Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Integrated Water Resources Management of Thatipudi Command Area, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Methodology -- 1.2.1 Study Area -- 1.2.2 Data Collection -- 1.3 Analysis -- 1.3.1 Reservoir Storage Capacity -- 1.3.2 Irrigation Purpose -- 1.3.3 Water Supply -- 1.3.4 Preparation of GIS Maps -- 1.4 Results -- 1.4.1 Irrigation in Kharif Season -- 1.4.2 Irrigation in Rabi Season -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Hydrological Modelling to Study the Impacts of Climate and LULC Change at Basin Scale: A Review -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Models -- 2.3 Hydrological Modelling in LULC and Climate Change Impact Studies -- 2.3.1 Impacts of LULCC on Hydrology -- 2.3.2 Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology -- 2.3.3 Combined Effects of Climate Change and LULC Change -- 2.4 Model Comparison Studies -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Water Resource Management for Coal-Based Thermal Power Plant -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Water Resource Management in Thermal Power Plants -- 3.2.1 Cooling Water System Water Requirements -- 3.2.2 Ash Handling System Water Requirements -- 3.2.3 Coal Handling System Water Requirements -- 3.2.4 Demineralized Water System Water Requirements -- 3.3 Water Balance for 2 × 660 MW Coal-Based Power Plant -- 3.4 Analysis of New Environment Norms and Its Impacts -- 3.5 Adoption of Dry Cooling System (Air Cooled Condenser) -- 3.6 Additional Water Conservation Techniques Used in TPP -- 3.6.1 Adoption of 100% Utilization of Fly Ash in Dry Mode -- 3.6.2 Increasing Cycle of Concentration for Circulating Cooling Water System -- 3.6.3 Installation of Ash Water Recovery System from Ash Dyke -- 3.6.4 Recycling of CW Blowdown to Other Systems -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Evaluation of Reservoir Sedimentation Using Satellite Data-A Case Study. , 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Description of Study Area -- 4.3 Data and Software Used -- 4.4 Methodology -- 4.5 Results and Discussion -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Regionalisation of Watersheds Using Fuzzy C Means Clustering Algorithm in the West Flowing River of Kerala -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area and Data -- 5.3 Methodology -- 5.3.1 Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm -- 5.3.2 Validity Index -- 5.3.3 L Moments Heterogeneity H Test -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.4.1 Parameter Selection for Feature Vector -- 5.4.2 Fuzzy C Means Clusters -- 5.4.3 Validity Index -- 5.4.4 L Moments H Test -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Analysis of Relationship Between Landslides and Rainfall in Karwar, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology -- 6.2.2 Climate and Rainfall -- 6.3 Materials and Methodology -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Optimal Cropping Pattern of Kulsi River Basin, Assam, India Using Simulation and Linear Programming Model -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Study Area -- 7.3 Methods and Materials -- 7.3.1 Crop Water Requirement -- 7.3.2 The Simulation Model -- 7.3.3 Linear Programming Model -- 7.4 Results and Discussions -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Comparison of Flux Footprint Models to a Mixed Fetch Heterogeneous Cropland System -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area and Data Analysis -- 8.3 Methodology -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Water Resources Assessment Issues and Application of Isotope Hydrology in North East India -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Water Resources Assessment Issues in Northeastern Hilly States -- 9.3 Springshed Development and Challenges -- 9.3.1 In-Situ Spring Water/Rainwater Harvesting -- 9.3.2 Springshed Protection. , 9.3.3 Major Challenges, Conflicts and People Participation in Spring Development and Management Practices in Northeast Himalayas Region -- 9.4 Isotope Hydrology Applications in Water Resource Management -- 9.4.1 Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) -- 9.4.2 Identify the Springs Origin and Their Recharge Area, Altitude Effect, Mean Residence Time -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Water Hammer Analysis for Pipe Line Network Using HAMMER V8i -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Problem Statement and Procedure of Analysis -- 10.3 Results and Analysis -- 10.3.1 Baseline Scenario: Steady State Conditions -- 10.3.2 Surge Analysis on Baseline Network Without Surge Protection -- 10.3.3 Analysis with Surge Protection Device -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Dam Break Flood Routing and Inundation Mapping Using HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Study Area -- 11.3 Methodology -- 11.4 Results and Discussions -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Suitability and Performance of Present Irrigation System in Kokernag, Jammu and Kashmir -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Parametric Approach -- 12.2.2 On the Basis of Socio-Economic Background -- 12.2.3 On the Basis of Usage and Availability of Water -- 12.3 Suitability and Performance Indicators -- 12.3.1 Capability Index -- 12.3.2 Relative Water Supply (RWS) -- 12.3.3 Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) -- 12.4 Description of Study Area -- 12.4.1 Location -- 12.4.2 Topography -- 12.4.3 Precipitation Characteristics -- 12.4.4 Irrigation Details -- 12.5 Data Collection -- 12.5.1 Soil Data -- 12.5.2 Water Availability and Water Requirement Data -- 12.6 Results and Discussions -- 12.6.1 Suitability -- 12.6.2 Performance -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References. , 13 Linking of Sediment Yield Pattern with Rainfall and Land-Use Land-Cover Changes Within Burhanpur Sub-catchment, India -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Study Area -- 13.3 Methodology -- 13.4 Analysis of Data, Results and Discussions -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Assessment of Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Using Hydrologic Model for Probable Maximum Precipitation in Maithon Watershed -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Study Area -- 14.2.1 Geographical Description of Study Area -- 14.2.2 Physiographic Description of Maithon Dam -- 14.3 Materials and Methodology -- 14.3.1 Delineation of Catchment -- 14.3.2 Preparation of Sub-catchment -- 14.3.3 Rainfall Distribution Maps -- 14.4 Probable Maximum Precipitation -- 14.5 Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) -- 14.5.1 Physiographic Parameter of the Sub-catchments -- 14.5.2 Snyder's Method -- 14.5.3 Design Loss Rate -- 14.5.4 Base Flow -- 14.5.5 Muskingum Parameters -- 14.5.6 HEC-HMS Model -- 14.5.7 Output -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Simulating Failure of Indravati Dam Using Mike 11 and the Propagation of Breached Outflow -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Study Area -- 15.2.1 Salient Features of Indravati Dam -- 15.3 Dam Breach Parameters -- 15.4 Methodology -- 15.5 Model Setup -- 15.6 Results and Analysis -- 15.6.1 Flood Routing -- 15.6.2 Longitudinal Profile of the Bed -- 15.7 Flood Maps -- 15.8 Emergency Action Plan (EAP) -- 15.9 Conclusions -- References -- 16 Optimization of Water Allocation for Ukai Reservoir Using Elitist TLBO -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Methods and Materials -- 16.2.1 Differential Evolution (DE) -- 16.2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) -- 16.2.3 Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) -- 16.2.4 Elitist Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (ETLBO) -- 16.3 Study Area and Data Collection -- 16.4 Mathematical Models -- 16.4.1 Objective Function -- 16.4.2 Constraints. , 16.5 Results and Discussion -- 16.6 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Prediction of Reservoir Submerged Sediment Density -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Data -- 17.2.2 ANN Model Design -- 17.3 Results and Discussion -- 17.4 Conclusion -- Annexure 1 -- References -- 18 Micro-hydro Power Generation in India-A Review -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Literature Review -- 18.3 Conclusion -- References -- 19 Runoff Simulation and Irrigation Water Requirement for Barman Command -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Study Area and Data -- 19.2.1 Study Area -- 19.2.2 Data Collection -- 19.3 Methodology -- 19.3.1 Net Irrigation Water Requirement -- 19.3.2 Rainfall-Runoff Modeling -- 19.3.3 Probability Analysis -- 19.3.4 Performance Evaluation of Model -- 19.4 Results and Analysis -- 19.4.1 AWBM Calibration and Validation Charts -- 19.4.2 SIMHYD Model -- 19.4.3 Accuracy of Models -- 19.4.4 Effective Rainfall -- 19.4.5 Probability Analysis of Yearly Rainfall -- 19.4.6 Probability Analysis of Monthly Rainfall -- 19.4.7 Irrigation Water Requirement -- 19.5 Conclusions -- Referencess -- 20 Nonlinear Regression Analysis Between Discharge and Head for Piano Key Weirs with Increasing Developed Length (L/W) Ratio and Constant Channel Width -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Literature Review -- 20.3 Methodology -- 20.3.1 Nonlinear Regression Analysis -- 20.4 Results and Discussion -- 20.5 Conclusion -- References -- 21 Grey Water Characterization and Its Management -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Characterization of Grey Water -- 21.3 Treatment of Grey Water -- 21.3.1 Laundry Sample -- 21.3.2 Bathing Sample -- 21.3.3 Washbasin Sample -- 21.4 Conclusion -- References -- 22 Intelligent Operation of Hirakud Reservoir Using Metaheuristic Techniques (PSO and TLBO) -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Study Area and Data Details -- 22.3 Methodology. , 22.3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Trend Analyses of Seasonal Mean Temperature Series Pertaining to the Tapi River Basin Using Monthly Data -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Data -- 1.3 Study Area -- 1.4 Methodology -- 1.5 Results -- 1.5.1 Trend Analysis of Regional Winter Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.5.2 Trend Analysis of Regional Pre-monsoon Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.5.3 Trend Analysis of Regional Monsoon Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.5.4 Trend Analysis of Regional Post-monsoon Tmean Series Corresponding to the Period 1971-2004 -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Dry Spell and Wet Spell Characterisation of Nandani River Basin, Western Maharashtra, India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Objective -- 2.3 Study Area and Methodology -- 2.3.1 Data Used -- 2.3.2 Method -- 2.3.3 Identification of Wet and Dry Spell -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Assessment of Climate Change on Crop Water Requirement in Tandula Command of Chhattisgarh (India) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Study Area and Data Used -- 3.3 Methodology -- 3.3.1 Statistical Downscaling -- 3.3.2 Reference Crop Evapotranspiration (ETo) -- 3.3.3 Computation of Irrigation Water Requirement -- 3.4 Analysis of Results -- 3.4.1 Future Projection of Climate Parameters and Rainfall -- 3.4.2 Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirement -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Regime of Narmada River Basin -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Literature Review -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.3.1 Study Area -- 4.3.2 Data and Methodology -- 4.3.3 Model Working Flowchart -- 4.4 ANN Used in Runoff Modelling -- 4.5 Wavelet Transform: A Data Processing Technique -- 4.6 Efficiency Parameters -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References. , 5 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Ethiopia -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Water Resources of Ethiopia -- 5.3 Ethiopian Contribution to Global Greenhouse Emission -- 5.4 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Ethiopia -- 5.4.1 Observed (Historical) Impacts on Water Resource -- 5.4.2 Potential Impacts on Water Resource -- 5.5 State Reaction for Threats of Climate Change in Ethiopia -- 5.6 Adaptation and Mitigation Techniques in Ethiopia -- 5.7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 6 Spatio-Temporal Trend Analysis of Long-Term IMD-Gridded Precipitation in Godavari River Basin, India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area and Datasets Used -- 6.3 Methodology -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Forecasting Reference Evapotranspiration Using Artificial Neural Network for Nagpur Region -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.4 Results and Discussions -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Time-Varying Downscaling Model (TVDM) and its Benefit to Capture Extreme Rainfall -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Materials and Methodology -- 8.3.1 Data Used -- 8.3.2 Methodology -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.4.1 Calibration Period -- 8.4.2 Validation Period -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 An Assessment of Impact of Land Use-Land Cover and Climate Change on Quality of River Using Water Quality Index -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Land Use-Land Cover -- 9.1.2 Climate Change -- 9.1.3 Water Quality Index -- 9.2 Study Area -- 9.3 Methodology -- 9.3.1 Estimation of Water Quality Index (WQI) -- 9.3.2 Analysis of WQI and Data -- 9.3.3 Relationship Between Land Use, Climate Change and Water Quality -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Assessment of Tail Behavior of Probability Distributions of Daily Precipitation Data Over India -- 10.1 Introduction. , 10.2 The Dataset -- 10.3 Methodology -- 10.3.1 Defining the Tail -- 10.3.2 Fitting Method -- 10.3.3 The Fitted Distribution Tails -- 10.4 Results and Discussion -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Benefit of Time-Varying Models Developed Using Graphical Modeling Approach for Probabilistic Prediction of Monthly Streamflow -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methodology -- 11.3 Application of the Time-Varying GM Approach -- 11.3.1 Study Area and Data Source -- 11.3.2 Model Performance and Discussion -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Determination of Effective Discharge Responsible for Sediment Transport in Cauvery River Basin -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test for Stream Flow Data -- 12.2.2 Determination of Effective Discharge Using MFA -- 12.2.3 Recurrence Interval Prediction -- 12.3 Study Area and Data Considered for MFA -- 12.4 Results and Discussions -- 12.4.1 KS Test for Fitting Probability Distributions to Daily Stream Flow Data -- 12.4.2 Stream Flow Distribution and Sediment Transport Analysis -- 12.4.3 Effective Discharge and Recurrence Interval Determination -- 12.4.4 Duration of Effective Discharge -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- 13 A Comparative Study of Potential Evapotranspiration in an Agroforestry Region of Western Ghats, India -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Materials and Methods -- 13.2.1 Penman-Monteith Method (PM) -- 13.2.2 Priestley-Taylor Method (PT) -- 13.2.3 Hargreaves Method (HG) -- 13.2.4 Turc's Method (TC) -- 13.3 Study Area -- 13.4 Results and Discussion -- 13.4.1 Comparisons of Daily ETo Methods -- 13.4.2 Comparisons of Monthly ET0 Methods -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Influence of Air Temperature on Local Precipitation Extremes Across India -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Study Area and Data -- 14.3 Methodology. , 14.3.1 Pairing the Maximum Daily Temperature and Daily Rainfall of Wet Days -- 14.3.2 Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) Scaling -- 14.4 Results and Discussions -- 14.4.1 Relationship Between Rainfall and Daily Maximum Temperature -- 14.4.2 Evolution of the Scaling Relationship Over Time -- 14.4.3 Relationship Between Rainfall and Maximum Temperature of Preceding Days -- 14.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 15 Effect of Spatial and Temporal Land Use-Land Cover Change on the Rainfall Trend: A Case Study in Kerala -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Study Area and Description -- 15.3 Data and Methodology -- 15.3.1 Rainfall Data -- 15.3.2 Land Use-Land Cover Maps -- 15.3.3 Rainfall Trend -- 15.4 Results and Discussion -- 15.4.1 Land Use-Land Cover Change -- 15.4.2 Rainfall Trend Estimation -- 15.4.3 Relating LULC Modification to Rainfall Change -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Innovations and Application of Operational Ocean Data Products for Security of Marine Environment -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.1.1 Argo Floats -- 16.1.2 Drifter Program -- 16.1.3 Soop/XBT -- 16.1.4 Moored Buoy -- 16.1.5 Satellite Oceanography -- 16.2 Ocean Data and Information System (ODIS) -- 16.3 Ocean Information and Advisory Services -- 16.4 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Statistical Downscaling of Sea Level by Support Vector Machine and Regression Tree Approaches -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Methods -- 17.2.1 Support Vector Regression -- 17.2.2 Regression Tree -- 17.3 Data Collection -- 17.4 Identification of Predictors -- 17.5 Development of Statistical Downscaling Model -- 17.6 Conclusions -- References -- 18 Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Crop Yield in Upper Godavari River Sub-basin Using H08 Hydrological Model -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Study Area and Database Development -- 18.3 Methodology and Hydrological Model: H08 -- 18.4 Results and Discussion. , 18.5 Conclusions -- References -- 19 Evaluation of Time Discretization of Daily Rainfall From the Literature for a Specific Site -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Site Description -- 19.3 Time Distribution Curves from the Literature -- 19.4 Data and Methodology -- 19.5 Results and Discussion -- 19.6 Conclusions -- References -- 20 Quality Checks on Continuous Rainfall Records: A Case Study -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Site Description -- 20.3 Screening of Hydrological Data -- 20.3.1 Check for Trend: Spearman's Rank Correlation Method -- 20.3.2 Check for Trend: Kendall's Tau Test -- 20.3.3 Test for Change Point: Cumulative Deviation from the Mean -- 20.3.4 Check for Stability of Variance: Fisher's Test -- 20.3.5 Check for Stability of Means: T-Test -- 20.3.6 Check for Persistence of Data: Lag 1 Serial Correlation Coefficient Test -- 20.3.7 Check for Randomness: Wald-Wolfowitz Test -- 20.4 Conclusions -- References -- 21 Assuring Water Intake Sustainability Under Changing Climate -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Motivation and Objective -- 21.3 Methodology -- 21.4 Basic Governing Equations -- 21.5 Results and Discussion -- 21.6 Conclusions -- References -- 22 Characteristics of Gldas Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Climate Variability Across Ganga Basin, India -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Study Area -- 22.3 Datasets -- 22.3.1 Evapotranspiration -- 22.3.2 Rainfall -- 22.3.3 Temperature -- 22.4 Methods -- 22.4.1 Mann-Kendall Test -- 22.4.2 Modified Mann-Kendall Test -- 22.5 Results and Discussion -- 22.6 Conclusions -- References -- 23 Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Its Correlation with Maximum Sustained Wind Speed in Bay of Bengal -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Data and Methodology -- 23.3 Results and Discussion -- 23.4 Conclusions -- References. , 24 Comparison of CMIP5 Wind Speed from Global Climate Models with In-Situ Observations for the Bay of Bengal.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is Deep Learning? -- 1.2 Pros and Cons of Deep Learning -- 1.3 Recent Applications of Deep Learning in Hydrometeorological and Environmental Studies -- 1.4 Organization of Chapters -- 1.5 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 2 Mathematical Background -- 2.1 Linear Regression Model -- 2.1.1 Simple Linear Regression -- 2.1.2 Multiple Linear Regression -- 2.2 Time Series Model -- 2.2.1 Autoregressive Model (AR) -- 2.3 Probability Distributions -- 2.3.1 Normal Distributions -- 2.3.2 Gamma Distribution -- 2.4 Exercises -- References -- 3 Data Preprocessing -- 3.1 Normalization -- 3.2 Data Splitting for Training and Testing -- 3.3 Exercises -- 4 Neural Network -- 4.1 Terminology in Neural Network -- 4.1.1 Components of Neural Network -- 4.1.2 Activation Functions -- 4.1.3 Error and Loss Function -- 4.1.4 Softmax and One-Hot Encoding -- 4.2 Artificial Neural Network -- 4.2.1 Simplest Network -- 4.2.2 Feedforward and Backward Propagation -- 4.2.3 Network with Multiple Input and Output Variables -- 4.2.4 Python Coding of the Simple Network -- 4.3 Exercises -- 5 Training a Neural Network -- 5.1 Initialization -- 5.2 Gradient Descent -- 5.3 Backpropagation -- 5.3.1 Simple Network -- 5.3.2 Full Neural Network -- 5.3.3 Python Coding of Network -- 5.4 Exercises -- Reference -- 6 Updating Weights -- 6.1 Momentum -- 6.2 Adagrad -- 6.3 RMSprop -- 6.4 Adam -- 6.5 Nadam -- 6.6 Python Coding of Updating Weights -- 6.7 Exercises -- References -- 7 Improving Model Performance -- 7.1 Batching and Minibatch -- 7.2 Validation -- 7.2.1 Python Coding of K-Fold Cross-Validation -- 7.3 Regularization -- 7.3.1 L-Norm Regularization -- 7.3.2 Dropout -- 7.3.3 Python Coding of Regularization -- 7.4 Exercises -- Reference -- 8 Advanced Neural Network Algorithms -- 8.1 Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). , 8.1.1 Basic ELM -- 8.1.2 Generalized ELM -- 8.1.3 Python Coding -- 8.2 Autoencoder -- 8.2.1 Vanilla Autoencoder -- 8.2.2 Regularized Autoencoder -- 8.2.3 Python Coding of Regularized AE -- 8.3 Exercises -- Reference -- 9 Deep Learning for Time Series -- 9.1 Recurrent Neural Network -- 9.1.1 Backpropagation -- 9.1.2 Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) -- 9.2 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) -- 9.2.1 Basics of LSTM -- 9.2.2 Example of LSTM -- 9.2.3 Backpropagation of a Simple LSTM -- 9.2.4 Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) -- 9.3 Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) -- 9.3.1 Basics of GRU -- 9.3.2 Example of GRU -- 9.3.3 Backpropagation of a Simple GRU Model -- 9.4 Exercises -- References -- 10 Deep Learning for Spatial Datasets -- 10.1 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) -- 10.1.1 Definition of Convolution -- 10.1.2 Elements of CNN -- 10.2 Backpropagation of CNN -- 10.3 Exercises -- 11 Tensorflow and Keras Programming for Deep Learning -- 11.1 Basic Keras Modeling -- 11.2 Temporal Deep Learning (LSTM and GRU) -- 11.3 Spatial Deep Learning (CNN) -- 11.4 Exercises -- References -- 12 Hydrometeorological Applications of Deep Learning -- 12.1 Stochastic Simulation with LSTM -- 12.1.1 Mathematical Description for Stochastic Simulation with LSTM -- 12.1.2 Colorado Monthly Streamflow -- 12.1.3 Results of Colorado River -- 12.1.4 Python Coding -- 12.1.5 Matlab Coding -- 12.2 Forecasting Daily Temperature with LSTM -- 12.2.1 Preparing the Data -- 12.2.2 Methodology -- 12.2.3 Results -- 12.2.4 Python Coding -- 12.3 Exercises -- References -- 13 Environmental Applications of Deep Learning -- 13.1 Remote Sensing of Water Quality Using CNN -- 13.1.1 Introduction -- 13.1.2 Study Area and Monitoring -- 13.1.3 Field Data Collection -- 13.1.4 Point-Centered Regression CNN (PRCNN) -- 13.1.5 Results and Discussion -- 13.1.6 Conclusion -- 13.1.7 Python Coding -- References.