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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Web App to Convert Blood Insulin Concentrations among Various Immunoassays Used in Horses
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-24), p. 2704-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-24), p. 2704-
    Abstract: The measurement of the blood insulin concentration, and comparison to cut-offs, is essential in diagnosing insulin dysregulation, a common equine endocrinopathy. However, different insulin assays provide disparate results. We aimed to ease comparison between assays by compiling original and published data into a web app to convert insulin measurements from one assay to another. Data were available for ADVIA Centaur insulin chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), Beckman Coulter insulin radioimmunoassay (RIA), Immulite 1000 CLIA, Immulite 2000 CLIA, Immulite 2000 XPi CLIA, Mercodia equine insulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Millipore porcine insulin RIA. Linear models were fitted for 13 assay pairs using non-decreasing splines, and integrated into this app. Assay comparisons including data from several studies showed a lower performance. This indicates technical variation between laboratories, which has not been described before, but is relevant when diagnostic measurements and cut-offs are provided by different laboratories. Nevertheless, the models’ overall high performance (median r2 = 0.94; range 0.57–1.00) supports their use to interpret results from diagnostic insulin measurements when the reference assay is unavailable, and to compare values obtained from different assays.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13172704
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 2
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    Schiff‐Sherrington syndrome in a 7‐year‐old zebra mare ( Equus quagga )
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Equine Veterinary Education Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2023-02)
    Details
    In: Equine Veterinary Education, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: A 7‐year‐old plains zebra (Equus quagga) mare was presented to the Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany as an emergency. The owner reported that the mare was unable to stand after a suspected traumatic episode at the home yard. The mare was transported in lateral recumbency in a trailer. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia (up to 102 beats/min), tachypnoea (28 breaths/min), mild fever (38.7°C) and clinical dehydration with elastic skin and dry and red mucous membranes. Neurological examination showed paraplegia with complete loss of nociception of the mid‐thoracic region and caudal to it. In contrast, examination of the thoracic limbs revealed marked extensor rigidity and hyperaesthesia resulting in an enhanced acute response to minimal touch of the neck and shoulder region. Lateral radiographs of the thoracic vertebral column led to the diagnosis of a complete fracture of the vertebral body of the 7th thoracic (T) vertebra with suspected traumatic compression of the spinal cord. Post‐mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis. Gross pathology revealed a complete comminuted fracture of T7 with marked compression of the spinal cord. This is the first report describing the clinical, radiological and pathological findings of a fracture of a thoracic vertebra leading to a Schiff‐Sherrington syndrome in a zebra (Equus quagga) .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0957-7734 , 2042-3292
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/eve.v35.2
    DOI: 10.1111/eve.13636
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2274488-5
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  • 3
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    Seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in wild and domestic animals in northern Germany
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2023-11), p. 102220-
    Details
    In: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Elsevier BV, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2023-11), p. 102220-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1877-959X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102220
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2541872-5
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  • 4
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    Treatment of a Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Block by Implantation of a Bipolar, Single-Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker in a Donkey
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-27), p. 2724-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-27), p. 2724-
    Abstract: Case Summary: A two-year-old donkey presented with recurrent syncope. Electrocardiography revealed periods without any atrioventricular conduction and without any ventricular escape rhythm with a duration of up to one minute. Finally, atrioventricular conduction resumed spontaneously with a preceding ventricular escape beat. Laboratory tests and echocardiography identified no reversible cause. The diagnosis of a paroxysmal atrioventricular block (PAVB) was made. Therefore, a single-chamber cardiac pacemaker was implanted under general anesthesia. The device was programmed in the VVI mode to prevent further syncope. The therapy was considered successful as the donkey revealed no further syncope during the follow-up period of 17 months. Clinical relevance: Clinically relevant bradycardia is rare in equids. This is the first report to our knowledge to describe a PAVB, a term commonly used in human medicine, in a donkey. Detailed information about the diagnosis and the successful therapy is included, with a special focus on the implantation and programming of the permanent pacemaker.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13172724
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 5
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    Carbohydrate pellets to assess insulin dysregulation in horses
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 302-314
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 302-314
    Abstract: A glycemic challenge test is used for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID) in horses and ponies. Different forms of the test exist where the administrative route and dose of glucose vary, which makes interpretation of results challenging. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the palatability of, and blood glucose and insulin responses to, carbohydrate pellets fed as an oral glucose test (OGT), and to establish the diagnostic threshold for ID when using the pellets. Animals University and privately‐owned horses and ponies ( n  = 157) comprised of 31 breeds and both sexes. Methods Multicenter cohort study. A custom‐produced glycemic pellet was offered for free intake at 0.5 g/kg BW soluble carbohydrate and serum insulin and blood glucose concentrations measured before and after (60, 120, and 180 minutes) the pellets were offered. Pellet acceptance and intake time (those that finished within 10 minutes) were determined to assess palatability. Results The pellets were palatable to 132/157 animals, and ponies found the pellets more ( P  = .004) palatable than horses. The median intake time (4 [3‐6] minutes) was positively correlated with acceptance grade ( r  = .51; P   〈  .0001). Consumption of the pellets elicited peak blood glucose (6.6 [5.8‐7.8] mmol/L) and serum insulin (40.5 [19‐99.8] μIU/mL) responses at 120 minutes. At 120 minutes the optimal cut‐off was 83 μIU/mL (95% CI: 70‐99 μIU/mL) for the IMMULITE 2000XPi assay. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The pellets were palatable and a suitable, novel carbohydrate source for the OGT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v37.1
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16621
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 6
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    Palatability, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to various carbohydrate formulations: Alternatives for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation in horses?
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 282-291
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 282-291
    Abstract: Oral glycemic challenge (GC) tests are recommended for diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID). Various protocols are used, but all have limitations in terms of palatability, ease of use, variable composition, geographic availability, or some combination of these. Hypothesis/Objective To evaluate newly developed formulations with defined carbohydrate composition for use as oral GCs. Animals Thirty‐four horses and ponies in various metabolic states. Methods Our objectives were carried out in 2 separate cross‐over experiments. First, the palatability and acceptance of various GCs (2 syrups, 1 granulate) offered for free intake were compared to glucose mixed in a chaff‐based diet. Subsequently, syrups were administered by syringe and compared to an oral glucose test using naso‐gastric tubing (tube OGT) to investigate the glycemic and insulinemic responses. Second, these variables were compared in the best performing GC‐formulations (granulate further optimized to pelleted formulation and 1 syrup) and a tube OGT. All GCs were administered with equivalent amounts of 0.5 g glycemic carbohydrates per kg body weight. Results Only the GC pellets were consumed completely by all horses (consumption time 5 ± 2 min). When administered by syringe, the GC syrup also was well accepted. The insulin concentrations at 120 min correlated significantly between tube OGT and GC pellets ( r  = .717; P   〈  .001) or GC syrup ( r  = .913; P   〈  .001). The new GC syrup and GC pellets discriminate between healthy and ID horses. Conclusions and Clinical Significance The GC pellets (DysChEq)™ and GC syrup can be used as palatable and well‐accepted oral GC tests for assessment of ID in horses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v37.1
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16614
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
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  • 7
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    Colic due to dorsally located perirectal abscesses: A retrospective case series of six horses
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Equine Veterinary Education Vol. 35, No. 11 ( 2023-11)
    Details
    In: Equine Veterinary Education, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 11 ( 2023-11)
    Abstract: Perirectal abscesses have only rarely been reported in horses. This case series describes the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of six horses with this condition. The equids affected were geldings or stallions of various breeds and aged from 4 months to 21 years (median age 10 months). Typical clinical signs included colic with tachycardia, tenesmus, dyschezia and abdominal distension. The diagnosis was obtained by transrectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination in five of six horses and by median laparotomy in one horse. All abscesses were located dorsally to the rectum. Rectal impaction and large colon tympany were common secondary findings. Microbiologic examination of abscess content revealed Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus in all horses. Abscesses were treated by a combination of medical and surgical approaches. One horse had to be euthanised due to complete obstruction of the pelvis by the abscess. In the other horses (5/6), the disorder was associated with an excellent prognosis. In terms of the total population of horses presenting with colic in the investigated period, the prevalence of cases with perirectal abscesses was 0.4%. Although uncommon, described cases indicate that perirectal abscesses should be considered as differential diagnosis for young and mature horses with colic signs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0957-7734 , 2042-3292
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/eve.v35.11
    DOI: 10.1111/eve.13858
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2274488-5
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  • 8
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    History, Rest and Exercise Score ( HRE‐S ) for assessment of disease severity in horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Equine Veterinary Journal
    Details
    In: Equine Veterinary Journal, Wiley
    Abstract: In horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking (TMHS), clinical signs are likely to be expression of neuropathic facial pain. Currently, subjective assessment of disease severity is used as measure of compromise of animal's welfare. Objectives To develop and validate a precise scoring system for TMHS: History, Rest and Exercise Score (HRE‐S). The HRE‐S consists of three subscores: history score (H‐S), resting score (R‐S) and exercise score (E‐S). Study design Retrospective observational study. Methods Seven masked observers with different experience used HRE‐S to score 40 video recordings taken during rest and lungeing including five duplicates. Video recordings were taken from nine horses with TMHS and three controls. Inter‐ and intraobserver reliability and practicability of HRE‐S were assessed. For every video recording severity of clinical signs was graded by every observer using an intuitive global‐type‐scale and interobserver reliability was calculated. Convergent validity was evaluated comparing HRE‐S to groups created by an existing score (grade 0–3). Discriminant validity was analysed comparing HRE‐S to groups created by intuitive global‐type‐scale. Results Reliability for HRE‐S was excellent, irrespective of observers experience: Spearman's Rho = 0.946, p   〈  0.001 (intraobserver reliability) and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98, p   〈  0.001 (interobserver reliability). Interobserver reliability for intuitive global‐type‐scale was fair to substantial: Fleiss' κappa = 0.48 (R‐S) −0.63 (E‐S). Groups created by intuitive global‐type‐scale had significantly different R‐S and E‐S ( p   〈  0.05), demonstrating discriminant validity. Convergent validity was proven as horses with grade 3/3 had significantly higher average E‐S and total scores compared with an existing score than those with grade 0/3 or 1/3 ( p   〈  0.001). Main limitations Retrospective nature, video recordings, sample size. Conclusions HRE‐S is a valid and reliable score evaluating disease severity in TMHS, independent of observers' experience.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0425-1644 , 2042-3306
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/evj.13986
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205089-9
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  • 9
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    Digitalisation in pre‐purchase examination and prospects for an equine health database in Germany—Results of an online survey among equine veterinarians
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Equine Veterinary Journal
    Details
    In: Equine Veterinary Journal, Wiley
    Abstract: Digitale Erfassung und Speicherung von Gesundheitsdaten gewinnen sowohl in Human‐ als auch der Tiermedizin an Wichtigkeit. Derzeit existiert ein Informationsdefizit bezüglich des Digitalisierungsstandes bei deutschen Pferdetierärzt*innen sowie deren Einstellung zu fortschrittlicher Digitalisierung. Ziel der Studie Die Meinungserfassung von Pferdetierärzt*innen in Bezug auf (1) digitale Datenerfassung bei Kaufuntersuchungen und (2) die Etablierung einer Gesundheitsdatenbank für Pferde in Deutschland. Studiendesign Querschnittsumfrage. Methodik Eine Onlineumfrage wurde erstellt und per E‐Mail an Pferdetierärzt*innen in Deutschland verschickt. Nach 40‐tägiger Datensammlung wurden die Antworten deskriptiv analysiert. Ergebnisse Die Umfrage wurde an 1055 Empfänger*innen gesendet, von denen 147 (13.9%) teilnahmen. Davon konnten 130 Antworten der Pferdetierärzt*innen für die Auswertung verwendet werden. Die meisten Teilnehmer arbeiteten in einer Pferdepraxis (77.9%) und führten Kaufuntersuchungen durch (93.8%), für welche überwiegend gedruckte Protokolle verwendet wurden (86.0%). Das gedruckte Kaufuntersuchungsprotokoll der Gesellschaft für Pferdemedizin wurde am häufigsten verwendet (47.1%). Die Mehrzahl der praktizierenden Tierärzt*innen (90.2%) würde ein digitales Protokoll für Kaufuntersuchungen verwenden, sollte es verfügbar sein. Zweifel wurden in Hinblick auf die Benutzerfreundlichkeit (55.9%) und die Integration in den tiermedizinischen Alltag (54.6%) geäußert. In Bezug auf die Etablierung einer Gesundheitsdatenbank für Pferde erklärten 72.3%, dass sie dies begrüßen würden. Allerdings würde circa ein Drittel solch eine Entwicklung nur unter folgenden Bedingungen unterstützen: bei garantierter Datensicherheit, Sammlung objektiver Daten oder unter Einbeziehung von Meinungen anderer Interessenvertreter. Haupteinschränkungen Geringe Antwortrate, potenzielle Schweigeverzerrung und große Bandbreite an Fragethemen. Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt zeichnete sich eine positive Einstellung gegenüber der digitalen Kaufuntersuchung und einer Gesundheitsdatenbank für Pferde in Deutschland ab. Zur Förderung weiteren Fortschritts wäre es wichtig, die in dieser Studie bezeichneten Bedenken und Konditionen zu berücksichtigen, um größtmögliche Akzeptanz zu erreichen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0425-1644 , 2042-3306
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/evj.14001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205089-9
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  • 10
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    Detection and Characterization of Alongshan Virus in Ticks and Tick Saliva from Lower Saxony, Germany with Serological Evidence for Viral Transmission to Game and Domestic Animals
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-21), p. 543-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-21), p. 543-
    Abstract: The newly discovered group of Jingmenviruses has been shown to infect a wide range of hosts and has been associated with febrile illness in humans. During a survey for Jingmenviruses in ticks from Lower Saxony, Germany, Alongshan virus (ALSV) was identified in Ixodes spp. ticks. Additional virus screenings revealed the presence of ALSV in the bodies and saliva of ticks collected at several locations in Lower Saxony. Vector competence studies that included Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus validated the replication of ALSV within those tick species. In vitro feeding experiments with ALSV-injected Ixodes ricinus demonstrated effective viral transmission during blood feeding. To evaluate the potential viral transmission during a natural blood meal, sera from wild game and domestic animals were investigated. One serum sample from a red deer was found to be positive for ALSV RNA, while serological screenings in game and domestic animals revealed the presence of ALSV-specific antibodies at different locations in Lower Saxony. Overall, those results demonstrate the broad distribution of ALSV in ticks in Lower Saxony and hypothesize frequent exposure to animals based on serological investigations. Hence, its potential risk to human and animal health requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030543
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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