Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Brief Idea about Hydrogel -- 3. Classifications of Hydrogels -- 3.1. Based on Source of Monomer or Polymer -- 3.2. Based on Durability of Hydrogel -- 3.3. Classification Based on Environmental Response to Stimuli -- 3.3.1. Smart Hydrogels -- 3.3.2. pH-Sensitive Hydrogels -- 3.3.3. Temperature Sensitive Hydrogel -- 3.3.4. Complexing Hydrogels -- 3.3.5. Ion-Sensitive Hydrogels -- 3.3.6. H-Bonding Hydrogel -- 3.3.7. Stimuli Responsive Hydrogels -- 3.3.8. Other Classification -- 4. Applications of Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering -- 4.1. Hydrogels for Wound Dressings -- 4.2. Bone Tissue Engineering -- 4.2.1. Injectable Hydrogels Used for Bone Tissue Engineering -- 4.3. Cartilage Tissue Engineering -- 4.4. Meniscus Tissue Engineering -- 4.4.1. Principles of Substitution of the Meniscus -- 4.5. Skin Tissue Engineering -- 4.6. Tendon Tissue Engineering -- 4.7. Cornea Tissue Engineering -- 4.8. Cardiac Tissue Engineering -- 4.9. Hydrogels in Neural Tissue Engineering -- 5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering -- 5.1. Advantages -- 5.2. Disadvantages -- 5.3. Future Perspectives of Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Applications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Multifunctional Supramolecular Gels - An Overview -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Design and Synthesis of Functional Gelators -- 3. Functional Aspects -- 3.1. Responsive Materials -- 3.2. Catalysis -- 3.3. Sensing -- 3.4. Templates for Nano Particles -- 3.5. Biomaterials -- 3.6. Oil Spill Remediation and Pollutant Removal -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Drying of Aromatic Plants: Processes and Effects -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Drying Technologies -- Sun Drying -- Indirect Solar Drying/Shade Drying. , Lyophilisation (Freeze-Drying) -- Hot Air Drying -- Microwave Drying -- Microwave Vacuum Drying -- Fluidized Bed Drying -- Drying with Supercritical CO2 -- Radiofrequency Drying -- Ultrasound Assisted Drying -- Infrared Drying -- Effect of Drying on the Physical Properties of Aromatic Plants -- Mint -- Basil -- Coriander -- Thyme -- Parsley -- Oregano -- Rosemary -- Dill -- Bay -- Effect of Drying on the Chemical Properties of Aromatic Plants -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Single Crystal X-Ray Structures and Anticancer Activity Studies on Thiazolidine Derivatives -- Abstract -- 1. Single Crystal X-Ray Spectroscopic Structure Studies on T4CA Derivatives -- 2. Diastereoselectivity Calculation of 2A-T4CA Using Single Crystal X-ray Structures [8] -- 2.1. Crystal Structure of Diastereomer 2a [8] -- 2.3. Supramolecular Aggregation Assembly (3D-Pattern) in 2a [8] -- 3. Thiazolidine Derivatives with Anticancer Properties -- 4. Anti Breast Cancer Activity of N-BOC Protected 2-Aryl-Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Anilides (N-BOC-2A-T4CA) [22] -- 4.1. Synthesis of Compounds 2A-T4CA Moieties (2a-2t) -- 4.2. Synthesis and Separation of N-BOC-2A-T4CA Moieties (3a-3f) -- 4.3. Single Crystal X-Ray Crystallographic Structures of 2s, 3b, 3c, 3e and 3f [22] -- 4.4. In Vitro Anticancer Activity -- 4.4.1. Cell Viability Studies by MTT Assay [23] -- 4.4.2. Fluorescence Microscopy -- 4.5. In Vitro Anticancer Activity -- 4.6. Cell Morphology Studies by Fluorescence Microscopy -- 5. Thiazolidine Amides and Their Biological Significance -- 5.1. Cytotoxicity Study of the Thiazolidine Anilides [30] -- 5.2. Single Crystal X-ray Structures of Compounds 3, 4b and 6b -- 5.3. Anticancer Activity -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Low Molecular Mass Gelators Based on Thiazole Derivatives: Design and Function -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Thiazole and Its Derivatives Based on Molecular Design -- 2.1. Salts -- 2.2. Amides -- 2.3. Urea Derivatives -- 2.4. Metal Complexes -- 3. Effect of Solvent Parameters on Gelation -- 4. Characterization -- 4.1 Thixotropy -- 4.2. Small Angle Scattering -- 4.3. VT-NMR -- 4.4. FT-IR, PXRD, SEM -- 4.5. Computational Modelling -- 5. Applications -- 5.1. Template Directed Nano Particle Synthesis -- 5.2. Heavy Metal Gelation -- 5.3. Sensing -- 5.4. Other Applications -- Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 6 -- Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of a Niobate Material for RF Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Case Study -- 1. Samples Preparation -- 2. Material Characterization -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Structural and Morphologic Characterization -- 3.2. Dielectric Characterization -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Nitrogen Containing Conjugated Building Blocks for Use in Organic Electronics -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nitrogen Containing Building Blocks in Organic Electronics -- 2.1. Benzothiadiazoles and Benzoquinoxalines -- 2.2. Thienopyrazines -- 2.3. Benzobisthiadiazoles -- 2.4. Benzoselenodiazoles -- 2.5. Benzotriazoles -- 2.6. Carbazoles -- 2.7. Dithienopyrroles -- 2.8. Phthalimides -- 2.9. Thienopyrrolediones -- 2.10. Diketopyrrolopyrroles -- 2.11. Bithiophene Imides -- 2.12. Thienoisoindolediones -- 2.13. Isoindigos -- 2.14. Naphthalene Diimides and Perylene Diimides -- 2.15. Naphthobisthiadiazoles -- 2.16. Azaacenes -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 8 -- Study of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Compounds MS2 (M = Ti, Mo, W): An Ab-Initio Approach -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Computational Theory -- Results and Discussion -- Structural Optimization -- Electronic Properties -- Energy Band Structure -- Density of States. , Optical Properties -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 -- Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Amino Acids -- 1.2. L-Cysteine -- 1.3. Absolute and Relative Configuration of L-Cysteine -- 2. Synthesis of Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acids by Reaction of L-Cysteine and Aldehydes -- 3. Mechanism of Cyclization Reaction of the L-Cysteine and Aldehyde -- 4. Biological Activities of the T4CA Derivatives -- 5. Antioxidant Activity of 2-Aryl Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acids -- 6. Antibacterial Activity of T4CA -- References -- Chapter 10 -- Removal of Beryllium (Be2+) from Aqueous Solutions by Chelating Resins -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Method -- Materials and Reagents -- Be2+ Analysis -- Testing Equipment -- Results and Discussion -- Influence of Resin Dose on the Removal of Be2+ -- Influence of Initial Solution pH on the Removal of Be2+ -- Kinetic Studies -- Isotherm Studies -- Thermodynamic Studies -- Regeneration Studies -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 11 -- Removal of Beryllium (Be2+) from Aqueous Solutions by Biopolymer-Enhanced Ultrafiltration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Chemicals and Materials -- Membrane Preconditioning -- Dead-End Ultrafiltration Experiments -- Characterization of Water-Soluble Polymer -- Results and Discussion -- Characterization of Water-Soluble Polymer -- Effect of Be2+: Polymer Mole Ratio on the Removal of Be2+ -- Effect of Initial Solution pH on the Removal of Be2+ -- Effect of Contact Time on the Removal of Be2+ -- Effect of Interfering Ions on the Removal of Be2+ -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- References -- Contents of Earlier Volumes -- Index -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Molecular Absorption Spectrometry of Fluorine and Chlorine in a Graphite Furnace: A Theoretical Consideration of Thermochemical Processes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Electrothermal Molecular Absorption Determination of Fluorine and Chlorine -- Theoretical Aspects of the Spectrometry of Diatomic Molecules -- Electrothermal Molecular Absorption Determination of Fluorine, Chlorine and Iodine -- Sample Drying Stage -- Pyrolysis Stage -- Stage of Vaporization and Formation of Molecules -- Simulation of Thermochemical Processes in an Electrothermal Atomizer -- Development of the Procedure for Thermodynamic Simulation Using the Example of SrF -- Introduction of Sr(NO3)2 and NaF Solutions Together -- Introduction of Sr(NO3)2 and NaF Solutions Separately -- Thermodynamic Simulation of the Pyrolysis Stage -- Introduction of Sr(NO3)2 and NaF Solutions Together -- Introduction of Sr(NO3)2 and NaF Solutions Separately -- Thermodynamic Simulation of the Stage of Vaporization and Formation of Molecules -- Introduction of Sr(NO3)2 and NaF Solutions Together -- Introduction of Sr(NO3)2 and NaF Solutions Separately -- Theoretical Study of the Formation Mechanism of Molecules CaF for Fluoride Determination Using Electrothermal Molecular Absorption Spectrometry -- Sample Drying Stage -- Pyrolysis Stage -- Stage of Vaporization and Formation Molecules -- "Thin" layer Contacting or not Contacting with the Carbon Atomizer -- "Thin" Layer not Contacting with the Carbon Atomizer -- Procedure of Thermodynamic Simulation for Molecular Absorption Analysis in the Graphite Furnace -- Sample Drying Stage -- Pyrolysis Stage -- Stage of Vaporization and Formation of Molecules -- First Stage - Vaporization. , Second Stage - The Arrival of Gaseous Components of the Sample into the Analytical Zone of a thoroughly Warmed Graphite Furnace (Formation of Molecules) -- Electrothermal Determination of Chlorine by Molecular Absorption of InCl and SrCl -- Experimental Determination of Chlorine by Molecular Absorption of InCl -- Use of Various Chemical Modifiers -- Introduction of Chlorine as NH4Cl -- Comparison of Calibration Curves and Analysis of Natural Water Standards -- Thermodynamic Simulation of Thermochemical Processes of InCl Molecules Formation in the Absence of Chemical Modifiers with the Introduction of Chlorine as NaCl -- Pyrolysis Stage -- Stage of Vaporization and Formation of Molecules -- General Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Reviewing the Microstructural Characteristics of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregates -- Abstract -- Scope and Structure of the Chapter -- Introduction -- Research Significance -- Recycled Concrete Aggregate -- Collection and Sorting -- Crushing and Sizing -- Screening -- Quality Control -- Properties of RCA: Physical Properties -- Particle Size Distribution -- Density -- Water Absorption -- Specific Gravity -- Properties of RCA: Chemical Properties -- Composition of Cementitious Materials -- Chloride Content -- Alkali-Silica Reactivity -- Leaching Behavior -- Challenges and Limitations of RCA Usage -- Contamination and Variability -- Quality and Durability Issues -- Lack of Standardization and Specifications -- Engineering Properties and Performance -- Cost and Availability -- Regulatory and Environmental Considerations -- Benefits of Using RCA in Concrete Mixtures -- Microstructure of Concrete -- Introduction -- Phases in Concrete -- Cement Paste -- Aggregate Particles -- Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) -- Microstructural Features -- Porosity -- Permeability. , Connectivity -- Strength and Durability -- Microstructure of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) Based Concrete -- Influence of RCA on Concrete Microstructure -- Effects of RCA Content on Microstructure -- Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) in RCA-Based Concrete -- Porosity and Permeability of RCA-Based Concrete -- Strength and Durability Aspects -- Experimental Techniques for Microstructure Analysis -- Methods for Microstructure Analysis -- Optical Microscopy -- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) -- X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) -- Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy -- Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) -- Microstructure Analysis of RCA-Based Concrete -- Influence of Microstructure on Performance of RCA-Based Concrete -- Mechanical Properties of RCA-Based Concrete -- Durability Aspects of RCA-Based Concrete -- Permeability -- Porosity -- Chemical Attack -- Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) -- Carbonation -- Sustainability and Environmental Considerations -- Future Directions and Challenges -- Emerging Research Areas -- Limitations and Challenges in Microstructure Analysis -- Opportunities for Further Improvement -- Conclusion -- Recommendations for Future Research -- References -- The Interference of Directed Communications, Bond Components and Donor-Acceptor Complexes -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Discrete and Local Probability Propagations in Molecular Bond Systems -- 3. Cascades and Interferences of Directed Propagations -- 4. Bond Components from Local Propagations -- 5. Interactions between Hard and Soft Reactants in Donor-Acceptor Complexes -- 6. Reaction Stages in Donor-Acceptor Systems -- 7. Resultant Information Descriptors and Their Continuities -- 9. Property Channels Revisited -- 10. Virial Components in Energy Channel -- Conclusion -- References. , A Critical Review on the Extraction, Analysis and Pharmaceutical Applications of Beetroot Pigments -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cultivation of Beetroots -- Chemical Constituents of Beetroot -- Chemistry of Beetroot Pigments -- Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Beetroot Pigments -- Pharmacology of Beetroots and Beetroot Pigments -- Extraction and Purification of Beetroot Pigments -- Detection and Quantification of Beetroot Pigments by Modern Analytical Methods -- UV Visible Spectrometry -- Fluorimetry -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) -- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) -- Recent Technologies -- Formulation Aspect -- Spray Dried Beetroot Powder -- Nanoparticles and Nanoplates -- Microencapsulation -- Liposomes -- Nutraceutical Aspects -- Cosmetology Aspects -- Regulatory Status -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- The Adsorption of DNA Using a Mixed Monolayer Template Containing a Comb Copolymer with a Diamino-S-Triazine Ring -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Copolymerization [41] -- Fluorinated Compound That Contributes to Phase Separation, and Copolymer Adsorbent Material -- Preparation of Organized Molecular Films -- Characterization of Organized Molecular Films on Solid Substrates -- Results and Discussion -- DNA Adsorption on a Comb Polymer Monolayer with a Diamino-s-Triazine Ring and Its Spectroscopic Behavior [24] -- Phase Separation in Mixed Monolayers of VDAT:OA Copolymers and Fluorinated Triazine Derivative -- DNA Adsorption to Phase-Separated Mixed Monolayer of VDAT:OA Copolymer and Fluorinated Triazine Derivative and Maintenance of Second-Order Structure -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Tocopherol Potential of Vegetable Oils. , Abstract -- Introduction -- Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Vegetable Oils -- Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Deodorizer Distillate -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Publications from the Last 3 Years -- Diaryliodonium Salts: An Emerging Reagent for Metal-Free Arylation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Diaryliodonium Salts -- 2.1. Structure, and Reactivity -- 2.2. Symmetrical vs Auxiliary Based Diaryliodonium salts: Chemoselective Arylation -- 2.3. Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Salts -- 3. Application of Diaryliodonium Salts -- 3.1. N-Arylation of Nitrogen Nucleophiles: Amines, Amides, and Other Nitrogenous Heterocycles -- 3.2. O-Arylation: Alcohols, Phenols, and Carboxylic Acids -- 3.3. Arylation of Other Heteroatom Nucleophiles -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Expert Commentary -- Index -- Blank Page -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticle as an Environmental Remediating Agent -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Crystal Structure of MnO2 -- Expression of Photocatalytic Activity by MnO2 -- Effect of pH on Organic Pollutant Removal Efficiency -- Removal of Organic Pollutants by MnO2 Nanostructures -- Benefits of MnO2 Nanocomposite over MnO2 Nanostructure -- Removal of Organic Pollutants by MnO2 Composite -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Applications of Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Compounds in Peptide Synthesis -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt as Coupling Reagent for Peptide Synthesis -- 2.1. Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Coupling Reagents and Their Chemical Structures -- 2.2. Preparation of Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Coupling Reagents -- 2.2.1. Preparation of Aminium Coupling Reagents -- 2.2.2. Preparation of Phosphonium Coupling Reagents -- 2.3 Mechanism of Coupling Reaction Directed by Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Compounds -- 2.4. Reactivities of Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt Coupling Reagents -- 2.4.1. Modification of Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt Coupling Reagents on the Benzotriazole Moiety -- 2.4.1.1. 6-Cl-HOBt Based Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt Coupling Reagents -- 2.4.1.2. CF3/NO2-HOBt Based Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt Coupling Reagents -- 2.4.1.3. 7-Aza-HOBt Based Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt Coupling Reagents -- 2.4.1.4. HODhbt (HOOBt) Based Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt Coupling Reagents -- 2.4.2. Modification of Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Salt Coupling Reagents on the Bis(disubstituted amino)methylium or Tris(disubstituted amino)phosphonium Skeleton -- 3. 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole as Coupling Additive for Peptide Synthesis -- 4. 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole as pH Modifier for Peptide Synthesis -- 4.1. DKP Formation -- 4.2. Aspartimide Formation. , 4.3. C-terminal Cysteine Racemization and β-elimination in SPPS -- 5. Stability and Side Reactions of Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Compounds -- 5.1. Degradation of Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Compounds -- 5.2. Side Reactions Induced by Benzotriazol-1-yloxy Compounds -- 5.2.1. Guanidine Formation from the Function between Uronium/Aminium Coupling Reagents and Amino Group -- 5.2.2. Pyrrolidide Formation in PyBOP-Mediated Reaction -- 5.2.3. HODhbt-Induced Peptide Nα-Azidobenzoylation and 2-Amino-5-Hydroxybenzoylation -- 5.2.4. Endo/Des-XaaC-terminal Impurity Formation -- 5.2.5. Counterion Adulteration by Uronium/Aminium Coupling Reagents -- 5.2.6. Hazards of the Benzotriazol-1-oxyl Coupling Reagents/Additives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3 -- A Mixture of Persulfate and Activated Charcoal is an Effective Reagent for the Synthesis of Sulfonyl Hydrazides from Thiols and Hydrazides in Aqueous Solution -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Section -- 2.1. General Experimental Information and Materials -- 2.1.1. Activation of Charcoal -- 2.1.2. General Procedure for Synthesis of Sulfonyl Hydrazides from Thiols and Aryl Hydrazine -- 2.1.3. 4-Methyl-N-phenylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3a) -- 2.1.4. N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3b) -- 2.1.5. N-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3c) -- 2.1.6. N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3d) -- 2.1.7. N-(2-Bromophenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3e) -- 2.1.8. N-(Phenyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonohydrazide (3f) -- 2.1.9. N-(4-((2-Phenylhydrazineyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (3g) -- 2.1.10. 4-Chloro-N-phenylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3h) -- 2.1.11. 4-Bromo-N-phenylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3i) -- 2.1.12. 2-Bromo-N-phenylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (3j) -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Biographical Sketch. , Chapter 4 -- A Review on Recent Advancement in Synthetic Techniques and Applications of Metal-Organic Framework (MOFs) -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Background -- 3. Structure of MOF -- 3.1. Metal Nodes -- 3.2. Organic Linkers -- 3.3. Porous Structure -- 3.4. Crystalline Order -- 3.5. Harmonious Properties -- 3.6. Dimensionality -- 3.7. Topology and Framework Geometry -- 3.8. Defects and Disorder -- 4. Synthesis Methodology of MOF -- 4.1. Solvothermal or Hydrothermal Method -- 4.2. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis -- 4.3. Ultrasound-assisted Method -- 4.4. Mechano-chemical Synthesis -- 4.5. Iono-Thermal Process -- 4.6. Sono-Chemical Synthesis -- 4.7. Electrochemical Synthesis -- 4.8. Microemulsion Method -- 4.9. Diffusion Methods -- 5. Applications of Metal-Organic Framework -- 5.1. Applications in Food Matrices -- 5.2. Applications in Adsorption -- 5.3. Applications of MOFs in Catalysis -- 5.4. Applications in Drug Delivery -- 5.5. Applications of MOFs in Biosensing -- Conclusion -- Declarations -- Funding -- Conflict of Interest -- Informed Consent Statement -- Availability of Data and Materials -- Authors Contributions -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Copper (II) Schiff Base Complexes with Chloro Groups as Antivirus Drug Candidates Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JaGAr strain) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Japanese Encephalitis the Deadly Virus -- Properties of Artificial Metalloproteins and Advantages of Computational Chemistry -- Types and Appropriateness of Calculation Software -- Protein Structure Preparation -- Ligand Structure Preparation -- Docking Simulation -- Protein Preparation Using AlphaFold 2 -- Preparation of the Ligand to be Used -- Docking Simulation Settings -- Drug Likeness -- ADMET -- Ligand Statur -- Gold Results -- Drug-Likeness -- ADMET Property Analysis. , Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Pyridine and Quinoline Bases from Coking Products -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pyridine Bases of Coal Coking Products -- Processing of Light Pyridine Bases -- Separation of Pyridine Bases from Coke Oven Gas -- Processing of Crude Light Pyridine Bases -- Further Processing of Fractions Obtained During Rectification of Crude Light Pyridine Bases -- Processing of β-Picoline Fraction -- Processing of the 2,4-Lutidine Fraction -- Processing of Heavy Pyridine Bases -- Pyridine Extraction of Coal Tar Fractions -- Processing of Quinoline Bases -- Purification of Crude Quinoline Bases. Traditional Methods -- Methods Under Development -- Development of Methods for Obtaining Pyridine Bases from Coke-Chemical Raw Materials -- Pyridine Bases of Coke-Chemicals as Corrosion Inhibitors -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Valorisation of Glycerol by Acetalization Reactions Using Heterogeneous Catalysts -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Acetalization of Glycerol with Ketones -- Acetalization of Glycerol with Aldeheydes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Glycerol Selective Oxidation into Value-Added Products. The Role of Heterogeneous Catalysts -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Research and Professional Experience: -- Professional Appointments: -- Honors: -- Publications from the Last 3 Years: -- Chapter 9 -- Glycerin Mediated Synthesis of 7,10,11,12-Tetrahydrobenzo[c]Acridin-8(9H)-Ones Under Solvent and Transition Metal Free Conditions -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- General Experimental Procedure for the Synthesis of 7,10,11,12-Tetrahydrobenzo[C]Acridin-8(9H)-One Derivatives: General Procedure -- Physical and Spectra Data -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References. , Biographical Sketch -- Research and Professional Experience -- Professional Appointments -- Publications from the Last 3 Years -- Index -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Mass Spectrometric and Quantum Chemical Treatments of Molecular and Ionic Interactions of a Flavonoid-O-Glycoside: A Stochastic Dynamic Approach -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Flavonoids -- Figure-of-Merits -- Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation Paths of Apigenin-O-Glucoside under Collision Induced Dissociation Operation Modes -- Mass Spectrometric Kinetics and Thermodynamics: An Overview and Analysis of Apigenin -- Mass Spectrometric Diffusion Methods: An Overview -- Mass Spectrometric Stochastic Dynamic Diffusion Method and Its Application to Study Quantitatively Apigenin -- Theoretical Quantum Chemical Data -- Brief Description of Theoretical Diffusion Theory by Arrhenius and Its Application to Purpose of the Chapter -- Correlative Analysis between Theoretical Quantum Chemical Diffusion Data and Experimental Stochastic Dynamic Diffusion Parameters -- Correlative Analysis between Theoretical Solvation Free Gibbs Energy Data and Experimental Stochastic Dynamic Diffusion Parameters -- Discussion -- Experimental -- Materials and Method -- Theory and Computations -- Statistical and Mathematical Methods (Chemometrics) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Ethical Compliance -- References -- Supporting Information -- Chapter 2 -- Fabricating High Performance of Natural Polysaccharides-Based Products via a Radical Polymerization Process for Potential Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Natural Polysaccharides Backbone -- Grafting Methodologies -- Why Free Radical Polymerization (FRP) Is Paramount? -- UCRP and CRP Technique for Natural Polysaccharides -- Alginate -- UCRP Technique of Alginate -- CRP Technique of Alginate -- Cellulose -- UCRP Technique of Cellulose -- CRP Technique of Cellulose -- Chitosan -- UCRP Technique of Chitosan. , CRP Technique of Chitosan -- Starch -- UCRP Technique of Starch -- CRP Technique of Starch -- Application of Grafted Natural Polysaccharides -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 3 -- Excess Physical and Thermodynamic Properties as Means for Predicting Molecular Interactions in Binary Liquid Mixtures -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Determinations of Excess Properties -- Experimental Methods -- FTIR Spectral Analysis Depicting Molecular Interaction -- Molecular Simulations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Appendix: Explanation of Terms Used in Table 1 and Equations 1-5. -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Closed-Loop Productivity Analysis of Continuous Chemical Reactors under Different Tuning Rules in a PI Controller -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Bioreactor Modeling -- Reactor Identification -- Characteristic Time -- Steady-State Gain -- Time Delay -- Results and Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Ferrocene Functionalized Copper Complex as a Catalyst: A Lesser-Known Story -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Ferrocene Copper Complex in Polymerization -- Catalytic C-H Functionalization by CuFc Complex -- Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide by CuFc Catalysts -- Click Chemistry by Efficient CuFc Catalysts -- Conclusion and Future Aspect -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 6 -- Porphyrins Luminescent Based Dyes for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Porphyrin Dyes for Oxygen Measurement -- Fluorinate the Porphyrin -- Fluorinate the Polymer -- Near Infrared Porphyrin Dyes -- Application: Continuous Oxygen Measurement of Cell Growth for Drug Toxicity Testing -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 7 -- Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Sensors for Biomedical Analysis -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Analytical Framework -- Types of Amperometric Sensors and Working Principle -- The Working Principle of the Stochastic Sensors -- Conclusion -- Funding -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Contents of Earlier Volumes -- Index -- Blank Page -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Methanol as Solvent for Preconcentration of Contaminants and Electrochemical Treatment -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methanol in Electrochemistry -- Treatment of Contaminants in Methanol Medium: A New Approach -- Preconcentration of Contaminants with Methanol -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Particle Size Distribution in Metals -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental Work -- Results -- Discussion -- Algorithm for Quantifying the Particle Size Distribution of Non-Metallic Inclusions Formation in Steel Production -- Phenomenological Basis of the Algorithm -- The Mathematical Basis of the Algorithm -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 3 -- Systematic Preparation and Computation of Hybrid Materials Composed of Amino Acid Schiff Base Copper(II) Complexes and Lysozyme -- Abstract -- Introduction -- L-Amino Acid Schiff Base Copper(II) Complexes as Ligands -- Crystallization of Complex-Containing Lysozyme -- DFT Computation for Metal Complexes -- Ligand-Protein Docking Computation for Metal Complexes -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry: Applications in the Textile Chemistry -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental and Discussion -- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Study of Xanthan Gum and Chitosan Interaction -- Series I. (Experiments No. 1-No. 3) -- Experiment No. 1. Titration of a Chitosan Solution with a Xanthan Gum Solution (Main Experiment) -- Description of the Thermogram -- Experiment No. 2. Titration of a chitosan solution with a xanthan gum solution (main experiment) -- Description of the Thermogram -- Experiment No. 3. Addition of a Xanthan Gum Solution to Water (Dilution Experiment) -- Description of the Thermogram. , Discussion of the Results of Experiments No. 2 and No. 3 -- Series II (experiments No. 4-No. 6) -- Experiment No. 4. Titration of a Xanthan Gum Solution with a Chitosan Solution (Main Experiment) -- Description of the Thermogram -- Experiment No. 5. Addition of a Chitosan Solution to Water (Dilution Experiment) -- Description of the Thermogram -- Discussion of the Results of Experiments No. 4 and No. 5 -- Experiment No. 6. Titration of xanthan gum solution with chitosan solution (main experiment). -- Description of the Thermogram -- Discussion of the Results of Experiments No. 5 and No. 6 -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Transition Probability Approximated (TPA) Methods for the Computation of Molecular Properties at the Ground and Excited States -- Abstract -- Introduction -- A Succinct Description of Theoretical Advancement in the Field of Quantum Computation -- Hartree-Fock Method -- CI Method -- Perturbative Methods -- Coupled Cluster Methods -- Meaning of Electron Correlation -- The Quest for the Origin of Electron Correlation -- Probabilistic Approach -- Electronic Pressure Approach -- Tunneling Effect Approach -- Classical Approach -- Types of Electron Correlation -- Density-Based Approach in Computational Chemistry -- Computational Aspects of Theoretical Chemistry -- Transition Probability Approximated (TPA) Methods -- Energy Computation of a Few Test Molecules Using TPA-CI Methodology -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 6 -- Coupled-Cluster Methods for Modeling Multireference Chemistry: Recent Developments -- Abstract -- Chapter 7 -- The Role of Competing Reactions in Kinetics of Nonbranched-Chain Addition Processes of Free Radicals to Alkenes and Their Derivatives -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Addition to the С=С Bond of Alkenes and Their Derivatives. , 2.1. Comparable Component Concentrations -- 2.2. Excess of the Saturated Component -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Recent Advances and New Strategies in the Medicinal Perspective of Quinolone Derivatives as Potent Antiinfective Agents -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Synthetic Methods to Prepare Quinolone -- 1. C-H Amidation Method -- 2. Carbonylative Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reaction -- 3. Oxidative Coupling of Alcohol and Methyl Arene -- 4. Intramolecular Mannich Reaction -- Quinolone as Antiinfective Agents -- Structure Activity Relationship -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 9 -- Quinolones: Promising Moieties against P. falciparum -- Abstract -- Graphical Abstract -- Introduction -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 -- Quinolone-3-Carboxylic Acid: A Privilege Pharmacophore Scaffold as a New Class of Anti-HIV Drugs to Control Widespread HIV Diseases -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Chemistry of 4-Quinolone-3-Carboxylic Acid -- Lappin Cyclization -- Grohe-Heitzer Cycloacylation -- Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Heterocyclization -- Reaction of the Appropriate Ethyl β-Oxoesters with Isatoic Anhydride -- Ring Expansion of3-Chloroindoles with α-Halodiazoacetates -- Microwave-Assisted Reactions -- 4-Quinolone-3-Carboxylic Acid as HIV-1 Inhibitors -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Contents of Earlier Volumes -- Index -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- A Closer Look at Ethylene Glycol: Past, Present and Future -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ethylene Glycol: Tracing Its Origin -- 3. A Closer Look at Ethylene Glycol: Today -- 3.1. Physical Properties [12-15] -- 3.2. Commercial Preparation of EG from Ethylene Oxide (EO) -- 3.3. Chemistry of Hydrolysis -- 3.3.1. Kinetics of the Hydrolysis [21] -- 3.3.2. Insights towards the Mechanism [21] -- 3.4. Shell OMEGA Process [22-23] -- 3.5. Other Methods of EG Production -- 3.5.1. From Syngas [24-28] -- 3.5.2. From Methanol [29-30] -- 3.6. Chemical Properties [5, 12, 15] -- 3.6.1. Reactions with organic acids and derivatives -- 3.6.3. Reaction with Polybasic Acids (Condensation Polymerization) -- 3.6.4. Dehydration of Ethylene Glycol -- 3.6.5. Oxidation Reactions -- 3.7. Storage and Handling of EG [12, 15] -- 3.8. Toxicity of EG [31-33] -- 3.9. Spectral Characterization of EG -- 3.9.1. IR Spectra [35-36] -- 3.9.2. Raman Spectra [36-37] -- 3.9.3. H1 - NMR [38] -- 3.9.4. C-13 NMR -- 3.10. Applications of EG [14, 39-43] -- 4. Sustainable EG Production and Future Market Trends -- 4.1. Market Trends [44-46] -- 4.2. EG Production from the Biomass -- 4.2.1. Lignocellulose Feedstock [47-70] -- 4.2.2. Glucose Feedstock [71-77] -- 4.2.3. Sorbitol/Xylitol Feedstock [78-89] -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 2 -- Flavones: Sources, Properties and Health Benefits -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biosynthesis of Flavones in Plants -- 3. Sources of Flavones -- 4. Role of Flavones in Nutrition and Health -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 3 -- The Concentration and Purification of Xylan-Based Hemicelluloses -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bioproducts from Hemicelluloses -- 3. Concentration and Purification Methods Used in Biorefineries. , 4. Purification and Concentration of Hemicelluloses -- 4.1. Antisolvent Precipitation -- 4.2. Liquid-Liquid Extraction -- 4.2.1. Ion Exchange and Adsorption Resins -- 4.2.1.1. MF, UF, and NF Membranes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Selective Polyoxometalate (POM)-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Biomass Xylan in Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Mixed-Addenda α-Keggin Type (Mo-V-P)-Heteropolyacids -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Polyoxometalates as Effective Bi-Functional Catalysts -- 3. (Mo-V-P)-HPA-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Xylan -- 4. Modeling and Optimization of (Mo-V-P)-HPA-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Xylan -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Can Thermogenic Compounds Improve Physical Performance in Cold Exposed Rats? A Study -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Preparation of Extracts -- 2.2. Experimental Design -- 2.3. Measurement of Core Body Temperature -- 2.4. Treadmill Test -- 2.5. Estimation of Glycogen -- 2.6. Estimation of Lactic Acid -- 2.7. Estimation of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity -- 2.8. Estimation of Creatine Kinase (CK) Activity -- 2.9. Estimation of Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity -- 2.10. Estimation of Glutathione Content -- 2.11. Estimation of MDA Content -- 2.12. Estimation of Norepinephrine Levels in Plasma -- 2.13. Estimation of Free Fatty Acid Levels in Serum -- 2.14. Western Blot Analysis -- 2.15. Statistical Analysis -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Effect of Cold Exposure on Core Body Temperature Before and After Spice Treatment Following TMT -- 3.2. Effect of Cold Exposure and Spice Treatment on Physical Performance -- 3.3. Effect of Cold Exposure and Spice Treatment on Glycogen and Lactic Acid Content in Muscle and Liver -- 3.3.1. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on Glycogen Content in Muscle. , 3.3.2. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on Glycogen Content in Liver -- 3.3.3. Effect of Cold Exposure and Spice Treatment on Lactic Acid Content in Muscle -- 3.3.4. Effect of Cold Exposure and Spice Treatment on Lactic Acid Content in Liver -- 3.4. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity -- 3.5. Effect of Cold Exposure and Spice Treatment on Creatine Kinase (CK) Activity -- 3.6. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity -- 3.7. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on Reduced Glutathione Content -- 3.8. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on MDA Content -- 3.9. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on Norepinephrine (NOR) Levels -- 3.10. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on Free Fatty Acid (FFA) Levels -- 3.11. Effect of Cold Exposure and Green Tea/Spice Treatment on the Expression of UCP1 Levels in Brown Adipose Tissue -- 4. Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 6 -- Chrysin: A Versatile Bioactive Dihydroxy Flavone -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Flavonoids -- 1.2. Flavone -- 1.3. Chrysin -- 2. Anti-Cancer Activity of Chrysin-Based Compounds -- 2.1. Pyrazole Substituted Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.2. Amino-Acid Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.3. Benzimidazole Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.4. Benzothiazole Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.5. Hydrazide Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.6. Piperazine Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.7. Chromene Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.8. Chrysin Salicylate Derivatives -- 2.9. Amide Substituting Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.10. Nitrogen Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.11. Hydrazone-Chrysin Derivatives. , 2.12. 7-O Substituted Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.13. Nitro-Substituted Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.14. Aliphatic and Aromatic Substituent Containing Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.15. Bis-Arylselanyl Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.16. Porphyrin Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.17. Amino Chrysin Derivatives -- 2.18. Gallium-Chrysin Complex -- 3. Antioxidant Activity of Chrysin-Based Compounds -- 3.1. Benzothiazole Substituted Chrysin Derivatives -- 3.2. Piperazine Substituted Chrysin Derivatives -- 3.3. Selenium Substituted Chrysin Derivatives -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Distinctive Characteristics of Ethylene Glycol in Protein Folding: A Moderate Denaturant -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chemical Nature and Uses -- 2.1. Chemical Nature -- 3. Synthesis -- 4. Uses -- 4.1. A Moderate Denaturant -- 5. Significance of EG in the Medical and Research Fields -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Theophylline and Its Xanthine Analogs: Derivatization, Uses, Interactions, and Side Effects -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and Chemistry of Theophylline and Xanthine Derivatives -- 2.1. Methylxanthine Salts -- 2.2. Solubility of Theophylline -- 3. Pharmacokinetics of Methylxanthines -- 4. Pharmacology of Methylxanthines -- 5. Theophylline Compounds and Their Applications -- 5.1. Theophylline as an Antiviral Agent -- 5.2. Theophylline as an Antibacterial Agent -- 5.3. Theophylline as a Diuretic -- 5.4. Theophylline for Respiratory Disorders -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 -- The Synthesis of Oxadiazole Derivatives as Potential Glucosidase Inhibitors -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Oxadiazole Derivatives -- 2.1. Result and Discussion -- 2.1.1. Chemistry -- 2.2. Biology -- 2.2.1. α- Amylase Inhibition Assay -- 2.2.2. Α-Glucosidase Inhibition Assay. , 2.2.3. In Vitro Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity -- 2.2.4. In Vitro Alpha-Glucosidasee Inhibitory Activity -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Contents of Earlier Volumes -- Index -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 16 -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 16 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- QUANTUM CHEMISTRY OF NITRIC ACID: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF ITS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of Known Isomers of HNO3 -- 1.2. Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of New Isomers of HNO3 -- 2. THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF N2O5 IN THE GAS AND SOLID PHASES -- 3. THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH-ENERGY STATES OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 -- 4.1. Photochemical Water Decomposition in the Presence of Nitrogen Dioxide in Troposphere -- 4.2. Hydrolysis of NO2* -- 5.1. Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of an NO3 Molecule in Different Electronic States -- 5.2. The Reactivity of High-Energy Nitrogen Trioxide NO3 (2A1) in the Oxidation of N2 and N2O -- 6.1. The Molecular Structures of Dinitrogen Tetraoxide N2O4 Isomers and Quantum-Chemical Evidence for a New Isomer - Nitrosonium Nitrate NO+NO3- -- 6.2. The NO2 Dimerization, Isomerization and Hydrolysis of N2O4 in the Acid-Formation Process -- 7.1. Molecular Mechanism of the NO Oxidation by Oxygen in the Gas Phase -- 7.2. Experimental Data for the Trimolecular Reaction of O2 with Two NO Molecules -- 7.3. Quantum-Chemical Data for the Trimolecular Reaction of O2 with Two NO Molecules -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FURAN RESINS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FURAN DERIVATIVES AS SOLVENTS -- 2.1. Furfural -- 2.2. Furan -- 2.3. Furfuryl Alcohol -- 2.4. Hydroxymethyl Furfural -- 2.5. Dimethylfuran -- 3. FURAN DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS -- 3.1. Inhibition of Free Radical Polymerization -- 3.2. Corrosion Inhibitors -- 3.3. Biological Inhibition -- 4. DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS APPLIED TO FURAN DERIVATIVES -- 4.1. Conditions and Versatility. , 4.2. Furan Rings as Functional Group Modifiers: Synthetic Applications -- 4.2.1. Natural Products -- 4.2.2. Polymers -- 4.2.3. Strategies for Structure Modification -- 4.3. Exploitation of the Thermal Reversibility -- 4.3.1. Recyclable Materials -- 4.3.2. Self-Healing Materials -- 4.3.3. Biomedical Applications: Hydrogels and Drug Delivery -- 5. CHEMICAL AND THERMAL RESISTANT MATERIALS BASED ON FURAN DERIVATIVES -- 6. HIGH CARBON YIELDS: CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS -- 7. REPLACEMENT OF CLASSICAL MATERIALS -- 8. HIGHLY REGULAR STRUCTURES: GRAFTING AND POLYMER MODIFICATION -- 9. HIGHLY CONJUGATED STRUCTURES -- 10. NANOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF FURAN BASED STRUCTURES -- REFERENCES -- A NEW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOND DISTANCES AND BOND STRETCHING WAVENUMBERS OF NO IN COMPLEXES, CLUSTERS, AND ADSORBED ON SINGLE CRYSTAL METAL SURFACES: A VIBRATIONAL SPECTRODIFFRACTOMETRIC ANALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- LIGAND ABBREVIATIONS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 2.1. The Data -- 2.2. Structure and Bonding -- 2.3. Is the Νno Vibration a Good Group-Frequency Mode? -- 3. THE BADGER'S PLOTS -- 4. SOME COMMENTS ON THE IJ AND CIJ* PARAMETER OF THE BADGER RULE -- 5. TWO EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICABILITY OF THE MODIFIED BADGER'S EQUATIONS -- 5.1. The Case of [Fe (NO)(CN)5]2- Anion -- 5.2. The Case of NO/Ni (111) -- an Example of NO Adorbed on Single Cyrstal Metal Surfaces -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) IN METAL-MEDIATED CATALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. CROSS-COUPLING REACTION IN POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) -- 1.1. Suzuki Reaction -- 1.2. Heck Reaction -- 1.3. Sonogashira Reaction -- 2. POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) STABILIZED TRANSITION-METAL NANOPARTICLES -- 2.1. Palladium Nanoparticles -- 2.2. Platinum Nanoparticles -- 2.3. Silver Nanoparticles -- 2.4. Cobalt Nanoparticles. , 3. POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL)-BOUND LIGANDS IN CATALYTIC REACTION -- 3.1. Hydrogenation -- 3.2. Hydroformylation -- 3.3. Suzuki Reaction -- 3.4. Heck Reaction -- 3.5. Sonogashira Reaction -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- WATER CHEMISTRY, A MYSTERY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY AND WATER CONTAMINATION -- 3. GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY AND DRINKING WATER SPECIFICATIONS -- 4. STANDARDIZING THE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS -- 5. WATER, A NUTRIENT -- 6. WATER, A MEDICINE -- 7. MYTH OF MINERAL (BOTTLED) WATER -- 8. WATER FILTERS/ RO UNITS -- 9. OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF DRINKING WATER -- 9. OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF DRINKING WATER -- 11. SAFEGUARDING THE WATER RESOURCES -- CONCLUSION -- MEMBRANE AND MEMBRANE REACTOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR COX PURIFICATION OF GASEOUS STREAMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PRODUCT GAS CLEANING -- 3. COX PURIFICATION VIA MR TECHNOLOGY -- 4. MEMBRANE AND MEMBRANE REACTOR OUTLINES -- 5. INORGANIC MEMBRANE REACTORS -- 1) Carbon Membranes -- 2) Ceramic Membranes -- 3) Zeolite Membranes -- 6. POLYMERIC MEMBRANES FOR COX SEPARATION -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE TRENDS -- LIST OF SYMBOLS -- REFERENCES -- DOCKING OF ANTISCHISTOSOMAL NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH RELEVANT PROTEIN TARGETS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- COMPUTATIONAL METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Molecular Docking -- Glutathione S-Transferase -- Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase -- Superoxide Dismutase -- Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase -- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E -- Cyclophilin A -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- BIOSYNTHESIS OF PROPIONIC ACID BY ANAEROBIC PROCESSES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. FUNDAMENTALS -- 2. PROPIONIC ACID ANAEROBIC BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 3. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS -- REFERENCES -- ANALYSIS OF BAMBOO-CARBONIZED LIQUID AND DETERMINATION OF ITS CONSTITUENTS BY GC-MS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHODS. , Procedure for Carbonization of Bamboo and Collection of Bamboo Carbonized Liquid -- Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Potential Bioactive Compounds Derived from Cannabis Plant (Cannabis sativa L.) and It's Extraction Methods -- Abstract -- 1. Overview -- 2. Chemical Composition of Cannabis Plant (Cannabis sativa L.) -- 2.1. Types and Location of Cannabis Crops and Its Common Uses -- 2.2. Valuable Compounds and Applications from Cannabis Inflorescence -- 3. Bioactive Compounds for Human Health -- 3.1. Cannabis Oil Composition and Its Benefits for Human Health -- 3.1.1. Fatty Acid Composition -- 3.1.2. Description of the Main Cannabinoids Found in Cannabis -- 3.1.2.1. Phytocannabinoids -- 3.1.2.2. Endocannabinoids -- 3.1.2.3. Synthetic Cannabinoids -- 3.1.2.4. Receptors Cannabinoids -- 3.2. Cannabinoids with Possible Applications for the Treatment of Diseases -- 3.2.1. Antiemetic Effect -- 3.2.2. Appetite Stimulation -- 3.2.3. Analgesic -- 3.2.4. Multiple Sclerosis -- 3.2.5. Spinal Cord Injuries -- 3.2.6. Giles de la Tourette's Syndrome -- 3.3. The Synergy between Cannabinoids and Terpenes for Human Health -- 3.3.1. Myrcene -- 3.3.2. Limonene -- 3.3.3. Beta Caryophillene -- 3.3.4. Pinene -- 3.3.5. Linalool -- 4. Methods of Extracting Value-Added Compounds (Cannabinoids and Terpenes) from Cannabis -- 4.1. State of the Art about Oil Extraction -- 4.1.1. Drying Process -- 4.1.2. Oil Extraction Process -- 4.1.3. Purification Process -- 4.2. Butane for Oil Extraction -- 4.3. Extraction by Supercritical Fluids -- 4.4. Oil Extraction by Solvents (Technology, Operating Conditions, Yields, Oil Quality, etc.) -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Novel Technologies for Milk Powder Disinfection -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Intense Pulsed Light -- Principles -- Hardware Development -- Performance and Analysis of the Intense Pulsed Light Technology on Milk Powder -- Conclusion -- Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) -- Principles. , Hardware Development -- Air Flow Reactive Chamber -- Vibratory Shaker -- Conveying Brushes -- Performance and Analysis of Non-Thermal Plasma on Milk Powder -- Conclusion -- Other Novel Technologies -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 3 -- α- and β-Pinene Rich Essential Oils and their Biological Importance -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biosynthesis of Pinene -- 2.1. Synthesis of 5 Carbon Units (IPP or DMAPP) -- 2.1.1. MEP Pathway -- 2.1.2. MVA Pathway -- 2.2. Condensation of IPP and DMAPP to Form Pinenes -- 3. Properties of Pinene -- 3.1. Physical and Chemical Properties -- 3.2. Biological Properties -- 3.2.1. Antibacterial Activity -- 3.2.2. Antifungal Activity -- 3.2.3. Antioxidant Activity -- 3.2.4. Antinociceptive and Antidepressant Activity -- 3.2.5. Molluscicidal and Spasmolytic Activity -- 3.2.6. Antiallergic and Antiosteoarthritic Activity -- 3.2.7. Anti-Inflammatory Activity -- 3.2.8. Anticancer Activity -- 3.2.9. Anticonvulsant and Insect Repellent Activity -- 4. Biotransformation of Pinene -- 4.1. Biotransformations Using Fungal Strains -- 4.2. Biotransformation Using Bacterial Strains -- 5. Use of Pinenes -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Introduction to the Mechanistic Scenario in Water Oxidation Catalysis by Transition Metal Complexes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Mechanistic Challenges in Water Oxidation -- Water Oxidation Catalysts -- General Mechanistic Aspects of Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes -- O-H Bond Oxidative Activation -- O-O Bond Formation -- O2 Release -- Mechanism Elucidation: The Synergy between Experimental and Computational Chemistry -- Electrochemistry -- Raman Spectroscopy -- Kinetic Experiments -- Isotopic Labelling Experiments -- Computational Chemistry -- Traditional Mechanisms Based on Ruthenium Complexes. , New Avenues for First Row Transition Metal Complexes -- Copper-Based Water Oxidation Catalysis: Single Electron Transfer-Water Nucleophilic Attack Mechanism -- Overview and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Catalytic Aspects and Mechanisms of Water Oxidation by Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Aquo Complexes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Catalytic Aspects of Complexes for Water Oxidation -- Chemical Water Oxidation by Complexes Using a CeIV Oxidant -- Substitution Effect on Catalytic Activities for Water Oxidation -- Comparison in Water Oxidation Catalysis between Isomers -- Distal-/Proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (d-/p-2) Isomers -- Mechanistic Investigation on Water Oxidation Catalysis Using a Multi Potential-Step Chronocoulospectrometry Tequnique -- Homogeneous Solution Systems -- Heterogeneous Electrode Systems -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Transition Metal Chalcogenides as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- Abstract -- Introduction to Transition Metal Chaclogenides -- Structure of Transition Metal Chalcogenides -- Preparation Methods of Transition Metal Chalcogenides -- Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- Mechanism of Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- Mechanism 1 -- Mechanism 2 -- Optimization of Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- Transition Metal Chalcogenides as Electrocatalysts for ORR -- VIB Transition Metals TMDs Electrocatalysts for ORR -- Heterogenous Atoms Doping in VIB Transition Metals TMDs Electrocatalysts for ORR -- Heterostructures of VIB Transition Metals TMDs with Conductive Materials as Electrocatalysts for ORR -- VB Transition Metals TMCs as Electrocatalysts for ORR -- Late Transition Metal Chalcogenides as Electrocatalysts for ORR -- Hybrid Structures of Different Group TMCs as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 7 -- Acetoxylation of Alpha-Pinene over Activated Carbons -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Contents of Earlier Volumes -- Index -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- VOLUME 11 -- JAMES C. TAYLOR -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- THE POTENTIAL BINDING POTENCY OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES -- NITROGEN DIOXIDE FOR WASTELESS SUSTAINABLE SYNTHESES -- ACTIVATED CARBONS: PREPARATIONS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS -- EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF FIVE NEW 2-METHYLBENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES -- TREATMENT OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS AND SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS BY DYNAMIC FILTRATION -- ALTERNATIVES TO THE USE OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN ENOLOGY -- ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF PHTHALIMIDE TO ISOINDOLINE -- THE USE OF PASSIVE SAMPLERS FOR ASSESSING PERSONAL EXPOSURE AND AIR CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES, HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN INDOOR, OUTDOOR AND WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTS -- ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND DOCKING STUDIES OF BENZIMIDAZOLE-PYRIMIDINE CONJUGATES -- NOVEL INVESTIGATION OF 1,5-DIAMINO-4-METHYLTETRAZOLIUM PERCHLORATE [C2H7N6] + [CLO4]- :A PROSPECTIVE CHALLENGE TO NITROGEN-RICHIONIC SALTS AND HEALTH RISK -- PROTECTION OF BRONZE BY NEW NON-TOXIC CORROSION INHIBITORS FROM THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL ACID RAIN -- NITROUS OXIDE CLATHRATE HYDRATES -- A GENERAL SOLID-STATE APPROACH TO METALLIC, METAL OXIDES AND PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES -- TREATMENT OF NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) BY IMMOBILIZED NITRIFYING AND DENITRIFYING MICROORGANISM IN TRICKING BIOFILTER -- ACID RAIN: IMPLICATIONS IN PLANTS' GROWTH, BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- RECENT PROGRESS IN HIGH ACCURACY CALCULATIONS OF BASICITY OF ORGANIC SUPERBASES -- INDEX.