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  • 2020-2024  (8)
  • 2000-2004
  • 2023  (8)
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  • 2020-2024  (8)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 1
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    Climate targets, carbon dioxide removal and the potential role of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-08
    Beschreibung: The Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2 °C requires ambitious emission reduction and the balancing of remaining emissions through carbon sinks, i.e. the deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR). While ambitious climate protection scenarios until now consider primarily land-based CDR methods, there is growing concern about their potential to deliver sufficient CDR, and marine CDR options receive more and more interest. Based on idealized theoretical studies, Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) appears as a promising marine CDR method. However, the knowledge base is insufficient for a robust assessment of its practical feasibility, of its side effects, social and governance aspects as well as monitoring, reporting and verification issues. A number of research efforts aim to improve this in a timely manner. We provide an overview on the current situation of developing OAE as marine CDR method, and describe the history that has led to the creation of the OAE research Best Practices Guide.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    OceanRep: Artikel in einer Fachzeitschrift - begutachtet
  • 2
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    Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100 (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model-data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1° × 1° grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850–2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state-of-the-art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html, and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html. Key Points: - This study presents the evolution of 10 ocean acidification (OA) indicators in the global surface ocean from 1750 to 2100 - By leveraging 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) and the latest observational data, it represents a significant advancement in OA projections - This inter-model comparison effort showcases the overall agreements among different ESMs in projecting surface ocean carbon variables
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    OceanRep: Artikel in einer Fachzeitschrift - begutachtet
  • 3
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    Blue Carbon: Challenges and opportunities to mitigate the climate and biodiversity crises (2023)
    European Marine Board | Ostend, Belgium
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-21
    Beschreibung: Climate change and biodiversity loss are two of humanity’s greatest challenges. Blue carbon, i.e. the carbon captured and stored by marine living organisms and ecosystems, has the potential to help mitigate both challenges, because marine ecosystems that are important for sequestering carbon often also harbour rich biodiversity. Expanding and protecting Blue Carbon ecosystems has therefore been proposed as a Nature-based Solution to complement climate change mitigation efforts on land and to protect and restore marine biodiversity. In addition, securing and rebuilding Blue Carbon ecosystems can stabilise livelihoods, protect coasts, and support other societal needs such as food provision from the Ocean. However, the effectiveness of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a Nature-based Solution depends on the available space and ecosystem productivity, which can be impacted by climate change. Moreover, the overall carbon sequestration potential of Blue Carbon ecosystems is low and their contribution to climate stabilisation will only be significant once greenhouse gas emissions are strongly limited. Therefore, a drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to keep global warming close to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is essential to maintain the health and long-term functionality of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a Nature-based Solution. This document describes examples and benefits of Blue Carbon ecosystems, and discusses uncertainties and challenges for the conservation and restoration of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a climate change solution. It also highlights the wider role of the Ocean in mitigating climate change through the carbon cycle, and closes with key research and management recommendations.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Refereed
    Schlagwort(e): Blue Carbon ecosystems ; Climate change mitigation
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 16pp.
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 4
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    Measurements of An Autonomous Flow through Salinity and Temperature Perturbation Mesocosm System for a Multi-stressor Experiment (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-02
    Beschreibung: An ex situ experimental mesocosm system was employed to test the effects of climate change drivers temperature, salinity, and reduced light on Arctic kelp communities in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard from 03/07/2021 –26/08/2021. Three experimental conditions (with 3x replicates) manipulating temperature and salinity as offset values from a dynamic real-time control condition were used to increase temperature on the order of +3.3 and +5.3 °C, freshening by a decrease of ~ 4 and ~ 5 in salinity, along with a static irradiance attenuation at 30 and 50 %. In each mesocosm, oxygen (% O2, temperature, salinity, and flow rate were monitored minutely for 2 months using in situ optical and conductivity sensors paired with flow meters plumbed to the incoming water line. Data were logged on a microSD card. The collected environmental temperature and salinity data were paired with O2 concentration measured during closed incubations which occurred weekly over the experimental period to assess the effects on kelp community metabolism.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate change; Conductivity digital sensor, Aqualabo, PC4E; DATE/TIME; ecosystems; experimental system; Flow rate; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; multi-stressors; Ny_Ålesund_Mesocosm_2021; Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen; Oxygen Optical digital sensor, Aqualabo, PODOC; Oxygen saturation; Replicate; Salinity; Temperature, water; Vortex flow meter, ifm electronic gmbh, SV3150
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4455303 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and biomechanical properties of the skeletal plates of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-15
    Beschreibung: Sea urchins, ecologically important herbivores of shallow subtidal temperate reefs, are considered particularly threatened in a future ocean acidification scenario, since their carbonate structures (skeleton and grazing apparatus) are made up of the very soluble high-magnesium calcite, particularly sensitive to a decrease in pH. The biomechanical properties of their skeletal structures are of great importance for their individual fitness, because the skeleton provides the means for locomotion, grazing and protection from predators. Sea urchin skeleton is composed of discrete calcite plates attached to each other at sutures by organic ligaments. The present study addressed the fate of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) skeleton in acidified oceans, taking into account the combined effect of reduced pH and macroalgal diet, with potential cascading consequences at the ecosystem level. A breaking test on individual plates of juvenile specimens fed different macroalgal diets has been performed, teasing apart plate strength and stiffness from general robustness. Results showed no direct short-term effect of a decrease in seawater pH nor of the macroalgal diet on single plate mechanical properties. Nevertheless, results from apical plates, the ones presumably formed during the experimental period, provided an indication of a possible diet-mediated response, with sea urchins fed the more calcified macroalga sustaining higher forces before breakage than the one fed the non-calcified algae. This, on the long term, may produce bottom-up effects on sea urchins, leading to potential shifts in the ecosystem equilibrium under an ocean acidified scenario.
    Schlagwort(e): Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Area; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Diet; Echinodermata; Force; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Individuals; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other; Other studied parameter or process; Paracentrotus lividus; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Plate; Salinity; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment: pH; Type of study; Youngs modulus
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3600 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    FjordLight: PAR data for Arctic fjords (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-25
    Beschreibung: Fjords play a pivotal role in the Arctic, for both the natural world and human societies. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the key parametres of these systems be monitored and quantified in order to better manage them. The collection of temperature and salinity data for many Arctic fjords is well documented, but data for other values, like light availability, are scarce. It is to address this shortcoming that this dataset has been created. Herein one may find data for the surface PAR, Kd, and bottom PAR of seven well studied and representative fjords throughout the European Arctic. The three PAR variables were created via remotely sensed estimates of surface irradiance and turbidity. This output was then mapped to the highest resolution bathymetry data available (~ 50 - 200 m grid) to create a high resolution output. All of the PAR variables are available as overall global averages, monthly climatologies, and annual averages for all months when light is present (March - October). The bottom PAR data are also available as monthly averages per year, making these data the majority of the volume of the dataset. An R package 'FjordLight' has been developed to aid in the access and handling of these data, and their applicability is demonstrated in an ESSD publication.
    Schlagwort(e): Arctic; Arctic Biodiversity & Livelihoods; Binary Object; Biological sample; BIOS; Disko_Bay; EXP; Experiment; extinction coefficient; FACE-IT; Fjord; Isfjorden_Svalbard; Kongsfjorden; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Northeast Greenland; Nuup_Kangerlua; PAR; Porsangerfjorden; Storfjorden; West Greenland Margin; Young_Sound; YS
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    High-frequency, year-round time series of the carbonate chemistry in a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-12
    Beschreibung: The Arctic Ocean is subject to high rates of ocean warming and acidification, with critical implications for marine organisms as well as ecosystems and the services they provide. Carbonate system data in the Arctic realm are spotty in space and time and, until recently, there was no time-series station measuring the carbonate chemistry at high frequency in this region, particularly in coastal waters. We report here on the first high-frequency (1 h), multi-year (6 years) dataset of salinity, temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and pH at a coastal site (12 m) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. We show that the choice of formulations for calculating the dissociation constants of the carbonic acid remains unsettled, (2) the water column is generally somewhat stratified despite the shallow depth, (3) the saturation state of calcium carbonate is subject to large seasonal changes but never reaches undersaturation (Oa ranges between 1.4 and 3.0) and (4) pCO2 is lower than atmospheric CO2 at all seasons, making this site a sink for atmospheric CO2.
    Schlagwort(e): ACROSS; Advanced Remote Sensing – Ground-Truth Demo and Test Facilities; Alkalinity, total; Arctic Biodiversity & Livelihoods; AWIPEV; AWIPEV_based; AWIPEV-CO2_FB; AWIPEV-CO2_NB; Bottle, Niskin; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate chemistry; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; CO2; Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas; COSYNA; CTD probe (SBE 38); DATE/TIME; FACE-IT; FBOX; FerryBox; FerryBox, SeaBird, SBE45; INTAROS; Integrated Arctic observation system; JERICO-NEXT; Joint European Research Infrastructure network for Coastal Observatory – Novel European eXpertise for coastal observaTories; Kongsberg Maritime, HydroC CO2 FT; Kongsfjorden, Svalbard; Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems; MOSES; Multiparameter probe, Sea & Sun Technology, CTD90; measured with Pole electrode cell, Manufacturer unknown, ADM 7; Multi parameter probe (CTD), Sea & Sun Technology GmbH, CTD90M; NIS; pH; Pressure, water; Salinity; Sea-Bird, SeaFET; SPEC; Spectrophotometer; Svalbard; Temperature, water; time-series
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 265805 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    High-frequency, year-round time series of the carbonate chemistry in a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard) v2 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-12
    Beschreibung: The Arctic Ocean is subject to high rates of ocean warming and acidification, with critical implications for marine organisms as well as ecosystems and the services they provide. Carbonate system data in the Arctic realm are spotty in space and time and, until recently, there was no time-series station measuring the carbonate chemistry at high frequency in this region, particularly in coastal waters. We report here on the first high-frequency (1 h), multi-year (6 years) dataset of salinity, temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and pH at a coastal site (12 m) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. We show that the choice of formulations for calculating the dissociation constants of the carbonic acid remains unsettled, (2) the water column is generally somewhat stratified despite the shallow depth, (3) the saturation state of calcium carbonate is subject to large seasonal changes but never reaches undersaturation (Oa ranges between 1.4 and 3.0) and (4) pCO2 is lower than atmospheric CO2 at all seasons, making this site a sink for atmospheric CO2.
    Schlagwort(e): ACROSS; Advanced Remote Sensing – Ground-Truth Demo and Test Facilities; Alkalinity, total; Arctic Biodiversity & Livelihoods; AWIPEV; AWIPEV_based; AWIPEV-CO2_FB; AWIPEV-CO2_NB; Bottle, Niskin; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate chemistry; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; CO2; Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas; COSYNA; CTD probe (SBE 38); DATE/TIME; FACE-IT; FBOX; FerryBox; FerryBox, SeaBird, SBE45; INTAROS; Integrated Arctic observation system; JERICO-NEXT; Joint European Research Infrastructure network for Coastal Observatory – Novel European eXpertise for coastal observaTories; Kongsberg Maritime, HydroC CO2 FT; Kongsfjorden, Svalbard; Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems; MOSES; Multiparameter probe, Sea & Sun Technology, CTD90; measured with Pole electrode cell, Manufacturer unknown, ADM 7; Multi parameter probe (CTD), Sea & Sun Technology GmbH, CTD90M; NIS; pH; Pressure, water; Salinity; Sea-Bird, SeaFET; SPEC; Spectrophotometer; Svalbard; Temperature, water; time-series
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 265805 data points
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    DATA PANGAEA
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