint Representations -- 3. Quantitative Structure Activity/Property Relationship (QSAR/QSPR) -- 4. Chemometrics -- 5. Molecular Modeling -- 6. Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) -- 7. Computer-Assisted Synthesis Design (CASD) -- BASICS OF CHEMOINFORMATICS -- 1. Representation of Chemical Compounds -- Linear Notations -- Smiles (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) -- Canonicalization -- Sources of 3D informations and the representation of molecules in 3D form -- 2. Representation of Chemical Reactions -- 3. Data in Chemistry -- 4. Datasources and Databases -- 5. Structure Search Methods -- 6. Methods for Calculating Physical and Chemical Data -- 7. Calculation of Structure Descriptors -- 8. Data Analysis Methods -- CHEMISTRY-BASED DATA MINING AND EXPLORATION -- APPLICATIONS OF CHEMOINFORMATICS -- 1. Fields of Chemistry -- Absorption -- Distribution -- Metabolism -- Excretion/Eliminatiom -- Toxicity -- 2. Teaching Chemoinformatics -- MODEL TO PREDICT TOXICITY -- Chemoinformatics in the Textile Industry -- Combinatorial Organic Synthesis (COS) -- High-Throughput Screening (HTS) -- Chemoinformatics (CI) -- CHEMOBIOINFORMATICS -- KEY CHALLENGES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- DIOXIN RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF THE GENES ENCODING MACROPHAGEAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND CYTOKINES: PREDICTION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE HISTORY OF DIOXIN STUDIES -- THE MECHANISM OF DIOXIN ACTION -- THE SEARCH FOR DRES USING THE SITECON METHOD FOR RECOGNITION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES -- DETECTION OF NEW DRES IN THE REGULATORY REGION OF THE HUMAN GENES ENCODING CYTOSOLIC CORE COMPLEX COMPONENTS -- CROSSTALK OF AHR- AND NF-ΚB-MEDIATED SIGNALING CASCADES. , SEARCH FOR DRES IN THE REGULATORY REGIONS OF SEVERAL CYTOKINE AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENES EXPRESSED IN MACROPHAGES -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- DIVIDING WALL DISTILLATION TRAINS FOR THE SEPARATION OF PETROCHEMICAL MIXTURES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PROBLEM STATEMENT -- OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY -- ANALYSIS OF RESULTS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SURFACE INTERFACE AND THE ATMOSPHERE AS A SOURCE OF UNCERTAINTY IN CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACES -- 2.1. Energy Exchange Across Environmental Interfaces -- 2.2. Entropy as a Measure of the Complexity of Energy Exchange Across Environmental Interfaces -- 2.3. Consideration of The Difference Equation Representing Energy Exchange Across an Environmental Interface -- 2.4. Analysis of the Entropies of the Difference Equation Representing Energy Exchange across an Environmental Interface -- 3. ENERGY EXCHANGE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACES -- 3.1. Coupled Maps Representing Energy Exchange between Biophysical Environmental Interfaces -- 3.2. Lyapunov Exponent and Cross Sample Entropy of Coupled Maps Representing Energy Exchange between Biophysical Environmental Interfaces -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- THE TOPOLOGY MORPHOLOGY COMPARISON OF NANO-STRUCTURAL UNITS BETWEEN HEATING AND HIGH-PRESSURE GELATINIZATION OF STARCH GRANULES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Test Materials and Equipments -- 2.1.1 Test Materials -- 2.1.2 The Main Instrument Test -- 2.2 Test Method -- 2.2.1 Methods of Starch Heating Gelatinization -- 2.2.2 Methods of Starch High-Pressure Gelatinization. , 2.2.3. Atomic Force Microscope Scan Starch Samples Nano-Structural Unit.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 14 -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 14 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ADVANCES IN OXIDATIVE DECOMPOSITION OF OXALIC ACID IN AQUEOUS MEDIA -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ORIGINS, SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE -- 3. REACTIVITY AND TOXICITY -- 3.1. Thermal Decomposition of Oxalic Acid -- 3.2. Chemical Reactivity -- 4. DECOMPOSITION METHODS -- 4.1. Physical Methods -- 4.2. Chemical Methods -- 4.3. Biochemical and Enzymatic Methods -- 5. CONVENTIONAL OXIDATIVE DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES -- 5.1. Fenton Oxidative Techniques -- 5.2. Photochemical Techniques -- 5.3. Photocatalytic Oxidation Techniques (UV/Tio2) -- 5.4. Ozonation -- 5.4.1. Molecular Ozone Attack -- 5.4.2. Radical Attack -- 5.5. Correlation between pH on OH* Radical -- 6. ADVANCED OXIDATIVE TECHNIQUES -- 6.1. Ozonation under UV Exposure -- 6.2. Ozonation under UV Exposure in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide -- 6.3. Catalytic Ozonation -- 7. CATALYSTS FOR OZONATION -- 7.1. Dissolved Metal Cation Catalysts -- 7.2. Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 7.3. TiO2 Catalysts and Derivatives -- 7.4. Carbon-Based Catalysts -- 7.5. Aluminosilicate-Based Catalysts -- 8. OZONATION OVER CLAY-BASED CATALYST -- 8.1. Effect of the Solid Surface -- 8.2. Role of Ph on the Clay Behavior and Reagent-Surface Interactions -- 8.2.1. Ozonation at Low pH on Clay-Based Catalysts -- 8.2.2. Ozonation at Elevated pH on Clay-Based Catalysts -- 8.2.3. Adsorption and OH* Radical Contributions -- 8.3. Role of the Exchangeable Cation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACRYLAMIDE -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 3. PRODUCTION AND USE -- 4. EMISSION INTO THE ENVIRONMENT -- 5. EXPOSURE OF HUMANS -- 6. INTAKE WITH FOOD -- 7. INTAKE WITH TOBACCO SMOKE -- 8. OTHER ACRYLAMIDE SOURCE -- 9. TOXICOLOGY -- 10. CHRONIC TOXICICITY IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS. , 10.1. Carcinogenicity -- 10.2. Neurotoxicity -- 11. CHRONIC TOXICITY IN HUMANS -- 11.1. Carcinogenicity -- 11.2. Neurotoxicity -- 11.3. Relationship between Internal Exposure and Neurotoxic Effects -- 12. ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, KINETICS AND METABOLISM -- 12.1. Absorption and Distribution -- 12.2. Metabolism -- 13. HB ADDUCTS -- 14. DNA ADDUCTS -- 15. GST POLYMORPHISMS -- 16. HUMAN BIOMONITORING -- 17. ANALYTICS -- 18. ACRYLAMIDE FORMATION IN FOODS -- 18.1 Reaction Product from Acrylamide Observed in Humans -- 18.2. Acrylamide Formation during Cooking: Identification and Quantification -- 18.3. Chemical Mechanisms for Acrylamide Formation -- 18.4. Acrolein Formation from lipids -- 18.5. Acrolein Formation from Amino Acids, Proteins and Carbohydrates -- 18.6. Formation of Acrylamide through Amino Acid Reactions not Involving Acrolein -- 18.7. The Maillard Reaction as the Route for Acrylamide Formation -- 18.8. Review of Factors Influencing the Maillard Reaction -- 19. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACRYLAMIDE -- 20. PRODUCTION AND USE -- 21. MODIFIED ACRYLAMIDE BASED ON HYDROGELS -- REFERENCES -- ACRYLAMIDE FORMATION IN FOODS: HEALTH IMPLICATIONS AND MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT IS ACRYLAMIDE? -- Main Chemical and Physical Properties of Acrylamide -- Acrylamide Reactions with other Molecules -- ACRYLAMIDE FORMATION IN HEAT PROCESSED FOODS -- Which Are the Major Acrylamide Precursors and Pathways? -- Which are the Foods which Commonly Contain Acrylamide? -- Exposure Estimation of Acrylamide -- ACRYLAMIDE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS -- Dietary Acrylamide and Cancer -- Mechanism of Acrylamide Carcinogenicity -- Toxicokinetics of Acrylamide -- Metabolism of Acrylamide -- Acrylamide Biomarkers-New Insights in Exposure and Mode of Action -- ACRYLAMIDE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES - A PREVENTION APPROACH -- Changes in Process Parameters. , Reduction of Precursor's Levels in Raw Materials -- Acrylamide Mitigation by Using Several Technologies Combined -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ONE OF THE RECENT DISCOVERIES IN CATALYSIS: THE PHENOMENON OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROMOTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROMOTION -- 3. ORIGIN AND MECHANISM -- 3.1. The Effective Double Layer -- 3.2. Work Function -- 3.3. Types of Electrochemical Promotion Behaviour -- 4. EXPERIMENTAL FEATURES -- 4.1. Solid Electrolytes -- 4.2. Catalyst-Electrodes -- 4.3. Set-up -- 5. SOME RECENT APPLICATIONS OF THE PHENOMENON OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROMOTION -- 5.1. N2O Reduction -- 5.2. CH4 Combustion -- 5.3. Water Gas Shift (WGS) Reaction -- 6. BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES FOR OXALATE METABOLISM IN WOOD-ROTTING BASIDIOMYCETES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OXALATE-PRODUCING ENZYMES IN THE BROWN-ROT FUNGUS FOMITOPSIS PALUSTRIS -- 2.1. Cytochrome C-Dependent Glyoxylate Dehydrogenase (FpGLOXDH) -- 2.2. Oxaloacetate Acetylhydrolase (FpOAH) -- 3. BICYCLE MECHANISMS FOR OXALATE BIOSYNTHESIS IN WOOD-ROTTING FUNGI -- 4. ROLES FOR OXALATE TRANSPORTER IN CARBON METABOLISM OF F. PALUSTRIS -- 5. ROLES OF OXALATE METABOLISM IN RELATION TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF OXALATE-DEGRADING AND NONDEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- USE OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN SLAUGHTERING, PROCESSING AND PACKAGING OF MUSCLE FOODS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CO EXPOSURE TO HUMANS -- USE OF CO FOR SEDATION AND KILLING OF ANIMALS -- Terrestrial Animals -- Fish -- ANALYSIS OF CO -- Air -- Water -- Human Blood -- Meat and Fish Tissue -- PRETREATMENT -- Filtered Smoke -- Direct Use of Carbon Monoxide -- CO FOR PACKAGING -- REACTIONS OF CO WITH HEME PROTEINS. , METABOLISM AND CO -- Temperature - Cooking -- LEGAL ASPECTS -- USFDA - Filtered Smoke 2000 -- USFDA - 2002 -- USFDA 2004 -- CONSUMER ASPECTS -- Consumption of CO Treated Muscle Foods -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF OXALIC ACID IN NANOTECHNOLOGY: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEVELOPMENT OF METAL OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES (MONS) -- 2.1. Oxalic Acid as an Additive in Preparation of MONs -- 2.2. Tuning the Properties of MONs by Oxalic Acid -- 3. DEGRADATION OF OXALIC ACID BY NANOCATALYSTS -- 4. OXALIC ACID IN FABRICATION OF SELF ARRANGED NANOTEMPLATES -- 4.1. Importance of Porous Alumina in Nanotechnology -- 4.2. Growth Mechanism of Porous Alumina -- 4.3. Peculiarities of Porous Alumina Prepared with Oxalic Acid -- 5. DISSOLUTION OF METAL OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NOVEL SELF-OSCILLATING POLYMER CHAINS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION -- 2.1. Polymerization -- 2.1.1. Synthesis of Poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)3-co-AMPS) -- 2.1.2. Synthesis of Poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)3-co-MAPTAC) with BrO3- as the Counter Ion -- 2.1.3. Synthesis of the Poly(VP-co-Ru(bpy)3) -- 2.2. Measurement -- 2.2.1. Measurement of Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) -- 2.2.2. Measurement of Self-oscillations for Poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)3-co-AMPS) Solution under Acid-free Condition -- 2.2.3. Measurement of Self-oscillations for Poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)3-co-MAPTAC) Solution under Oxidant-free Condition -- 2.2.4. Measurement of Self-oscillations for Poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)3-co-AMPS-co-MAPTAC) Solution under the Biological Condition -- 2.2.5. Measurement of Optical Oscillations of the Poly(VP-co-Ru(bpy)3) -- 3.1. Results and Discussion -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- OXALIC ACID AS A SACRIFICIAL AGENT IN THE PHOTOREDUCTION OF WATER CONTAMINANTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL. , 2.1. Experimental Set-Up -- 2.2. Experimental Procedures -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. The Oxalic Acid as Sacrificial Agent -- 3.2. Effect of Catalyst Reuse or Preconditioning -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH VALUABLE ASTAXANTHIN PRODUCT FROM SHRIMP WASTE WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TECHNOLOGIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. EXTRACTION OF ASTAXANTHIN FROM SHRIMP CRUSTACEAN BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Experimental -- 1.2.1. Raw Materials -- 1.2.2. Sample Preparation -- 1.2.3. Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- 1.2.4. Analytical Method -- 1.3. Results and Discussions -- 1.3.1. HPLC Analysis -- 1.3.2. Conventional Solvent Extraction -- 1.3.3. Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- Conclusion -- References -- 2. ENCAPSULATION OF ASTAXANTHIN NANOPARTICLE BY THE RAPID EXPANSION OF SUPERCRITICAL SOLUTIONS (RESS) -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1. Materials -- 2.2.2. Preparation of Astaxanthin Particle by RESS Technique -- 2.2.3. Conventional Re-Crystallization Astaxanthin -- 2.2.4. Particle Characterization -- 2.2.5. Particle Size Distribution -- 2.3. Results and Discussion -- 2.3.1. Conventional Crystallization -- 2.3.2. RESS Crystallization -- 2.4. Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID -- 1. LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID -- METABOLISM -- 2. LPA RECEPTORS -- 3. BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF LPA -- Nervous System -- Vascular System -- Immune System -- Reproductive System -- Cancer -- 4. AUTOTAXIN (ATX) -- Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases (NPPs) -- NPP Structure -- NPP Mechanism and Specificity -- NPP Substrate Specificity -- Initial Discovery of ATX and Its Role in LPA Production -- Physiological and Pathological Roles of ATX -- Structure of Autotaxin -- Inhibition of Autotaxin -- 5. INTERDICTING THE LPA PATHWAY -- LPA Receptor Antagonists -- Thio-ccPA 18:1. , Reported Inhibitors of Autotaxin.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 20 -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 APPLICATION OF SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN THE QUALITY CONTROL OF PHARMACEUTICALS: AN OVERVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CHEMOMETRICS TOOLS AND SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 BEER ANALYSES IN EACH STEPOF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR MALTOSE DETERMINATION -- ABSTRACT -- GLOSSARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SENSORY AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN BEER INDUSTRY -- DAILY QUALITY CONTROL. BEER ANALYSIS IN EACH STEP OF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 COAGULATION, FLOCCULATION, AGGLUTINATION AND HEMAGLUTINATION: SIMILAR PROPERTIES? -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION -- 3. SYNTHETIC COAGULANT SUBSTANCES -- 4. NATURAL COAGULANT SUBSTANCES -- 5. AGGLUTINATION AND HEMAGLUTINATION -- 6. DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS -- 7. LECTINS AS COAGULANT AND AGGLUTINATING AGENTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 APPLICATIONS AND USES OF FORMIC ACIDIN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE USE OF FORMIC ACID IN SAMPLE TREATMENT METHODOLOGIES -- INFLUENCE OF FORMIC ACID IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS -- FORMIC ACID IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY APPLICATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE THEORY OF JOINT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS TO CHEMICAL SCIENCES/ENGINEERING -- ABSTRACT -- LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. APPLICATIONS: MATHEMATICAL FORMULATIONS -- III. APPLICATIONS: QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 NUTRITIONAL VARIATION IN THE PROCESSOF BREWING PILSNER BEER -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION. , ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 THE LONG-RANGE ORDER IN MnSO4 WATER SOLUTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 THE ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION OF ALKYL AND ARYL DERIVATIVES OF MALONIC ACID -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE EQUATIONS -- THE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- THE EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH. VOLUME 21 -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFOULING PROPERTIES OF LIPOPHILIC BISMUTH COMPOUNDS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cationic Bismuth Chelates -- Zero-Valent Bismuth - Bal Nanoparticles -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: RHEOLOGY OF CARBON BLACK SUSPENSIONS -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Three Types of Dynamic Viscoelastic Behavior -- 4. Steady-State Shear Viscosity of Strongly Flocculated Systems -- 5. Viscoelastic Behavior of Weakly Flocculated Systems -- 6. Viscoelastic Behavior of Well Dispersed Systems -- 7. Effect of Suspending Media on the Sol-Gel Transition Behavior -- 8. Heat-Induced Gelation and Its Reversibility -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON BLACKSBY HIGH RESOLUTION N2 ADSORPTIONISOTHERMS FROM P/PO=10-7TO P/PO=0.998:APPLICATION OF STANDARD aS DATATO ANALYSIS OF MICROPOROSITY OF ACTIVATED CARBONS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- B. Application of as Method to Analysis of Activated Carbon Adsorbents -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: DOUBLY BONDED MOLECULES CONTAINING BISMUTH AND OTHER GROUP 15 ELEMENTS IN THE SINGLET AND TRIPLET STATES -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: GROWTH OF NANOCRYSTALS FROM AMORPHOUS Bi -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental Procedures -- Experimental Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 6: MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF NOBLE GASES -- Abstract -- 1. Heuristic Considerations. Significance of Low Viscosity -- 2. Main Axiom and Theorem. , 3. Coincidence of the Solution of Distributions ofBose-Einstein Type for Fractional Dimension withthe Solutions Obtained in the Van-der-WaalsModel -- 4. The Law of Preference of Cluster Formation over Passage to Liquid State -- 5. Supercritical State as the Parastatistics of Clusters -- 6. Asymptotic Continuation of a Perfect Liquid to the Second Sheet -- 7. The Positive Chemical Potential for the Number of Degrees of Freedom Less than 2 ( < -- 0) -- References -- Chapter 7: PROPERTIES OF RAREFIED NOBLE GAS FLOWS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Main Concept -- Numerical Methods -- Slip Phenomena -- Flows through Long Channels -- Conclusion -- References -- INDEX.